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21	Attitudes intolérantes et initiatives législatives contre les chrétiens à l'époque de Marc-Aurèle : entre histoire et propagande politique : un réexamen de la vexata quaestio / Intolerant attitudes and legislative initiatives against Christians in the time of Marcus Aurelius : between history and political propaganda : a re-examination of the vexata quaestio Provenzano, Marco 23 September 2017 (has links) Le présent mémoire propose d’examiner, d’une façon approfondie et innovatrice, le rapport entre les chrétiens et Marc-Aurèle à travers une analyse complète des sources à disposition, notamment celles historico-littéraires, épigraphiques, numismatiques et législatives. En particulier, l’on démontrera l’absence de fondement de l’image faite a posteriori de Marc-Aurèle en tant que protector christianorum dont le premier témoin, d'après nos connaissances, est Tertullien. L’on montrera, par le biais d’une analyse législative des sources à notre disposition qu’à l’époque de Marc-Aurèle il n’y avait aucune loi qui protégeait les chrétiens. Bien au contraire, les dispositions de Trajan étaient toujours valides. Par la suite, nous chercherons à trouver les véritables raisons de la politique de Marc-Aurèle envers les chrétiens à travers la comparaison entre la pensée médio-platonicienne de Justin et celle stoïcienne du princeps. L’interprétation philosophique de l’attitude à montrer face à la mort, nous donnera une clef de lecture pour pénétrer les raisons les plus profondes des violences et des procès que les chrétiens ont subis au cours de son principat. / This work aims to provide an original and thorough exploration of the relationship between Marcus Aurelius and the Christians by means of an in-depth analysis of the available historical, literary, epigraphic, numismatic, and legal sources. Specifically, it will show that the a posteriori view of Marcus Aurelius as protector Christianorum, apparently introduced by Tertullian, is unfounded. In support of this argument, a legal analysis of the available sources will show that, far from enjoying legal protection during the Principality of Marcus Aurelius, Christians were still subject to Trajan’s laws. The true reasons underlying the policy of Marcus Aurelius towards the Christians will be investigated by comparing the Middle Platonism of Justin Martyr with the stoic meditations of the princeps. In particular, the philosophical interpretation of the attitude deemed suitable in the face of death will provide an insight into the reasons that led to the wave of violence and to the trials of Christians under Marcus Aurelius’ rule. Marc-Aurèle Eusèbe de Césarée Justin le martyr Tertullien Méliton de Sardes Histoire ecclésiastique Apologétique « Miracle de la pluie » Nomen christianum Confessio nominis Législation anti-chrétienne Martyrium Lugdunensis Kaina dogmata Marcus Aurelius Eusebius of Caesarea Justin martyr Tertullian Melito of Sardis Ecclesiastical History Apologeticum “The Rain miracle” Nomen christianum Confessio nominis Anti-Christians law Martyrium Lugdunensis Kaina dogmata 272.1
22	Renewing Athens : the ideology of the past in Roman Greece McHugh, Sarah January 2017 (has links) In this thesis we explore the period of renewal that Athens experienced during the second century AD. This century saw Athens at the peak of her cultural prominence in the Roman Empire: the city was the centre of the League of the Panhellenion and hosted a vibrant sophistic scene that attracted orators from across the Greek world, developments which were ideologically fuelled by contemporary conceptions of Classical Athens. While this Athenian 'golden age' is a standard feature of scholarship on Greek culture under Rome, my thesis delves further to explore the renewal of the urban and rural landscapes at this time and the relationship between that process and constructions of Athenian identity. We approach the renewal of second-century Athens through four lenses: past and present in the Ilissos area; the rhetoric of the Panhellenion; elite conflict and competition; and the character of the Attic countryside. My central conclusions are as follows: 1. The renewal of Athens was effected chiefly by Hadrian and the Athenian elite and was modelled on an ideal Athenian past, strategically manipulated to suit present purpose; the attractions of the fifth-century golden age for this programme of renewal meant that politically contentious history of radical democracy and aggressive imperialism had to be safely rewritten. 2. Athens and Attica retained their uniquely integrated character in the second century. Rural Attica was the subject of a powerful sacro-idyllic ideology and played a vital role in concepts of Athenian identity, while simultaneously serving as a functional landscape of production and inhabitation. 3. The true socio-economic importance of the Attic countryside as a settled and productive landscape should be investigated without unduly privileging the limited evidence from survey, and by combining all available sources, both literary and documentary, with attention to their content, cultural context and ideological relevance.
23	Rubens and the Stoic Baroque: Classical Stoic Ethics, Rhetoric, and Natural Philosophy in Rubens’s Style Nutting, Catherine M. 18 January 2018 (has links) Rubens is known as a painter; he should also be defined as an art theorist. Following Robert Williams’ theory that Early Modern art became philosophical, I believe that style can connote art theoretical interests and philosophical models, and that in Rubens’s case, these included the classical Stoic. While it would be possible to trace Rubens’s commitment to Stoicism in his subject matter, I investigate it in his style, taking a Baxandalian approach to inferential criticism. I focus on Rubens’s formal choices, his varied brushwork, and his ability to create a vibrant picture plane. My study is divided into chapters on Ethics, Logic, and Physics. In Chapter One I treat Stoic moral philosophy as an influence in the design of Rubens’s paintings, consider similarities between classical and Early Modern interest in viewer/reader response, and argue that Baroque artists could use style to avoid dogma while targeting viewers’ personal transformation. In Chapter Two I focus on Rhetoric, a section of the Stoic philosophy of Logic. Stoic Logic privileged truth: that is, it centred on investigating existing reality. As such, Stoic rhetorical theory and the classical literature influenced by it promoted a style that is complex and nuanced. I relate this to the Early Modern interest in copia, arguing that this includes Rubens’s painterly style which, apropos copia, should be better termed the Abundant Style. In Chapter Three I explore similarities between Stoic Natural Philosophy and the Early Modern artistic interest in the unified visual field. The Stoics defined the natural world as eternally moving and mixing; with force fields, energy, and elements in constant relationships of cause/effect. The Stoic concept of natural sympathy was a notion of material/energetic interrelatedness in which the world was seen as a living body, and the divine inhered in matter. I consider ways that these classical Stoic concepts of transformation, realism, and vivified matter might be discerned in Rubens’s style. / Graduate / 2023-12-14 Art History Peter Paul Rubens Baroque Baroque Painting Seventeenth-Century Antwerp Seventeenth-Century Art Style Baroque Style Stoicism Stoicism and Art Early Modern NeoStoicism Antwerp NeoStoicism Flemish NeoStoicism Seventeenth-Cenury Flemish Art Seventeenth-Cenury Flemish Painting Flemish Baroque Painting Stoicism and Style Stoic Ethics Stoic Ethical Philosophy Stoic Rhetoric Stoic Rhetorical Philosophy Stoic Physics Stoic Natural Philosophy Roger de Piles Seneca Seneca Naturales Questiones Tacitus Tacitus's Style Tacitus and Stoicism Stoic continuum Baroque unity Justus Lipsius Early Modern Library Macchia Sententiae Style and Meaning Quintilian Diogenes Laertius Epictetus Chrysippus Marcus Aurelius Early Modern Art Theory Rubens as a Theorist Antwerp Humanism Flemish Humanism Humanism in Flanders and Brabant The Self The Early Modern Self Style for Truth The Continuum Nature Alive Stoic Optimism Seventeenth-Century Stoic Optimism

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Renewing Athens : the ideology of the past in Roman Greece

Rubens and the Stoic Baroque: Classical Stoic Ethics, Rhetoric, and Natural Philosophy in Rubens’s Style