No presente trabalho, o objeto de análise é a Literatura Marginal produzida por Ferréz e seus pontos de contato com um deslocamento do lugar da periferia. Partindo dessa ideia, esta pesquisa pensa Ferréz, em alguns momentos, e dialoga com outros escritores da periferia e suas preferências temáticas. Falando da periferia como tema do escritor da nova geração da Literatura Marginal e como possibilidade de que essa Literatura despontasse, esta pesquisa tem início com a discussão do conceito de periferia e, em seguida, coloca em perspectiva e realiza um sobrevoo entre os diferentes sentidos do termo marginalidade no contexto da Literatura e nas artes de uma maneira ampla. A partir das referidas observações, são discutidas as primeiras expressões de marginalidade na literatura, especialmente aqui no Brasil e verificadas quando se começou, de fato, a aplicar essa expressão marginal na Literatura. Assim, são apresentadas as três principais conotações de marginalidade: (i) aquela que se refere à cultura marginal das décadas de 1960 e 1970; (ii) aquela que diz respeito à poesia marginal do mesmo período; e (iii) a que se relaciona aos escritores que trazem a periferia como tema ou, ainda, aqueles que são oriundos dela. Em seguida, são apresentados os traços da marginalidade literária da nova geração e algumas ações político-culturais de alguns escritores. Nesse momento, há um aprofundamento no objetivo desta pesquisa, que é discutir as mutações na Literatura Marginal e no discurso de Férrez dentro de uma nova concepção de marginalidade literária, inseparável de novos sentidos e contextos da ideia de periferia.

No description available.

Quedas cíclicas de pH no meio bucal parecem ser um dos maiores desafios aos quais estão expostos os materiais restauradores. Desta forma, a capacidade de liberação/recarga de flúor (F¯) e a avaliação da interface dente/restauração pelo teste de microinfiltração em ciclagem de pH (CpH), durante 15 dias, pode complementar in vitro, a simulação de situações clínicas de alto desafio cariogênico. Foram confeccionados 12 corpos-de prova na forma de discos (1,1 cm de diâmetro, 0,15 cm de espessura) dos materiais, distribuídos em dois grupos sem e com recarga (R), Vitremer (V/VR), Dyract AP (DY/DYR), Ariston®AT (A/AR), Definite® (D/DR), Tetric®Ceram (TC/TCR). Os corpos-de-prova foram imersos individualmente em 4 mL de solução CpH, 6 horas em solução desmineralizante (DES¯) e 17 horas em solução remineralizante (RE). A recarga foi iniciada no 2º dia com pasta fluoretada fluida 3:1(Crest), realizada diariamente, entre as trocas das soluções DES¯/RE. As soluções DES¯/RE dos dois grupos, com e sem recarga eram trocadas diariamente, e armazenadas durante 15 dias. A análise da concentração de F¯ da liberação e da recarga foi medida com 0,5 mL de solução teste adicionada a igual volume de TISAB II, por um eletrodo íon F¯ específico acoplado ao aparelho analisador pH/F¯. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os maiores valores F¯ foram registrados em solução DES¯ (pH 4.3). Todos os materiais, em ambos experimentos, apresentaram o mesmo padrão de liberação de F¯ e, os maiores valores foram do V (418,04 µgF¯/cm²) e VR (818,39 µgF¯/cm²). Ao 3º dia, materiais sob recarga apresentaram maiores valores de F¯ liberado, com declínio lento e alcançando valores estáveis ao 15º dia, quando os valores de F¯ aproximaram-se aos sem recarga, obtidos ao 2º dia. As resinas compostas D e TC apresentaram os mais baixos valores de F¯ liberados, D (5,16 µgF¯/cm²); DR (10,25 µgF¯/cm²); TC (10,09µgF¯/cm²); TCR (16,85 µgF¯/cm²), em ambos experimentos, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes entre DR e TC. Entre as resinas compostas, a maior liberação foi da AR (327,20 µgF¯/cm²). Para avaliar a microinfiltração, foram utilizados 3ºs molares extraídos preparados com cavidades Classe V (4,00 mm, 2,00 mm, 1,5 mm), em esmalte, restaurados com os mesmos materiais e distribuídos em dois meios de imersão, água deinozada (A) e CpH (DES¯/RE) durante 15 dias. Em seguida, foram imersos em fucsina básica 0,5% por 24 horas, lavados, seccionados, visualizados em estereomicroscópio óptico com 60X de aumento. Os cortes mais infiltrados foram escaneados e uma medida linear (0,5 cm=115 pixels) foi obtida pelo softweare Image Tool. Ao teste de Tukey, houve diferença estatística significante entre os meios de imersão, o maior grau de microinfiltração foi em CpH. Todos os materiais apresentaram microinfiltração na interface dente/restauração, sendo observada a maior infiltração na resina composta D, seguida da TC, V, DY e A. Entretanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os materiais TC, V, DY e A. Diante das limitações desse estudo e frente aos resultados encontrados, observa-se que apesar das quantidades de F¯ liberadas no experimento sem e com recarga, não deixou de ocorrer o processo de microinfiltração na interface dente/restauração dos materiais avaliados. / pH cyclic alterations in the oral environment seems to be one of the largest challenges in which the restoratives materials are subjected. Therefore, fluoride (F¯) release/uptake capacity evaluation of the tooth/restorative interfaces by microleakage test under pH-cycling (CpH) regimen, for 15 days might simulate in vitro the clinical situations of caries challenging. Twelve cylindrical samples with diameter of 11mm and thickness of 1.5mm of the materials Vitremer (V/VR), Dyract AP (DY/DYR), Ariston®AT (A/AR), Definite® (D/DR), Tetric®Ceram (TC/TCR) were fabricated and distributed in two groups of F¯ release and uptake. Samples were individually immersed in 4mL of CpH solution, i.e., 6 hours in demineralizing solution (pH 4.3) followed by 17 hours in remineralizing solution (pH 7.0). The fluoride uptake was started at 2nd day by means of dentifrice slurry containing 1.100 ppm of F¯ (Crest), applied daily, before DES¯/RE solutions changing. The analysis of F¯ release/uptake concentration was measured by a specific F¯ ionelectrode with 0.5mL of test solution added to 0.5mL of TISAB II. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey\'s Test (p<0.05). The highest F¯ values were registered in DES¯ solution. All materials, in both experiments, presented the same pattern of fluoride release and the highest rates were obtained by V (418.04µgF¯/cm²) and VR (818.39µgF¯/cm²) groups. At 3rd day, all materials presented the highest amount of F¯ releasing after the uptake, with slowly decrease, reaching stable values at the 15th day, when fluoride release presented similar levels of that at 2nd day. Composite resins D and TC released the lowest fluoride amounts, D (5.16µgF¯/cm²); DR(10.25µgF¯/cm²); TC (10.09µgF¯/cm²); TCR (16.86µgF¯/cm²), in both experiments, although no statistically difference was observed between DR and TC. AR released the highest amount of F¯ (327.21µgF¯/cm²) among composites. Eighty human 3rd molars were used to evaluate microleakage under pH-cycling regimen. Class V cavities (4.0mm, 2.0mm, 1.5mm) with margins in enamel were prepared and restored with the same materials. They were distributed in two immersion media, groups: deionized water (A) 112 and pH-cycling (DES¯/RE), for 15 days. After this period, specimens were then immersed in 0.5% basic fucsine dye for 24 hours. They were washed in tap water and sectioned for evaluation. The samples were analyzed by means of an optical stereomicroscope (60X) and slices with the greatest dye penetration were choosen and submitted to Image Tool area analysis softweare. Data was submitted to stattiscal analysis using two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (=0.05), revealing that there was statistically difference between immersion media factor. The greatest level of dye penetration was obtained in CpH. All materials tested registered some microleakage but the greatest level was registered by Definite® followed by TC, V, DY and A. However, there were no statistically significant differences amongst TC, V, DY and A. Definite® was significantly different to A and DY. Within the limits of this study and in the basis of the obtained results, the fluoride release/uptake was not able in reducing preventing the microleakage of the evaluated materials. Therefore, the restorative material to each clinical situation should be analyzed on his physical, chemical and mechanical aspects as well as his behavior under caries challenge.

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bern, 1921. / Includes bibliographical references ([vii]).

Thesis--Katholieke Economische Hoogeschool te Tilburg. / "Stellingen" and summary in Dutch. Includes bibliography and indexes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1961. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-106).

Quedas cíclicas de pH no meio bucal parecem ser um dos maiores desafios aos quais estão expostos os materiais restauradores. Desta forma, a capacidade de liberação/recarga de flúor (F¯) e a avaliação da interface dente/restauração pelo teste de microinfiltração em ciclagem de pH (CpH), durante 15 dias, pode complementar in vitro, a simulação de situações clínicas de alto desafio cariogênico. Foram confeccionados 12 corpos-de prova na forma de discos (1,1 cm de diâmetro, 0,15 cm de espessura) dos materiais, distribuídos em dois grupos sem e com recarga (R), Vitremer (V/VR), Dyract AP (DY/DYR), Ariston®AT (A/AR), Definite® (D/DR), Tetric®Ceram (TC/TCR). Os corpos-de-prova foram imersos individualmente em 4 mL de solução CpH, 6 horas em solução desmineralizante (DES¯) e 17 horas em solução remineralizante (RE). A recarga foi iniciada no 2º dia com pasta fluoretada fluida 3:1(Crest), realizada diariamente, entre as trocas das soluções DES¯/RE. As soluções DES¯/RE dos dois grupos, com e sem recarga eram trocadas diariamente, e armazenadas durante 15 dias. A análise da concentração de F¯ da liberação e da recarga foi medida com 0,5 mL de solução teste adicionada a igual volume de TISAB II, por um eletrodo íon F¯ específico acoplado ao aparelho analisador pH/F¯. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os maiores valores F¯ foram registrados em solução DES¯ (pH 4.3). Todos os materiais, em ambos experimentos, apresentaram o mesmo padrão de liberação de F¯ e, os maiores valores foram do V (418,04 µgF¯/cm²) e VR (818,39 µgF¯/cm²). Ao 3º dia, materiais sob recarga apresentaram maiores valores de F¯ liberado, com declínio lento e alcançando valores estáveis ao 15º dia, quando os valores de F¯ aproximaram-se aos sem recarga, obtidos ao 2º dia. As resinas compostas D e TC apresentaram os mais baixos valores de F¯ liberados, D (5,16 µgF¯/cm²); DR (10,25 µgF¯/cm²); TC (10,09µgF¯/cm²); TCR (16,85 µgF¯/cm²), em ambos experimentos, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes entre DR e TC. Entre as resinas compostas, a maior liberação foi da AR (327,20 µgF¯/cm²). Para avaliar a microinfiltração, foram utilizados 3ºs molares extraídos preparados com cavidades Classe V (4,00 mm, 2,00 mm, 1,5 mm), em esmalte, restaurados com os mesmos materiais e distribuídos em dois meios de imersão, água deinozada (A) e CpH (DES¯/RE) durante 15 dias. Em seguida, foram imersos em fucsina básica 0,5% por 24 horas, lavados, seccionados, visualizados em estereomicroscópio óptico com 60X de aumento. Os cortes mais infiltrados foram escaneados e uma medida linear (0,5 cm=115 pixels) foi obtida pelo softweare Image Tool. Ao teste de Tukey, houve diferença estatística significante entre os meios de imersão, o maior grau de microinfiltração foi em CpH. Todos os materiais apresentaram microinfiltração na interface dente/restauração, sendo observada a maior infiltração na resina composta D, seguida da TC, V, DY e A. Entretanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os materiais TC, V, DY e A. Diante das limitações desse estudo e frente aos resultados encontrados, observa-se que apesar das quantidades de F¯ liberadas no experimento sem e com recarga, não deixou de ocorrer o processo de microinfiltração na interface dente/restauração dos materiais avaliados. / pH cyclic alterations in the oral environment seems to be one of the largest challenges in which the restoratives materials are subjected. Therefore, fluoride (F¯) release/uptake capacity evaluation of the tooth/restorative interfaces by microleakage test under pH-cycling (CpH) regimen, for 15 days might simulate in vitro the clinical situations of caries challenging. Twelve cylindrical samples with diameter of 11mm and thickness of 1.5mm of the materials Vitremer (V/VR), Dyract AP (DY/DYR), Ariston®AT (A/AR), Definite® (D/DR), Tetric®Ceram (TC/TCR) were fabricated and distributed in two groups of F¯ release and uptake. Samples were individually immersed in 4mL of CpH solution, i.e., 6 hours in demineralizing solution (pH 4.3) followed by 17 hours in remineralizing solution (pH 7.0). The fluoride uptake was started at 2nd day by means of dentifrice slurry containing 1.100 ppm of F¯ (Crest), applied daily, before DES¯/RE solutions changing. The analysis of F¯ release/uptake concentration was measured by a specific F¯ ionelectrode with 0.5mL of test solution added to 0.5mL of TISAB II. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey\'s Test (p<0.05). The highest F¯ values were registered in DES¯ solution. All materials, in both experiments, presented the same pattern of fluoride release and the highest rates were obtained by V (418.04µgF¯/cm²) and VR (818.39µgF¯/cm²) groups. At 3rd day, all materials presented the highest amount of F¯ releasing after the uptake, with slowly decrease, reaching stable values at the 15th day, when fluoride release presented similar levels of that at 2nd day. Composite resins D and TC released the lowest fluoride amounts, D (5.16µgF¯/cm²); DR(10.25µgF¯/cm²); TC (10.09µgF¯/cm²); TCR (16.86µgF¯/cm²), in both experiments, although no statistically difference was observed between DR and TC. AR released the highest amount of F¯ (327.21µgF¯/cm²) among composites. Eighty human 3rd molars were used to evaluate microleakage under pH-cycling regimen. Class V cavities (4.0mm, 2.0mm, 1.5mm) with margins in enamel were prepared and restored with the same materials. They were distributed in two immersion media, groups: deionized water (A) 112 and pH-cycling (DES¯/RE), for 15 days. After this period, specimens were then immersed in 0.5% basic fucsine dye for 24 hours. They were washed in tap water and sectioned for evaluation. The samples were analyzed by means of an optical stereomicroscope (60X) and slices with the greatest dye penetration were choosen and submitted to Image Tool area analysis softweare. Data was submitted to stattiscal analysis using two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (=0.05), revealing that there was statistically difference between immersion media factor. The greatest level of dye penetration was obtained in CpH. All materials tested registered some microleakage but the greatest level was registered by Definite® followed by TC, V, DY and A. However, there were no statistically significant differences amongst TC, V, DY and A. Definite® was significantly different to A and DY. Within the limits of this study and in the basis of the obtained results, the fluoride release/uptake was not able in reducing preventing the microleakage of the evaluated materials. Therefore, the restorative material to each clinical situation should be analyzed on his physical, chemical and mechanical aspects as well as his behavior under caries challenge.

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that resemble the normal B-cell populations of the marginal zone of a lymph node. It includes three different subtypes, nodal, splenic, and extra -nodal, each, with overlapping features and yet unique characteristics. Nodal Marginal Zone lymphoma (NMZL) accounts for only 1% of all Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Marginal Zone lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation is not very common. We report a unique case of Nodal marginal zone lymphoma initially presenting with lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy, work up indicating low grade lymphoma, subsequently developing hyper viscosity syndrome due to symptomatic IgM monoclonal gammopathy. A 68 year old female was noted to have persistent leukocytosis with lymphocytic predominance after completing treatment for a urinary tract infection. Clinical exam revealed bilateral axillary adenopathy. CT scan of neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed axillary, mediastinal and retroperitoneal adenopathy with splenomegaly. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was suspected and work up initiated. Peripheral blood Flow-cytometry revealed 24% small B-cells with surface kappa light chain restriction consistent with mature B-cell lymphoma or leukemia without typical immune phenotype of CLL. Lab reported significant elevation of total protein at 10 g/dl. Workup for para-proteinemia consistent with IgM level over 5000 mg/dl, with serum viscosity of 8. Axillary lymph node excisional biopsy reported marginal zone lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated 42% monoclonal B-cells without co-expression of CD5 and CD23. FISH studies positive for duplication 1q and Molecular testing negative for MYDD88 mutation. Decision was made to initiate chemo therapy with R-CVP for a total of six cycles. Her treatment course was complicated by symptomatic hyper viscosity syndrome necessitating therapeutic plasmapheresis. Patient successfully completed chemo immunotherapy with normalization of blood counts, resolution of palpable adenopathy and splenomegaly. Nodal marginal lymphoma (NMZL) originates from nodal mono-cytoid or marginal zone B cells and the pathogenesis usually involves acquired mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involving MLL2, PTTPRD, NOTCH2, and KLF2 genes. The median age is round 70 years with slight male predominance. The clinical picture varies and usually includes generalized lymphadenopathy along with B symptoms and infrequently with mild monoclonal gammopathy (any immunoglobulin subtype-IgM uncommon). Marginal Zone lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation is not as common and shares immuno-histochemical features with lympho-plasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). They both express B cell markers CD19, CD20, and CD22) and not CD5, CD10 or CD23. Clinically, NMZL is more likely to present with prominent lymphadenopathy, while LPL can exclusively affect the marrow without extramedullary involvement. IgM levels in NMZL tend to be lower than in LPL, typically lower than 1000 mg/d. MYD88 mutation is very common in LPL, and can be seen in 10-15% NMZL. The presence of IgM monoclonal gammopathy increases the serum viscosity which can lead to serious neurologic and ophthalmologic complications. Treatment involves emergent plasmapheresis. Our case highlights a less common NHL, presenting with significant paraproteinemia and developing hyper viscosity syndrome with impressive response to plasmapheresis and chemo immunotherapy.

Survival is bound to conditions of safety (now) and preservation (future). The places that marginal people inhabit are either permanent familiar places, or temporary unfamiliar places. These places however are also bound to time. When circumstances are unpredictable survival instincts are heightened, and when circumstances are predictable survival instincts are at a neutral level (or in in a state of homeostasis). If a place is undergoing change such as societal and political change, the change in mental state of a person occurs as this affects the survival of that person. The dissertation explores ideas of identity (valued, strong, useful), perception (how other people see the marginal) and marginalisation of specific groups of people. This will be investigated in terms of the preservation of the marginalised people through programmatic devices and activities (what can the marginal offer). The proposed programme (and supporting programmes) allow for the development of marginalised people in a hostile society in which survival and refuge are the first instincts. The intent of the architecture seeks to explore the relationship between a marginal person and place on a conceptual and physical level. Moreover the architecture seeks to negotiate the margins that society has placed between those who are approved within society (the norm) and those who are different than the norm. A consciousness of this difference or 'margin area' exists throughout the investigation which allows for an alternative approach to create thought-provoking architecture rather than an aesthetically pleasing architecture. It is the belief of the author that even though something might be 'broken', it remains more useful and is more valuable than something that was perfect in the first place. The project moves beyond monotony and strives for unity in difference (the marginal unite). Difference as a strength creates an opportunity to emphasise those who are different and finds a way to strengthen the alternative identities in a future spatial condition. The proposed programme facilitates the development of these identities to become stronger in time in order to withstand struggle and unpredictability. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted