Marihuana continues to be a controversial topic in todays society. The plant material is used recreationally as a stupefacient and has a purported medicinal use. In fact, anecdotal information about its medicinal properties has been such that Health Canada has recently started an initiative to provide a well characterized supply of plant tissue to researchers interested in examining its potential medicinal properties. Simultaneously this same material is being provided for those subjects who are licensed to use marihuana as a medicine. <p>In order to further study marihuana and its component cannabinoids it is essential to be able to discern both the cannabinoid content in the product being supplied and more importantly the cannabinoid profile in the delivery system. At present the most common route of administration is via inhalation of the combusted plant material. Consequently methods capable of measuring the cannabinoid content in combusted plant material would be very useful in order to make meaningful study of the pharmacokinetics of the cannabinoids delivered by this route. <p>Investigations were carried out to develop a method and study the volatile constituents of combusted marihuana plant material in a semi-enclosed environment. Thus the hypothesis of this research is that qualitative and quantitative information can be obtained from the combustion products of cannabis plant tissue. The method relies upon the solid phase extraction of smoke arising from the combustion of plant material in a variety of combustion chambers. The combustion chambers were designed to reflect the current marihuana paraphernalia in use as well as a high efficiency in vitro system. Both the qualitative and quantitative levels of a limited number of cannabinoids were evaluated before and after combustion. A quantitative Liquid Chromatography Ultra Violet (LC-UV) detector method was validated for the analysis of a selected group of cannabinoids ( Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) . When this method was applied to plant material available through the medical marijuana initiative the following observations were made on the combustion products:<p> <table style="text-align: left; width: 397px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 119px;">Material</td> <td style="width: 59px;">CBD</td> <td style="width: 59px;">CBN</td> <td style="width: 59px;">THC</td> <td style="width: 59px;">THCA</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 119px;">Analyzed</td> <td style="width: 59px;">(ug/ml)</td> <td style="width: 59px;">(ug/ml)</td> <td style="width: 59px;">(ug/ml)</td> <td style="width: 59px;">(ug/ml)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 119px;">Plant</td> <td style="width: 59px;">BLQ</td> <td style="width: 59px;">BLQ</td> <td style="width: 59px;">BLQ</td> <td style="width: 59px;">890</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 119px;">Combusted</td> <td style="width: 59px;">20</td> <td style="width: 59px;">14</td> <td style="width: 59px;">420</td> <td style="width: 59px;">28</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 5 mg plant tissue extracted using a validated HPLC-UV method <p> 5 mg plant tissue combusted in a closed combustion chamber.<p> BLQ: below level of quantification (<12.5 ug/mL)<p>These results sparked further research into the quantitative transformation of cannabinoids during the combustion process. In this regard, it was shown that THC, CBD and CBN all could be recovered at approximately a 90% ratio upon combustion However, THCA was thermally converted such that very little remains after combustion and furthermore, its degradation product, THC can only account for 50% of the THCA. The latter observation is important since there has been a prevailing thought that THCA is quantitatively transformed during combustion to THC while in fact this transformation is approximately 50%. This finding must be considered when pharmacokinetic studies are carried out using inhalation of combusted plant material as the delivery system.<p>A further finding of this research is that not all popular combustion devices yield identical quantitative cannabinoid profiles. In this regard, the simpler pipe systems result in the highest yields of heat transformed cannabinoids while the vaporizer systems have the lowest cannabinoid yields.

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Objectives: As part of the research issue, we tracked six sub-objectives of the research. The first objective of the research was to describe the sexual behavior of marihuana users in selected areas of sexuality based on data obtained from the questionnaire survey. The presented research was aimed at heterosexual men who regularly use marihuana at a frequency of once a week to daily. The second objective was to find a link between the frequency of marihuana use and selected areas of sexuality. The third objective of our work was to find a link between the length of marihuana use and selected areas of sexuality. The fourth objective of the research was to find a link between the influence of the use of other psychoactive substances on marihuana users in selected areas of sexuality. The fifth objective of our work was to find out the links between tobacco use in a marihuana user group and selected areas of sexuality. The sixth objective was to find a link between the use of marihuana and erectile function, respectively dysfunctions, according to The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Methods: For research purposes, we chose a quantitative type of study. The sample comprised 392 respondents, regular heterosexual marihuana users using marihuana at least once a week. A non-standardized...

Objetivo: Determinar el consumo de marihuana y características clínicas del tejido periodontal en pacientes del Centro de Rehabilitación “Fuente de Agua Viva”. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 pacientes del Centro de Rehabilitación “Fuente de Agua Viva” cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 18 a 50 años. Resultados: Se encontró que la frecuencia más alta de consumo de marihuana fue más de 2 veces al día, el tiempo de consumo entre 1 a 5 años y la forma de consumo más usada fue el cigarrillo. La mayor cantidad de pacientes no presentaron bolsa periodontal (86.7%), ni sangrado gingival (51.7%) pero sí un nivel de adherencia clínica leve (60%) y moderado (33.3%). Además el 96.7% no presentaron compromiso de furca; el 96.7% no tenían movilidad dentaria, el 81.7% presentaron agrandamiento gingival, el 78.3% recesión gingival, y el 63.3% de los pacientes un nivel de higiene oral regular. Conclusión: La enfermedad periodontal ha sido definida desde el punto de vista etiológico, como una patología multifactorial, donde la placa bacteriana actúa como agente principal y otros factores, de riesgo o predisponentes, actúan contribuyendo a aumentar las probabilidades del individuo de contraer la patología. En nuestro estudio se encontró que a pesar de que la frecuencia más alta de consumo (más de 2 veces al día), el tiempo de consumo (entre 1 a 5 años) y la forma de consumo más usada (el cigarrillo) se evidenció que la mayoría de pacientes presentaban un nivel de adherencia clínica promedio leve, moderado, ausencia de bolsa periodontal, sangrado gingival, movilidad dentaria y compromiso de furca, además el nivel de higiene oral fue regular. Por lo tanto no se puede asegurar que la marihuana ocasione directamente daños sobre el tejido periodontal, sino que existen otros factores que contribuyen a la modificación de los resultados. Palabras clave: Drogas, consumidores, marihuana, adicción, enfermedad periodontal. / Objective: To determine the consumption of marijuana and clinical features of periodontal tissue in patients of the Rehabilitation Center "Fuente de Agua Viva." Material and Methods: Descriptive and transversal. The sample consisted of 60 patients of the Rehabilitation Center "Fuente de Agua Viva” whose ages ranged from 18 to 50 years. Results: We found that the highest frequency of consumption of marijuana was more than 2 times a day, time of consumption between 1 to 5 years and the consumption of cigarettes was used. The largest number of patients had no periodontal pocket (86.7%) and gingival bleeding (51.7%) but a slight degree of adherence clinic (60%) and moderate (33.3%). Besides the 96.7% showed no commitment to furca; the 96.7% had no dental mobility, the 81.7% presented gingival, gingival recession, the 78.3% and 63.3% of patients a level of regular oral hygiene. Conclusion: Periodontal disease has been defined in terms of etiology, as a multifactorial disease, where plaque acts as master and other factors, or predisposing risk, helping to improve the act of the individual probabilities of contracting the disease. Our study found that although the highest frequency of consumption (more than 2 times a day), time of consumption (between 1 to 5 years) and the most widely used form of consumption (smoking) demonstrated that Most patients had an average level of adherence clinic mild, moderate, absence of periodontal pockets, gingival bleeding, tooth mobility and furcation commitment to further the level of oral hygiene was regular. Therefore there is no assurance that marijuana causes direct damage to periodontal tissues, but there are other factors contributing to the change in the results. Keywords: Drug consumers, marijuana addiction, periodontal disease.

doctora en psicología / La presente investigación cualitativa estudia la vivencia del tiempo en los jóvenes consumidores abusivos de marihuana, dado el alto consumo en la adolescencia, etapa decisiva en la configuración del proyecto futuro. Nuestro objetivo es ver cómo se evidencia en su biografía la relación entre el pasado y los proyectos futuros, a través de metas y acciones, así como su capacidad de anticiparse. Nuestro concepto rector es la capacidad de “anticipación” desarrollado por Jean Sutter (1956), psiquiatra francés de orientación fenomenológica. Si bien para ello se revisó lo que nos dice la psicología al respecto, nos apoyamos fuertemente en la filosofía, en especial en la corriente fenomenológica, pues ésta nos entrega una reflexión muy acabada y profunda de la vivencia del tiempo en el ser humano, resaltando la preeminencia que tiene el futuro dentro de la dimensión de la temporalidad (pasado-presente-futuro). La información se obtuvo del análisis de autobiografías de jóvenes consumidores a través del método fenomenológicohermenéutico desarrollado por Linseth, basado en Ricoeur. Los resultados revelan, que en las biografías la dimensión temporal del pasado se caracteriza por descripciones pobres. El presente es donde más se explayan, describiendo sus gustos y cómo se visualizan, pero mostrando falta de claridad en sus intereses. En el futuro vemos ausencia de referencias, como si éste no estuviese ligado al pretérito, como si no existiese conciencia sobre el hecho de que las posibilidades que se abren o cierran en el futuro son dependientes de lo que se hace en el presente. Por lo tanto se analizó la vivencia de la temporalidad a través del concepto de anticipación de Sutter y de la concepción filosófica fenomenológica (Heidegger, Ortega y Ricoeur) sobre temporalidad que contemplan al futuro como categoría esencial y determinante de la vida. Nosotros pensamos que es de interés conocer e investigar cómo se manifiesta esta capacidad en los jóvenes escolares que consumen habitualmente marihuana, dado que dicha sustancia tiene efectos en el lóbulo prefrontal y en el hipocampo, zonas cerebrales relacionadas con la capacidad de planificar las tareas (función ejecutiva) y con la memoria. Por último, se espera con esta investigación aportar al estudio y comprensión del fenómeno de la temporalidad como categoría existencial fundamental del ser humano, y a su vez que se conozca, comprenda y se pueda hacer uso de los conceptos de temporalidad y anticipación, que por lo general se manejan solo en el plano teórico y poco en el clínico

The aim of this thesis is to sum up the information connected with marijuana and cannabis topic in relation to their effects, use and misuse. At the beginning of my research three hypotheses have been determined . They have been based on the electronic questionnaires which have been answered by respondents in lower secondary schools. The results of my thesis are shown in its applied part. According to the questionnaire the first hypothesis has been confirmed. 17,68 % of survey participants have tried marijuana at least once in their lives. The second hypothesis has not been taken to be true, because although there is a prevention in primary schools, it doesn't provide pupils ' awareness of this problem completely. The third hypothesis has been proved false as well, because more than 50 % of the respondents said that they have already learnt about cannabis in Science. Key words: marijuana, hemp drugs, cannabis, Cannabis sativa

This paper presents an example of price discrimination on the market for marijuana in northern Bohemia in 2006. First, a model for a multifirm market is built, with emphasis on the existence of two types of firms and two qualities good offered. It is shown that in the case of a dealer of two qualities of marijuana there is an incentive to raise the price of the more expensive quality and reduce the price of the cheaper. Using econometric estimates, price discrimination is found in accordance with the predictions of the model in the amount of about 50 crowns per gram.

Presenta la investigación acerca de la relación del consumo de cannabis con la calidad de vida en grupo de jóvenes de la Perla alta, Callao. Tratando de identificar el nivel de consumo y los niveles de la calidad de vida en la muestra. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, ya que, se demostró la relación de las variables evaluadas en un mismo momento. Por otro lado, se usaron las pruebas del CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test) y el test de Escala de Calidad de Vida. Como resultados, se obtuvo una correlación negativa y significativa en los ítems de vida familiar y familia extensa (-.52) / In this work was realized an investigation on the relationship of cannabis use to the quality of life in youth group in Perla Alta, Callao. Trying to identify the level of consumption and levels of quality of life in the sample. A study was descriptive correlational because was demonstrated by relating them. On the other hand, evidence of CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test) and test Quality of Life Scale were used. As a result, a significant negative correlation was obtained in the items of family life and extended family (-.52) / Tesis

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