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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Bäverhyddors påverkan på vattenlevande evertebrater / Effects of beaver hut on aquatic invertebrateabundance

Leickt, Evelina January 2013 (has links)
Genom sin aktivitet med dammbygge och trädfällning skapar bävern produktiva våtmarker med hög diversitet. Man har funnit att vid bäverns dammkonstruktion var artantalet närmare dubbelt så stort jämfört med i dammen och i det rinnande vattnet i bäcken. Ibland väljer bävern att inte dämma upp vattendragen, utan bygger en hydda längs med strandkanten, något som också kan gynna många arter (Törnblom & Henrikson 2011). Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur själva bäverhyddan, byggd intill strandkanten, påverkar förekomsten av vattenlevande evertebrater. Provtagning på vattenlevande evertebrater har gjorts intill bäverhyddor byggda intill strandkanten, samt uppströms och nedströms varje bäverhydda. Statistiska uträkningar har sedan gjort på insamlad data för att se om det råder någon skillnad i antal individer, antal organismgrupper och diversitetsindex mellan bäverhyddan, uppströms och nedströms. Resultatet visar att det fanns en skillnad i antalet individer mellan hyddan, uppströms och nedströms. Det rådde ingen skillnad i antalet olika organismgrupper eller i diversitetsindex. Vattentemperaturens roll och skyddet som ansamlingen av grenar bidrar med är två aspekter som diskuteras som bidragande faktorer till det förhöjda individantalet vid bäverhyddan. Skillnaden i artsammansättning och artantal mellan bäverdammar och bäverhyddor byggda intill strandkanten är något annat som också diskuteras. / The activity of beavers creates productive wetlands with high biodiversity. A previous study found that dam constructions of beavers contribute to a higher number of aquatic invertebrate species compared to upstream and downstream sites. In some cases beavers build their hut along the shore without damming up the water flow (Törnblom & Henrikson 2011). This report is intended to determine how the beaver hut affects the abundance of water living invertebrates.Sampling at the beaver hut, upstream and downstream, of water living invertebrates was performed. To determine differences in individual number, species number and diversity index between the sites statistical calculation was performed. The results show a difference in individual numbers between beaver huts and downstream and upstream sites and the individual number was higher at the beaver hut than the two other sites. No difference in number of species or diversity index was found. The higher temperature of the water and more nutrition is two aspects that are discussed as contributing factor to the higher number of individuals near the hut. The difference in species and species number between a beaver dam and a beaver hut build long side the shore is also discussed.
142

From theory to practice : composition and analysis in Marin Mersenne's Harmonie universelle /

Hoegberg, Elisabeth Honn. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005. / Computer printout. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: A, page: 0404. Chair: Frank Samarotto. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 407-419), abstract, and vita.
143

Finns det något samband mellan stormusslors (unionoida) föryngring och utsläpp i närheten av dess levnadsmiljö? : en jämförelse mellan vattendrag i Västra Götaland

Larsson, Maria January 2008 (has links)
<p>Common species of freshwater mussels may, like the freshwater pearl mussel (<em>Margaritifera margaritifera</em>) have a drastic decline in number and there is several reasons, like sedimentation, a decline of host fishes, introduction of alien species, nutrition leakages from agriculture and pollutants of medic drugs and poison. Ann Gustavsson made in the year of 2007 a study over rejuventation of freshwater great mussels in nine watersystems and considered that the rejuventation within the populations were all along the line poor. This study orients from her work and points to determine if there is a connection between the poor juventation and pollution of nitrogen and phosphorous from industries and private sanitations. The study was performed with the software program ArcGIS9.2 to take out drainage areas for the concerned habitats and contact was made with the concerned authoritys. When it comes to supervision of private sanitations is it the countys and for industries is it the county administrative board. Most of the countys had a very difficult way to reach their data of the private sanitations and those who had data had great holes in their knowledge in them. The greatest emission of nitrogen was without doubt the industries, but a more even allocation could be seen in the pollution of phosphourus, where the industries and the private sanitations stood for about fifty- fifty of the pollution. The greatest emission of nitrogen and phosphourus happened in Viskan, in the drainage area for Lekvad,there it was a lack of mussels. The species of <em>Anodonta anatina </em>showed a strong positive correlation between emission of nitrogen and phosphourus with the way of juvenile mussels in the population. More studies is need to do in these areas, both when it comes to continuing mapping of rejuventation within the freshwater great mussels in several waters and template value for pollution of nitrogen and phosphourus, that is very doubtful today. Even studies concerning other factors, like predation, host fishes and the influence of poison and medic drugs is needing to do, as it is few studies concerning this today.</p>
144

Miniature Wave Energy Converter (WEC)

Salar, Dana January 2018 (has links)
Abstract     In this project, I present a design of a scale model of a linear generator (LG) similar to a full size Wave Energy Converter (WEC) being developed at Uppsala University since 2002 and commercialized by Seabased AB. The purpose of a WEC is to convert the energy from ocean waves into electrical energy. In order to implement the behaviour of the prototype design, a preliminary study has been done to further build it for use in education, laboratory tests and research. The challenge with this project is to scale down the WEC but maintain the shape, appearance and characteristics of the generator for educational purposes. A miniature version of a WEC, previously developed by Uppsala University in collaboration with Seabased Industry AB, has been designed with scaling rate 1:14 of the linear dimensions. In this case, the value of the output power is not important- it has simply been calculated. The electrical rated parameters of the three phase generator are power  26 W,  peak line-line voltage  13 V and  rated armature current  2 A. The mechanical parameters utilized in the design are the total length and the diameter of the miniature WEC, 50 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The simulated prototype model (described in Section 5.4) has been validated with an experimental setup comprising translator and stator (described in Section 5.1), where the translator is moved by a programmed industrial robot. The experimental results have shown good agreement with the simulations.
145

Patterns in adaptive developmental biology and symbioses of small-sized deep-sea chemosymbiotic mussels (Bathymodiolinae) / Aspects adaptatifs de la biologie du développement et des symbioses chimiosynthétiques chez les petites moules Bathymodiolinae de l'Océan profond

Laming, Sven 24 September 2014 (has links)
Plusieurs habitats de l'Océan profond sont caractérisés par la présence de composés chimiques réduits. Les communautés benthiques prospèrent dans ces "habitats réducteurs", en raison de liens trophiques avec des bactéries chimiosynthétiques, qui tirent l'énergie de donneurs (sulfures, hydrocarbures) et accepteurs (O2) d'électrons. Les moules bathymodiolines sont un taxon clé dans ces habitats. À l'âge adulte, presque toutes possèdent des bactéries symbiotiques, mais les données sont rares concernant leur cycle de vie. Cette recherche explore la biologie de la reproduction, le développement et la nutrition dans le cycle de vie des espèces Idas modiolaeformis et "I." simpsoni. Les analyses anatomiques, histologiques et moléculaires à divers stades du développement sont associées à des observations in vivo. Une comparaison est proposée entre ces espèces. Chez les deux, les post-larves n'ont pas de symbiotes, suggérant des larves strictement hétérotrophes. L'infection par les symbiotes est environnementale, extracellulaire et initialement non-spécifique, se restreignant aux surfaces latéro-abfrontales des filaments branchiaux chez les adultes. La maturation est rapide, de même que la transition de l'hétérotrophie à la mixotrophie chimiosymbiotique: les symbioses, l'alimentation par filtration, et la rétention d'un système digestif complet coïncident. Les différences entre espèces et habitats sont discutées dans le contexte de leur évidente réussite évolutive à s'adapter aux habitats réduits et éphémères de l'Océan profond. / An array of deep-sea habitats are characterised by thermo- and/or biogenic production of chemically reduced compounds. Benthic communities thrive at these ‘reducing habitats’, due to trophic links to free-living and symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria which derive energy from electron donors (sulphides, hydrocarbons) and acceptors (O2), at reduction-oxidation boundaries. The bathymodiolin mytilids (sensu lato) are a keystone taxon in these habitats; all-but-one species host gill-associated symbiotic Gammaproteobacteria as adults, but data are scarce on the remaining lifecycle, particularly at organic falls. To understand how mussels are adapted to these habitats, this research characterises the reproductive, developmental and nutritional lifecycle biology of two species, Idas modiolaeformis and I. simpsoni. Anatomical, histological and molecular analyses on post-larval-to-adult size spectra are complemented with live observations. Contrasting and converging aspects of their biology and symbioses are presented. In both species, aposymbiotic post-larvae confirm strict, larval heterotrophy. While still very small, environmental symbiont infection is extracellular and initially non-specific, becoming progressively isolated to latero-abfrontal gill surfaces in adults. Maturation is rapid, in parallel with a transition from heterotrophy to chemosymbiotic mixotrophy: symbioses, filter-feeding, and the retention of a complete gut are observed simultaneously. Interspecific and habitat differences are discussed in the context of both species’ evident evolutionary success in adapting to ephemeral, chemically reduced habitats in the deep sea.
146

Interactions entre les virus, les flagellés et les bactéries au sein du réseau microbien planctonique du bassin de Marennes-Oléron / Interactions between virus, flagellates and bacteria within the planktonic microbial food web of Marennes-Oléron Bay

Ory, Pascaline 28 April 2010 (has links)
L’importance des compartiments microbiens dans le fonctionnement trophique et biogéochimique des écosystèmes marins a amené à nous poser les objectifs suivants : caractérisation des virus, des bactéries et des flagellés et de leurs interactions dans le bassin de Marennes Oléron. Différentes approches ont été suivies : 1) une approche in situ avec des suivis mensuels (2006 et 2007) a permis de caractériser les dynamiques des compartiments microbiens et situer leur place dans le fonctionnement général du bassin en comparaison avec celui d’Arcachon. La succession des modes de fonctionnement trophique suggère l’importance du réseau microbien dans ces bassins. A Marennes, spatialement homogène, le lien établi entre le bactérioplancton et le virioplancton varie selon une échelle interannuelle et saisonnière modulé par un lien ponctuel entre les virus avec le phytoplancton. 2) une approche in vitro a permis de cibler les processus régissant les dynamiques des virus, des flagellés et de bactéries ainsi que leurs interactions. Les impacts de la bactériolyse virale et de la bactérivorie ont été étudiés suivant différents facteurs de variabilité : périodes trophiques, pression de prédation et influence d’apports benthiques. De manière générale, la composition des communautés bactériennes, par la sensibilité de certains groupes, est influencée par la lyse virale et la bactérivorie. La production bactérienne, elle, varie suivant le mode trophique, stimulée en période de type herbivore par la présence des flagellés alors qu’en période de multivorie ils entrainent une perte d’au moins 16% de la production quotidienne. Enfin, la remise en suspension du biofilm benthique lors d’une phase de marée tend à stimuler l’activité globale de la boucle microbienne. / Planktonic microbial compartments are important in the trophic and biogeochemical functioning of marine ecosystems. This assessment brought us to place these objectives: characterization of virus, bacteria and flagellate compartments and their interactions in Marennes-Oléron Bay (France). Two different approaches have been followed: 1) In situ annual surveys were performed in 2006 and 2007 in order to characterize microbial compartments dynamics and to place them within the bay functioning, compared to Arcachon Bay. The succession of trophic models implied the importance of the microbial food web in both bays. In Marennes Oléron Bay, spatially homogeneous, large inter annual and inter seasonal variations are observed considering the strength of the common link between virioplankton and bacterioplankton. These variations are related to the occurrence of an occasional interaction of phytoplankton. 2) In vitro experiments allow to focus on the processes controlling the dynamics of viruses, flagellates and bacteria and their interactions. The impacts of viral bacteriolysis and flagellate bacterivory are assessed considering environmental variability factors: trophic models, predation pressure and influence of benthic contribution. The bacterial community composition is always influenced by viral lysis and bacterivory due to the sensitivity of bacterial groups. However, bacterial cellular production evolves differently with a stimulation by flagellates during herbivorous food web while bacterivory induces daily production loss of 16% during multivorous food web. Finally, the resuspension of benthic organic components during tide phase tends to increase the microbial loop activity.
147

Load Bearing Structural Elements of Glulam in Marine Environment : A literature and case study / Bärande konstruktionselement av limträ i marin miljö : En litteratur- och fallstudie

Karin, Abrahamsson January 2020 (has links)
This thesis discusses the possibilities of using glued laminated timber as load bearing structural elements in structures in close vicinity of saltwater. Glued laminated timber, also referred to as glulam, is a refined timber product constructed of timber lamellae that are glued together. The thesis contains a literature study and a case study that covers glulam beams in a pedestrian jetty located on the Swedish west coast. The literature study addresses wood in relation to moisture, the effects that salt may have on wood in a marine environment, wood decaying mechanisms and suitable wood preservatives to prevent decay. The literature study also covers glulam as a material and the possibilities of wood pressure impregnation. A method of estimating the service life of timber elements is also discussed.   The results of the literature study were applied in a case study of a specific case, to explore the possibility of replacing the current steel beams of the structure with glulam beams. From the case study, the strength and deflection of the prospective glulam beams were calculated. Service life of the prospective glulam beams was estimated based on the environment they would be exposed to. An analysis of the market for glulam products in Sweden was also performed to find out what dimensions and wood impregnation classes are available.   The results of the literature study show that glulam can be used as main load bearing elements in a marine environment, given that the structure is placed above sea level. Salt water does not affect the wood, rather it works as a wood preservative and gives some protection against rot. However, the structure is subjected to high moisture content and pressure impregnation is necessary. The high moisture content also affects the mechanical properties of the wood as the strength and stiffness of glulam decrease with increasing moisture content. Creep of the material is also affected as it increases with increased moisture content.   Regarding strength and deflection, the results of the case study show that glulam beams available on the Swedish market are of sufficient dimensions to be used. Regarding service life, the case study showed that the estimated service life of the glulam beams is only 19 years, but the service life required is 50 years. The current structure design with prospective glulam beams does not meet the requirements for durability of the material. However, suitable design changes regarding wood moisture protection could increase service life of the glulam beams. / Denna rapport behandlar möjligheterna till att använda tryckimpregnerat limträ som huvudbärverk i konstruktioner i nära anslutning till saltvatten. Limträ är en träprodukt bestående av trälameller som limmats samman till större träelement. Rapporten består av en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie som behandlar limträbalkar i en promenadbrygga belägen på den svenska västkusten. Litteraturstudien avhandlar trä i förhållande till fukt, eventuell påverkan av salt i en marin miljö, nedbrytningsmekanismer för trä samt lämpliga träskydd för att förhindra nedbrytning. Litteraturstudien behandlar även limträ som material och möjligheterna till tryckimpregnering. En metod för att uppskatta livslängden av trä diskuteras också.    Resultaten från litteraturstudien applicerades i en fallstudie för ett specifikt fall, för att undersöka möjligheterna att ersätta den nuvarande konstruktionens stålbalkar med limträbalkar. Utifrån fallstudien beräknades hållfastheten och nedböjningen av de tilltänkta limträbalkarna. Livslängden på de tilltänkta limträbalkarna uppskattades baserat på den miljö de skulle komma att utsättas för. En analys av marknaden av tryckimpregnerade limträprodukter i Sverige genomfördes också för att se vilka dimensioner och tryckimpregneringsklasser som finns att tillgå.   Resultatet från litteraturstudien visar att limträ kan användas som huvudbärverk för marina konstruktioner med kravet att konstruktionen placeras ovanför vattenytan. Saltvatten påverkar inte träet negativt utan verkar snarare som träskydd mot röta. Dock utsätts konstruktionen för hög fuktkvot och måste därför tryckimpregneras. Det höga fuktinnehållet påverkar även de mekaniska egenskaperna av träet då hållfastheten och styvheten av limträet minskar med ökande fuktkvot. Krypningen av träet påverkas också, då krypning ökar med ökad fuktkvot.   Med avseende på hållfasthet och nedböjning visade resultatet av fallstudien att tryckimpregnerat limträ som kan erhållas från den svenska marknaden är av tillräckliga dimensioner för att kunna användas. Avseende livslängd visade fallstudien att den undersökta konstruktionens estimerade livslängd endast är 19 år. Dock är den erfordrade livslängden för träkonstruktionen 50 år. Dagens konstruktion möter inte kraven på materialets varaktighet, men längre livslängd skulle kunna erhållas genom lämpliga designändringar avseende limträbalkars skydd mot fukt.
148

Mikroplasters miljöpåverkningar i Sverige : En granskning över de marina ekosystemen och hur olika arter påverkas av mikroplaster / Microplastics environmental impact in Sweden : A review of marine ecosystems and how different species are affected by microplastics

Touma, Lisa January 2021 (has links)
I denna rapport får läsaren en övergripande bild över hur mikroplaster påverkar de internationella och svenska marina ekosystemen med en fördjupning på fem olika marina djurarter (torsk, sill, räkor, musslor och plankton). Vid framtagande av fakta och information kommer källor från olika relevanta vetenskapliga artiklar, rapporter samt myndigheter användas. På grund av att medvetenheten om mikroplaster i marina miljöer har ökat markant under de senaste 40 åren, har nya miljöproblem upptäckts av utsläppen. Många olika djur i näringskedjan påverkas negativt av mikroplastutsläppen genom exempelvis beteendeförändringar, svält, förgiftning, näringsbrist och andra problem i matsmältningssystemen. Mikroplasterna leder möjligtvis till bioackumulation, men inte biomagnifikation i näringskedjorna i de marina ekosystemen. För att minska mängden mikroplasterkan bland annat Sverige byta ut plastpellets på konstgräsanläggningar, använda filter vid tvättning, använda hållbara däck och göra starkare vägar, använda sediment på bottnen vid dammar, använda galler, filter och slam i vattenreningsverk, granska mikroplaster i jord och minska slamgödsel, samla upp skräp vid kuster och i havsbottnen, samt inte använda mikroplaster i kosmetiska produkter.
149

HYDRODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-ELEMENT TRAWL-DOOR SHAPES USING LOCAL SURROGATE MODELS AND ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLABLE TRAWL-DOOR SHAPES

Juliusson, Magnus January 2013 (has links)
The study is motivated by the quest to lower the fuel consumption of trawlers and reduce green house gas emissions. Conventional trawl-doors contribute to about one third of the trawlers fuel consumption. Design and optimization of trawl-doors using computational models is vital in minimizing the fuel consumption.The main objective of this work is to develope an optimization algorithm for the shape design of trawl-doors using computational uid dynamic (CFD) models. High-fidelity CFD models are computationally expensive and therefore, conventional optimization methods, which often require large number of evaluations are not feasible. The proposed method is iterative and uses local second order response surface approximation models of the high-fidelity CFD model, constructed in each iteration. The RSA are constructed locally and are regenerated at each iteration in new domain. We use a trust region mechanism to move the center of the search domain and to increase or decrease the size ofthe search domain. This reduces the number of evaluations. We propose novel shaped trawl-door shapes and investigate their performance. These shapes are similar to multi-element airfoils on aircraft i.e., airfoil shapes with slats and flaps. We apply the proposed optimization algorithm to the novel-shaped design of two-dimensional multi-element trawl-door shapes with several design variables controlling the slat and flap positions and alignment. The objective is to increase the hydrodynamic efficiency for a given lift constraint. The results are then compared to the performance of a typical trawl-door shape. The results indicate that a satisfactory design can be obtained at the cost of few iterations of the algorithm. We also investigate controllable trawl-doors where the flap angle can be varied, depending on the operational condition.
150

Consequences of Magnetic Properties in Stainless Steel for a High-efficiency Wave Power Generator / Konsekvenser av magnetiska egenskaper i rostfritt stål för en hög-effektiv vågkraftsgenerator

Sheikh Abdi, Mohamed, Gebresilassie, Yosef January 2018 (has links)
A new kind of wave power generator is being developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technology which potentially can reach an efficiency of 98 %. However, this generator’s small air gap sets strict requirements on the stiffness of the structure to withstand the large magnetic forces. The structure, therefore, need to be both stiff and non-magnetic. To tackle that problem austenitic stainless steel will be used. Then again, austenitic stainless steel tends to become slightly magnetic because of impurities and mechanical stress. The purpose of this report is to study the magnetic properties of the austenitic stainless steel and observe how mechanical stress can change their properties. Moreover, economic and environmental aspects considering the use and production of the steel are studied. Two experiments were applied to measure the magnetic properties, using an LCR-meter and an electrical circuit with a current amplifier. Both methods showed that mechanical stress will result in changing the magnetic property of austenitic stainless steel. Some steel types were less affected by the mechanical stress applied leading to the conclusion that they are more effective when placed near the generator’s air gap. Regarding sustainable development, it is uncertain to determine the impact the generator has on the environment, mainly because of the steel types manufacturing process is unknown. On the contrary, the maintenance costs of the generator are predicted to be low and if the prototype fulfills the efficiency expectations it will have a huge impact on the future of wave power technology. / En ny typ av vågkraftsgenerator utvecklas på KTH som potentiellt kan uppnå en verkningsgrad på 98%. Denna generators lilla luftgap ställer dock strikta krav på strukturens styvhet för att stå emot de stora magnetiska krafterna. Strukturen måste därför vara både styv och icke-magnetisk. För att ta itu med det problemet kommer austenitiskt rostfritt stål att användas. Sedan tenderar austenitiskt rostfritt stål att bli något magnetiskt på grund av föroreningar och mekanisk stress. Syftet med denna rapport är att studera austenitiskt rostfritt ståls magnetiska egenskaper och observera hur mekanisk stress kan förändra deras egenskaper. Dessutom studeras ekonomiska och miljömässiga aspekter som beaktar stålets användning och produktion. Två experiment utfördes för att mäta de magnetiska egenskaperna, med användning av en LCR-mätare och en elektrisk krets med en strömförstärkare. Båda metoderna visade att mekanisk stress kommer att leda till förändring av den magnetiska egenskapen hos austenitiskt rostfritt stål. Vissa ståltyper påverkades mindre av den mekaniska påfrestningen som ledde till slutsatsen att de är mer effektiva när de placeras nära generatorns luftgap. När det gäller hållbar utveckling är det osäkert att bestämma vilken påverkan generatorn har på miljön, främst på grund av att detrostfria stålets tillverkningsprocess är okänd. Tvärtom förmodas att underhållskostnaderna för generatorn komme vara låga och om prototypen uppfyller effektivitetsförväntningarna kommer det att ha en stor inverkan på framtiden för vågkrafttekniken.

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