Marion Island is a sub-Antarctic volcanic island with a cold, wet climate. Much of the interior of the island is bare, with vegetation only found at lower altitudes. No soil classification has yet been undertaken for the Island, and literature on its soils and pedogenesis is sparse. As part of a broader research project on Geomorphology and Climate Change the morphological, physical, chemical, mineralogical and biological properties of soils from seven terrestrial habitats on Marion Island were analysed. It was determined that pedogenesis has taken place on Marion Island. A relationship was observed between soils and terrestrial habitats. Soils were classified according to the World Reference Base (WRB) soil classification system as Histosols, Histic Andosols, Andosols and Regosols. Generalised soil profiles were constructed for each of the seven terrestrial habitats. The spatial distributions of soil types for the Island were predicted with the use of a GIS model and are presented, together with the implications of climate change for pedogenesis and soil distribution on Marion Island. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MSc / Unrestricted

This study aims to uncover the synoptic weather circulation pattern which is associated with the occurrence of needle ice, snowfall and the zero-curtain effect. The method of study was done through an intensive ground climate measurement campaign from April 2008 to May 2009 with a temperature logger installed throughout the recording period. Results from data analyses indicate that the complex changes in climate parameters may lead to an equally complex response in terms of spatial soil frost dynamics and its direct and indirect effects on soil sediment displacement and ecosystem dynamics. Field evidence in the study suggests that on Marion Island needle ice developed in temperatures as high as -0.2 ºC in strong winds. This confirms that the wet environment of Marion Island, which is dominated by diurnal soil frost is fundamentally different from seasonal frost and permafrost environments. The scoria material is susceptible to needle ice growth and the compacted soil alters the micro-climatology of the affected area making it more susceptible to the formation of needle ice. Soil moisture for needle ice formation and growth is provided by the misty conditions associated with the advent of the cold front (pre-cyclonic). Furthermore, observations of needle ice on Marion show that needles are mostly clear with no sediment inclusion. This is indicative of needle ice formation that has not been interrupted by a shortage of moisture. The zero-curtain effect on Marion Island can occur either as a response to the thawing of the soil after the seasonal freeze. The synoptic assessment of snowfall on Marion Island indicates that; snowfall is associated with the passage of a cold front linked to a strong meridional system of low pressure just south of the island.

The standing crop of the copepod G. b. thomasi Forbes in Marion Lake, B. C, has been recorded during 1966 and 1967. These copepods excysted as stage IV copepodids during April and moulted to adults, which produced eggs in May. The new population developed to the copepodid IV stage by mid-summer, when 85 % of the animals returned to the bottom and encysted. The copepodids of stage IV and V and the adults are predators. In the laboratory, six groups of animals were presented separately to the predator, which preyed most efficiently on cyclopoid nauplii and copepodids, diaptomid nauplii and rotifers; and least efficiently on diaptomid copepodids and cladocera. In the lake, the forms least affected by cyclopoid predation were also the diaptomid copepodids and cladocera. There was a correlation between C. b. thomasi encystment and food shortage, which suggests that food shortage may stimulate encystment of stage IV copepodids. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The macroscopic bottom fauna of Marion Lake, British Columbia, was investigated from May, 1963 to September, 1964. The primary object was to document seasonal differences within and between specific populations and to interpret these difference in terms of the life histories of the species and their availability to a predator, rainbow trout. A detailed examination of the 51 species of Chironomidae known to occur in the lake has shown that the ecological characteristics of many of the closely related species are very different. Small species generally fed primarily on phytoplankton while the larger species ate more detritus and organic debris or other invertebrates. Predaceous species had more uniform distributions in the lake than did herbivores or detritus feeders. Most species of the subfamily Orthocladinae emerged in spring or fall and grew rapidly during the winter. The species of Chironominae and Tanypodinae usually emerged during the spring and summer and grew very little during the winter. Summer emerging Chironominae emerged later over deep water whereas the Tanypodinae emerged at much the same time above all depths. Larvae which underwent frequent vertical migrations had a higher mortality rate and were found more frequently in the stomachs of rainbow trout than larvae which rarely or never migrated. Many of the benthic organisms were not effectively utilized by rainbow trout. Organisms which numerically constituted approximately 1.5% of the benthic fauna accounted for more than 50% of the food items found in the trout stomachs. Large forms, such as the Odonata and Trichoptera and species which frequently moved off the bottom, formed the bulk of the food; small species and some of the species which were entirely benthic were rare or absent in the trout stomachs analyzed. This study has shown some of the advantages of working at the species level. Although studies at this level are tedious and often necessitate a time consuming taxonomic study, the additional information is likely to justify the extra effort. The results of ecological investigations that are not carried out at the species level ignore, or at best oversimplify, relationships that exist. Indeed, a comprehensive understanding of, for example, energy transfer within a community, is impossible without a detailed knowledge of the life histories of the species involved. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

In this study, hypervariable region I (HVRI) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, and five microsatellite loci were used to assess genetic variability and the extent of hybridization between the two fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis and A. gazella), that occur on Sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Both species were harvested during the 18th and 19th centuries, leading to a reduction in population size and the extinction of A. gazella at some localities. Whilst both species have recovered and are increasing in size, it is not clear to what extent sealing has affected genetic variation, although a more pronounced effect would be expected for A. gazella, given the more intensive harvesting of this species. The current study confirmed this hypothesis and revealed that A. gazella had a nucleotide diversity of 2.9 % whilst for A. tropicalis it was 4.2 %, across the HRVI mtDNA region sequenced. For microsatellite DNA, genetic variation in A. tropicalis was higher than in A. gazella in terms of the total number of alleles detected and the level of heterozygosity (HE=0.875, HO=0.845, mean number of alleles=13.6 and HE=0.799, HO=0.781, mean number of alleles=13, respectively). Diversity in both species is among the highest recorded in pinnipeds to date, and suggests that sealing did not overly affect the levels of genetic variation in these species. In terms of population structure, A. tropicalis show a high level of population structure, as indicated by the ΦST of 0.32 between Marion and Gough Island. Furthermore, the A. tropicalis haplotype tree comprising individuals from Marion, Iles Crozet, Gough, and Amsterdam islands, recovered three divergent evolutionary lineages with bootstrap values of 86% and 98%, for two of these lineages, indicating strong genetic structure and independent evolution. Shared haplotypes between Marion and other islands confirmed genetic exchanges, whilst the grouping of Marion and Gough Islands together is indicative of regular migration between these two islands. For A. gazella, the haplotype tree recovered numerous instances of grouping of individuals from Marion and Bouvetøya Islands confirming the hypothesis Bouvetøya is likely source of immigrants to Marion Island. This was further confirmed by low population differentiation between these two islands (FST = 0.062 and ΦST of 0.08). The level of hybridization between these species was low at Marion Island with only one hybrid being detected among the 134 animals for which mtDNA data were generated, corresponding to 0.75%. The same individual was identified as a hybrid, following microsatellite profiling of 146 animals, corresponding to a hybridization estimate of 0.68 %. This hybrid individual was classified phenotypically as A. gazella and genotypically was shown to have A. tropicalis ancestry. This level of hybridization is low compared to the other islands where the two species co-occur. However as the samples used in this study were primarily collected from species-specific sites, this may be an underestimate, and the studies focusing on sites where they are known to occur symaptrically, may yield higher estimates. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

Thesis advisor: John Baldovin / Traditionally, Church teaching has examined the Eucharist in metaphysical terms (‘what is it?’: substance, presence, and causality) and its liturgical celebration as a sacrifice (a re-presentation of Christ’s self-sacrifice on the cross). Prompted by Vatican II’s exhortation to the faithful for ‘full, conscious, active participation’ in the liturgy (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium 14, 27, 30), this dissertation re-interprets the Eucharistic liturgy and participants’ role in it through the root metaphor of gift: a gift of desire, which impacts participants’ desires, relationships, and selfhood. It proposes a ‘relational approach’ to the Eucharist by asking: What is going on ‘relationally’ in the Eucharistic celebration? How might the Eucharist impact our desire, relations, identity? How does or ought the liturgy of the Eucharist concern relationships between the participants and others? What specifically does the Church celebrate in its liturgy of the Eucharist? Louis-Marie Chauvet’s ‘symbolic exchange’ model of the Eucharistic Prayer, when put in conversation with both Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of gift and René Girard’s mimetic theory, yields an understanding of the Eucharist as God’s gracious and scandalous gift of divine desire. The gift is gracious as an embodied expression of divine love, and also scandalous as it challenges recipients’ autonomy with a radical call to charity demanding an existential response. This dissertation upholds Christ’s self-gift as the ultimate decision to love in a perfect reversal of sacrificial violence, which Christians are called to imitate. It emphasizes the liturgy’s structure as a dynamic event of being encountered by God’s gift of himself and reception of this gift through particular responses. This understanding aims to re-appropriate traditional Catholic teaching on the Eucharist in more contemporary terms. It aims to explain how ‘fully conscious and active participation’ in the sacred mysteries occurs, that liturgy and life may be more richly interrelated. / Thesis (STD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

Pacific Northwest ferruginous bauxite deposits have formed in four main areas of northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington by laterization of flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). The deposits, averaging 36.3% Al2O3 , 31.8% Fe2O3 , and 5.9% Sio2, generally occur near the surface of hilltops in gently rolling areas. Two very different views have been advanced regarding the setting in which the deposits have formed. The first hypothesis calls for a blanket-type laterization by erosion of much of the original deposit upon uplift and dissection of the area.

Marion Zimmer Bradley's novel The Mists of Avalon is different from the usual episodic versions of the Arthurian legend in that it has the structural unity that the label "novel" implies. The narrative is set in fifth-century Britain, a time of religious conflict between Christianity and the native religions of Britain, especially the Mother Goddess cult. Bradley pulls elements from the Arthurian legend and fits them into this context of religious struggle for influence. She draws interesting family relationships which are closely tied to Avalon, the center of Goddess worship. The author also places the major events during Arthur's reign into the religious setting. The Grail's appearance at Camelot and the subsequent events led to the end of the religious struggle, for Christianity emerged victorious.

In the transition to a fully integrated database at Marion College in Marion, Indiana, data elements needed more rigorous definitions both in terms of the relationships existing between data elements and attributes assigned to each between files. This data dictionary was thenused to access the attributes of each data element and the links existing and verify data elements within the database to locate illegal and inconsistent data items. From this data verification, weaknesses in procedures and software for loading information into the database were discovered and corrected.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This thesis will present information on the economic feasibility of rehabilitating an older building into office and living space. Data will show that the outlined rehabilitation project can be carried out at a lower dollar cost than new construction for a comparable amount of useable floor space.The rehabilitation project outlined in this thesis had to meet the following criteria. The current owners proposed future use of the building. All proposed modifications to the structure had to meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation to take fullest advantage of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, and local building and zoning regulations. Rehabilitation of the building must provide the owner with enough income to completely off-set the total cost of the project within a ten year period. All of the proposed work on the building would have to meet the current owner's desire to retain as much of the building's original "character" while creating contemporary work/living space. / Department of Architecture