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Life history parameters and regulation of the southern elephant seal population at Marion IslandPistorius, Pierre Anton 28 November 2005 (has links)
Pup mortality of southern elephant seals at Marion Island from 1990 through 1999 ranged from 1.6 to 7.3%, averaging 3.8%. Pup mortality was density independent and dismissed as being a major population regulating agent at Marion Island. Juvenile survival over two periods, one during the population decline and the other after the population had stabilised, was assessed and compared using mark-recapture models. Survival was age- but not sex-related and on average, the probability of survival was 59.5%,81.4% and 78.1% for the first, second and third year respectively. There was no significant difference in survival over the two periods and juvenile survival does not appear to be an important population regulating component in the southern elephant seal population. Mark-recapture data for females from the Marion Island population since the population stabilisation (1994) was analysed and compared with similar data collected during the decline and with data collected from the increasing population in southern Argentina. Survival of prime-age adult females increased by 8% concurrent with the stabilisation at Marion Island, which ultimately compensated for an annual rate of decline of the population of 5.85% until 1994. Survival of adult females at the colony in southern Argentina was 6% greater than at Marion Island after the stabilisation. Adult female survival is concluded to predominantly regulate the population. Changes in adult female survival and breeding probabilities with age were quantified in order to measure the prevalence of senescence in the population. Less than a 1 % difference between prime-age and post prime-age survival was found over eight cohorts of marked females and no evidence of reproductive senescence in terms of reduced breeding probability with age was detected. Five percent of southern elephant seal females survived to age ten and 0.5 % to the age of seventeen. Pubescent male survival increased concordant with the population stabilisation. These animals have high energetic demands due to a secondary growth spurt during which growth is accelerated and this increase lends support to the hypothesis that food has been limiting the population at Marion Island. Future survival and breeding probabilities of females primiparous at different ages were estimated in order to investigate potential future fitness costs associated with early breeding. Annual future survival of females breeding at age three was the same as that for females primiparous at four and slightly higher than that for females primiparous at five and six. Future breeding probabilities of females primiparous at three were similar to that for females primiparous at four and older. I found no evidence for future fitness costs incurred through reproductive expenditure and conclude that age of primiparity IS determined by acquisition of a critical body mass, after which no future delay in reproduction takes place. I estimated future survival and capture probabilities of southern elephant seals that winter at Marion Island during their first three years and compared these values to similar estimates from individuals that were not observed to winter over the same time periods. There were no significant differences in survival between wintering and non-wintering elephant seals suggesting that survival is not a fitness correlate of wintering behaviour. I provide unique evidence of differential site fidelity within age- and sex classes, which has implications for population modelling. / Thesis (PhD (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted
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Amor e dom na fenomenologia de Jean-Luc MarionCoutinho, Carolina Detoni Marques Vieira 27 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar o pensamento do filósofo francês Jean-Luc Marion
acerca do amor. A busca pela univocidade do conceito filosófico de amor e a relação do
mesmo com o tema do dom articulam-se em sua fenomenologia bastante particular. O amor,
não mais dividido entre, por exemplo, eros e ágape, é tema da redução erótica de Marion,
desenvolvida, principalmente, em sua obra Le phénomène érotique. A pretendida univocidade
radical do amor, nos interpostos limites da fenomenologia e da teologia, em Marion,
relaciona-se diretamente com a ipseidade, a alteridade e o conhecimento que, de Platão a
Santo Agostinho, inserem-se na lógica própria do amor. / La proposition de ce travail c’est approcher la pensée du philosophe français Jean-Luc Marion par
rapport à l’amour. La quête vers l’univocité du concept philosophique de l’amour et la relation
de celui-ci avec le sujet du don s’articulent dans sa phénoménologie très particulière.
L’amour, non plus divisé entre, par example, eros et agapè, c’est le sujet de la reduction
érotique chez Marion, developpée surtout dans son oeuvre Le phénomène érotique.
L’intentionée univocité radicale de l’amour, dans les limites interposées de la
phénoménologie et la théologie, chez Marion, s’articulent directement avec l’ipseité, l’alterité
e la connaissance qui, de Platon à Saint Augustin, s’intègrent à la logique même de l’amour.
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Criteria and Outcome of C. S. D. Foster Home and Residential Placements of Court-referred AdolescentsDickey, Joan 01 January 1975 (has links)
This study is concerned with a set of cases referred to Children's .Services Division, Marion County, by the Marion County Juvenile Court for placement. Placements include foster homes and residential treatment facilities, including group homes.
The goal of this study is to uncover criteria to determine the appropriateness and the efficacy of foster and residential placements for adolescents in order to provide feedback necessary for the development of practice theory.
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Return to a Small Town: Sherwood Anderson as a Country Newspaper Editor, 1927-28Snyder, Cary M. 25 April 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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El mantenimiento de español como lengua de herencia y el rol de la lecturaBrammer, Katy 06 November 2013 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A causa de la falta de acceso al español formal y al español escrito, es típico que después de dos generaciones de inmigrantes, los hispanos pierdan su competencia en español. La lectura voluntaria, cuando uno lee porque quiere, es utilizada como método de impedir la pérdida del español como lengua de herencia. El propósito de este estudio es investigar cómo la lectura voluntaria facilita la adquisición y el mantenimiento del español como lengua materna.
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Comparative phylogeographic patterns among selected indigenous and introduced Collembola on Marion IslandMyburgh, Marike 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Marion Island is situated approximately 2600 km southeast of Cape Town and is the larger of
the two islands that comprise the Prince Edward Island group. During past glaciation events,
Marion was partially covered by ice with fauna and flora confined to isolated refugia across
the island. As a result of these long-term isolation events, it is postulated that species
predating these glaciation events might show geographic partitioning of genetic variation.
Subsequently, the majority of Southern Oceanic islands have a history of sealing activities
with vessels frequenting various islands in their hunt for seals. These combined visits to
several islands could have facilitated the introduction of alien species, or the reintroduction of
species already present on islands. These incidents, combined with more recent scientific
voyages, have led to the establishment of several exotic species on Marion Island. Two
indigenous Collembola species (Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem, 1901) and Tullbergia
bisetosa (Börner, 1903)) were chosen as model species to investigate the possible effects of
glaciation on the spatial distribution of genetic variation on indigenous species. Given the
negative impact that alien taxa have on indigenous species and ecosystems, the
phylogeographic population structure of the recently introduced Isotomurus cf. palustris
(Müller, 1876) was determined and compared to those described for the two indigenous
species. To address these questions, two mitochondrial DNA genes were targeted:
cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII). These genes
were sequenced (GENBANK accession numbers DQ147289-DQ147558) and analysed using,
amongst others, AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance), SAMOVA (Spatial Analysis of
Molecular Variance) and NCA (Nested Clade Analysis). As expected, the two indigenous
species showed distinct signs of population expansion, whilst the recently introduced species
exhibits little genetic variance across its range. The life histories of species have an influence
on their resultant genetic signature; therefore life history parameters were incorporated to
explain differences in the phylogeographic patterns observed for these three species. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Marion Eiland is die groter van twee eilande wat die Prins Edward eilandgroep vorm,
ongeveer 2600 km suid-oos vanaf Kaapstad. Gedurende glasiasie episodes in die verlede, was
Marion gedeeltelik met ys bedek en fauna en flora was geisoleer in klein gedeeltes van die
eiland wat beskut was. As gevolg van hierdie langtermyn isolasie word daar voorgestel dat
spesies wat op die eiland was voor hierdie gebeurtenisse plaasgevind het, ‘n geografiese
verdeling van genetiese variasie sal toon. Sedertdien het die meerderheid van die eilande in
die Suidelike Oseaan ook ‘n geskiedenis van skepe wat op een of meer van die eilande
aangedoen het in die jag op robbe. Hierdie besoeke deur die robjagters aan die eilande het
meegebring dat daar eksotiese spesies op die eiland aangekom het of dat spesies wat reeds op
die eiland voorgekom het, opnuut daar geland het. Hierdie, tesame met die onlangse
wetenskaplike reise na Marion Eiland, het daartoe gelei dat baie eksotiese spesies ingevoer is
na die eiland. Twee inheemse spesies, naamlik Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem, 1901) en
Tullbergia bisetosa (Börner, 1903) is gekies om as model spesies te dien om die moontlike
gevolge van glasiasie op die geografiese verspreiding van genetiese variasie te toets. In ag
geneem die moontlike negatiewe impak wat eksotiese spesies op die inheemse spesies mag
hê, is die filogeografie van ‘n uitheemse spesie, Isotomurus cf. palustris (Müller, 1876) ook
bepaal en vergelyk met díe van die bogenoemde inheemse spesies. Dit is gedoen deur twee
gene, sitokroom oksidase I (COI) en sitokroom oksidase II (COII) te analiseer. Hierdie gene
se basispaarvolgordes is bepaal (GENBANK toetreenommers DQ147289-DQ147558), en
hulle is ge-analiseer deur gebruik te maak van AMOVA (Analise van Molekulêre Variasie),
SAMOVA (Ruimtelike Analises van Molekulêre Variasie) en NCA
(geseteldegroepsanalises). Net soos verwag, het die twee inheemse spesies albei duidelike
tekens getoon van ‘n bevolkingstoename terwyl die uitheemse spesie amper geen variasie oor
sy verspreidingsgebied getoon het nie. Die lewensstyle van spesies het ‘n beduidende invloed
op hulle genetiese bevolkingstruktuur. As sulks is díe in ag geneem om die verskille tussen
hulle genetiese strukture te verduidelik.
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Evaluation of archaeological survey techniques : a comparison of phase Ia methodology at Site 12Ma648Draeger, Cathy L. January 2007 (has links)
Reconnaissance survey (Phase Ia) provides the backbone to archaeological field methodology. Archaeological sites are typically discovered through reconnaissance techniques, more often via pedestrian survey and shovel probe testing. There is a lack of a consensus in the archaeological community on whether or not these techniques are effective as reconnaissance methodology. The following thesis evaluates these techniques' relative effectiveness at finding and preliminarily evaluating archaeological sites, the main objectives of reconnaissance. This study compares actual and simulated surveys using both techniques on a multi-component site in a woodland setting as well as addressing the cost-effectiveness of these techniques when estimating the time needed to complete them. / Department of Anthropology
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A five year survey of students who have attended the Marion County Vocational SchoolUnknown Date (has links)
"The purpose of this paper is to provide information which may useful to the Marion County Director of Adult and Vocational Education and to the County School Board in planning future vocational courses, and improving the effectiveness of those now being offered"--Introduction. / "February, 1958." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Edward K. Hankin, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 24).
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Curanderismo and Health Delivery ServicesBlaesser, Jean Margaret 01 January 1974 (has links)
This study explores and describes curanderismo (folk curing) and the cultural disease concepts of mollera caida, empacho, mal de ojo, and susto as researched in a rural Oregon community. Chicano cultural disease concepts and beliefs are then related to modern health delivery services, and a case is made for the need for cultural awareness, respect, and sensitivity on the part of medical personnel who deliver services. The approach of a curandera (curer) and a doctor are compared.
It is strongly stated that Chicanos’ health beliefs and practices do not exist in isolation from the rest of their culture, and that the concept of familias is a particularly important focal point in the harmony of this culture. It is suggested that health delivery services as well as all helping services cannot afford to neglect the totality of a Chicano cultural viewpoint if their services are to have relevance. Practical suggestions for health personnel are included. Data were collected primarily through the participant-observer method.
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Physiological plasticity in arthropods from Marion Island : indigenous and alien speciesSlabber, Sarette 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Climate sets range limits in many taxa, and as climate changes, the ranges that plants and
animals occupy are altered. The responses of species to climate change involve either
migration or local adaptation. An investigation of the local physiological adaptation
shown by indigenous and alien arthropods to temperature acclimation formed the primary
focus of this study. Increased environmental temperatures favour the establishment of
alien species on Southern Ocean Islands. The first records of Porce/lio scaber Latreille,
1804 (Isopoda, Porcellionidae) and an Aphidius wasp species from Marion Island were
documented here. The alien wasp was discovered in 2003 and had a current known
distribution along the east coast of Marion Island. Both isopods and wasps were
reproducing successfully on Marion Island. The wasp species is an aphid parasitoid and
had been found mummifying the alien aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. These introductions
highlighted the ongoing conflict between use and conservation on the Southern Ocean
Islands.
Despite considerable work on the upper and lower lethal limits of insects, several major
taxa have received little attention. Here this issue was addressed and the lower and upper
thermal tolerances and cold hardiness strategy of Antarciopsocus jeanneli Badonnel
(Psocoptera: Elipsocidae) from sub-Antarctic Marion Island was investigated. A.
jeanneli is freeze intolerant, and more specifically, moderately chill tolerant. Field fresh
A. jeanne li had a mean supercooling point (SCP) of -11.1oC, whereas LTSO was -7.7°C,
indicating pre-freeze mortality. A. jeanneli responded to acclimation: mean SCP
increased from -IS.8°C at a treatment temperature ofO°C, to -7.3°C at ISOC.
Investigations of the responses to acclimation of upper and lower lethal limits and limits
to activity in insects have focussed primarily on Drosophila. Halmaeusa atriceps
(Staphylinidae) was examined for thermal tolerance responses to acclimation, and
seasonal acclimatization. In summer and winter, lower lethal temperatures of adults and
larvae were c. -7.6 ± 0.03 and -11.1 ± 0.06 °C, respectively. Supercooling points (SCPs)
were more variable, with winter SCPs of -S.4 ± 0.4 °C in larvae and -6.3 ± 0.8 °C in adults. The species appeared to be chill susceptible in summer and moderately freeze
tolerant in winter, thus showing seasonal acclimatization. Critical thermal minima varied
between -3.6 ± 0.2 and -0.6 ± 0.2 °C in larvae, and from -4.1 ± 0.1 to -0.8 ± 0.2 °C in
adults. These findings were in keeping with the general pattern found in insects, although
this species differed in several respects from others found on Marion Island.
In this study the differential responses of indigenous and invasive springtails to
temperature were explicitly examined in the context of the beneficial acclimation
hypothesis (BAH) and its alternatives. In particular, the thermal acclimation responses of
desiccation resistance, supercooling ability, lower and upper thermal limits were
compared. Invasive springtails (Pogonognathellus jlavescens, Isotomurus palustris and
Ceratophysella denticulata) did not display greater phenotypic flexibility than indigenous
springtails (Cryptopygus antarcticus and Tullbergia bisetosa), but did perform better
under high temperature conditions. Indigenous species, however, performed better under
low temperature conditions. In most cases the BAH was not supported, or could not be
distinguished from its alternatives. The prediction that invasive species will outperform
indigenous species as climates on Southern Ocean Islands warm was supported.
Because temperature plays such a large role in the distribution, abundance and
physiological tolerances of invertebrates, microhabitat temperatures along an altitudinal
gradient (0 to 800 m above sea level (asi)) were investigated over a two-year period on
Marion Island. Mean microhabitat temperatures were comparable to those from previous
studies for Southern Ocean Islands, and declined with increasing altitude. The 800 m asl
site had the most severe microclimate (highest absolute maximum, lowest absolute
minimum and the highest frequency of freeze-thaw cycles). Year one was substantially
colder than year two, indicating that interannual variation in microclimate conditions
could be responsible for substantial mortality amongst. invertebrate populations. Indeed,
indigenous species were best able to tolerate the high incidence of low temperatures at
high altitudes, whereas alien species appeared to be confined to lower altitudinal sites on
Marion Island, possibly as a consequence of extreme low temperatures at higher altitudes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klimaat is een van die grootste faktore wat die verpreiding en digthede van dier en
plantspesies bepaal. Soos wat klimaatsverandering plaasvind, kan spesies migreer om
stresvolle klimaatstoestande te vermy, of hulle kan aanpas by plaaslike omstandighede.
Dit is die laasgenoemde opsie wat in hierdie tesis ondersoek was. Die opsporing van
Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda Porcellionidae) en 'n Aphidius wesp van
Marion Eiland word hier aangeteken. Die huidige verspreiding van houtluise in die
omgewing van die Navorsingstasie dui daarop dat hulle die eiland waarskynlik vanaf
Kaapstad in bou-materiaal bereik het. Die wesp is gedurende 2003 ontdek en is tans
versprei langs die oostelike kuslyn van Marion Eiland. Beide hierdie spesies plant
suksesvol voort op Marion Eiland. Die wesp spesie parasiteer die uitheemse plantluis
Rhopalosiphum padi. Uitheemse muise en die inheemse kleinskedebek weier tot dusver
om P. scaber te eet. Die ontdekking van twee nuwe uitheemse spesies dui weereens op
die konflik tussen bewaring en benutting van die Suidsee Eilande.
Ten spyte daarvan dat aansienlike aandag gewy is aan die hoë- en lae temperatuur
toleransies van insekte, is daar talle taksa wat selde nagevors word. Dié toleransies is dus
nagevors vir die boekluis Antarctopsocus jeanneli Badennel (Psocoptera: Elipsocidae)
van Marion Eiland. Die spesie is vries vermydend, en meer spesifiek, matig
verkoelingsbestand. Veldvars A. jeanneli het 'n gemiddelde superverkoelingspunt van -
11.1 °C gehad, en letale temperature (LTSO) van -7.7 °C, wat aandui dat individue vrek
voordat hulle vnes, Hierdie spesie reageer op akklimasie: gemiddelde
superverkoelingspunt het toegeneem van -15.8 °C na akklimasie by 0 °C tot -7.3 °C na
akklimasie by 15 oe.
Die effek van akklimasie op temperatuur toleransie in insekte het dusver meestalop
Drosophila gefokus. Hier vors ons die effek van akklimasie op die temperatuur toleransie
van Halmaeusa atriceps (Styphylynidae) na. In die somer en winter was die lae letale
temperature van kewers en larwes onderskeidelik -7.6 ± 0.03 en -11.1 ± 0.06 °C.
Superverkoelingspunte (SVP) het meer gevarieer, met SVP van -5.4 ± 0.4 °C in larwes en -6.3 ± 0.8 oe in kewers. Die spesie IS verkoelingsvatbaar in die somer en matig
vriesbestand in die winter, wat dui op akklimatisasie in hierdie spesie. Kritiese termale
minima het tussen -3.6 ± 0.2 en -0.6 ± 0.2 oe in larwes, en tussen -4.1 ± 0.1 tot -0.8 ± 0.2
oe in kewers gewissel. Hierdie spesie blyk dieselfde fisiologiese tendense wat in insekte
te vinde is uit te beeld, maar verskil in verskeie opsigte van ander insekte op Marion
Eiland.
Hierdie studie het ook die verskillende reaksies van inheemse en uitheemse springsterte
met betrekking tot temperatuur akklimasie bestudeer. Die voordelige-akklimasie hipotese
en sy alternatiewe hipoteses is in terme van akklimasiereaksies tot desikkasie weerstand,
superverkoeling en lae- en hoë temperatuur bestandheid in Marion Eiland springsterte
getoets. Die uitheemse springsterte (Pogonognathellus jlavescens, Isotomurus cf palustris
en Ceratophysella denticulata) het nie beter fenotipiese plastisiteit getoon as die
inheemse spesies (Cryptopygus antarcticus en Tullbergia bisetosa) nie. Die inheemse
spesies het egter beter gevaar onder lae-temperatuur toestande. Die voordeligeakklimasie
hipotese ontvang nie veelondersteuning in die huidige studie nie, maar kon in
sommige gevalle nie van die alternatiewe hipoteses onderskei word nie.
Klimaatsverandering mag uitheemse spesies bevoordeel.
Die rol wat temperatuur in die verspreiding en fisiologiese toleransies van invertebrate
speel word lank reeds waardeer. Daarom vors hierdie studie die mikrohabitat temperature
teen 'n gradient tussen seespieël en 800 m bo seespieël (m bs) oor 'n tydperk van twee
jaar op Marion Eiland na. Gemiddelde temperature is vergelykbaar met die van vorige
studies op Marion Eiland, en neem af soos wat hoogte bo seespieël toeneem. Die 800 m
bs studie-gebied het die mees stresvolle mikrohabitat-toestande ondervind (die hoogste
absolute maksimum, laagste absolute minimum temperature, en die meeste vries-ontdooi
siklusse). Inheemse spesies op Marion Eiland toon hoër.toleransies tot lae temperature as
uiheemse spesies, laasgenoemde kom slegs voor by laer hoogtes bo seespieël, waar
ekstreme ternperatuur-toestande dalk minder volop is. Klimaatsverwarming mag egter tot
'n toename in ekstreme weerstoestande lei op Marion Eiland, wat aansienlike mortaliteit
in invertebraat populasies kan veroorsaak.
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