This thesis was commissioned by Tekniska verken, Energy Division with the overall aim to investigate the concept of environmental debt and what it means for a business. Furthermore, a sustainable risk and responsibility investigation shall be carried out on the concerned areas. Finally, the priority areas shall be highlighted and proposed actions presented.   The Swedish Environmental debt concept was presented in 1992 by Arne Jarnelöv. Environmental debt is defined as restoration costs for environmental damage. In the early days the concept did not take into account who was responsible, but the environmental debts was regarded as a humanity debt to future generations. For a company an environmental debt means that you are legally responsible for the debt under the Swedish environmental law. It also means that the remedy cost is to be accounted for. Environmental liabilities can be a significant problem in a company's sustainability efforts and contaminated areas can also lead to the company gaining a reputation for undertaking of environmentally hazardous activities. The responsibility for deposited waste is primarily with the depositor and secondly with the landowner.   The inventory and compilation show that the Energy division has two properties with major pollution problems.   At the KV1 site a gas works was operating for 60 years contributing to widespread pollution. Impregnated poles were also stored at two different locations at the site. Finally, 30-50 m below the KV1 site is a 90 000 m³ large cavern used during the cold war for emergency storage of high-sulfur thick oil. The oil storage ended in the beginning of the 1990s but an estimated 2 000 m³ of oil is left on the surface and in cracks in the rock face. The cavern is not clad which means that the oil was stored on a water bed directly against the rock wall. Today the water surface is kept at a lower level to prevent spreading of oil pollution. Remediating caverns is complicated and cost a lot of time. The company has to leave the site within the next 30 years, which makes a plan of action for different pollution situations crucial.   The Kallerstad landfill is the next prioritized site. It was in operation from 1955 to 1973.  Large amounts of household and industrial waste was deposited in the early years. In 1958 the first waste incineration power plant was built at the KV1 site and the deposit was limited to none combustible waste. The landfill is located in an old mud pit which reduces the risk of spreading. The landfill was in municipal ownership and operation until 1961 when Tekniska Verken took sole ownership and operation.   On some of the hydropower stations other activities has been contaminating sediment and soil. On a few properties there have been oil leaks which have been remedied to currently approved levels.   It is of great importance for business enterprises to obtain an overall picture of their environmental debts as they beside the financial burden might potentially need environmentally hazardous activities to remedy. All contaminated properties within the Energy division should have excavation procedures in place. As remediation of oil caverns is a time consuming activity a preliminary investigation into the KV1 site cavern should be initiated as soon as possible. An excavation procedure should be established for the KV1 site. A dialogue to determine the responsibility relationship between the municipality and Tekniska Verken should be established about the / Det övergripande syftet med detta examensarbete är att utreda begreppet miljöskuld och vad det innebär för ett företag. Arbetet har utförts på uppdrag av Tekniska verken, division Energi. Man vill nu att förorenade områden skall inventeras och sammanställas. Vidare skall en hållbar riskbedömning och ansvarsutredning utföras på de aktuella områdena. Slutligen skall prioriterade områden lyftas fram och åtgärdsförslag presenteras.   Miljöskuldsbegreppet presenterades 1992 av Arne Jarnelöv. Miljöskuld är återställning- och/eller reparationskostnader för miljöskador. I den ursprungliga innebörden av begreppet beaktade man inte vem som åstadkommit miljöskadan utan man betraktade miljöskulder som en mänsklighetens skuld som vi hade till nästa generation. För ett företag betyder en miljöskuld att man har ett juridiskt ansvar enligt miljölagstiftning. Det innebär även att åtgärdskostnaden skall bokföras som en skuld. Miljöskulden kan även ha betydelse i ett företags hållbarhetsarbete. Förorenade områden kan innebära att företaget ses som utövare av miljöfarlig verksamhet.   Inventeringen och sammanställningen visar att division Energi har två fastigheter med stor föroreningsproblematik. Det är Kraftvärmeverkets fastighet som har en central placering i Linköping. Det andra området är en gammal deponi belägen i norra utkanten av Linköping. Vid kraftvärmeverkets fastighet drev man gasverk under 60 år som har bidragit till omfattande föroreningar. På området har kreosotimpregnerade elstolpar lagrats på två olika platser. Troligtvis kan det finnas kvar stora mängder kreosotföroreningar under den asfalterade bränsleplanen. 30-50 m under fastigheten ligger ett 90 000 m³ stort bergrum som använts för lagring av högsvavlig tjockolja. Sedan början av 1990- talet används inte bergrummet men uppskattningsvis finns över 2 000 m³ olja kvar på vattenytan eller i bergsprickor. Bergrummet är oinklätt vilket betyder att oljan förvarades direkt mot berget på en vattenbädd. Vattenytan hålls idag nedsänkt för att förhindra att oljeföroreningar sprids. Att avveckla och sanera bergrum är komplicerat och kan ta lång tid. Bolaget måste lämna fastigheten inom de närmsta 30 åren vilket betyder att man behöver en åtgärdsplan för olika föroreningssituationer.   Kallerstadsdeponin är en deponi som drevs från 1955 till 1973. Under de första åren deponerades stora mängder hushålls och industriavfall. 1958 byggdes sopförbränning på Kraftvärmeverkets fastighet och deponeringen begränsades till sådant som inte brann. Deponin ligger i en gammal lertäkt vilket minskar risk för spridning. Deponin var i kommunal ägo och drift fram till 1961. Tekniska verken övertog sedan ägande och drift. Det är i första hand den som deponerat avfallet som är ansvarig och i andra hand är det markägaren.   På flera av vattenkraftstationerna har sediment och mark förorenats av andra verksamheter. Vid några fastigheter har oljeläckage skett vilka har sanerats till idag godkända nivåer.   Det är av stor vikt för företag att få en samlad bild av sina miljöskulder då de förutom den ekonomiska belastningen även kan betyda att man vid exempelvis grävningsarbeten i förorenad mark ses som utövare av miljöfarlig verksamhet. I förlängningen bör grävningsrutiner upprättas för alla förorenade fastigheter inom division Energi. Sanering av bergrum kan ta lång tid. En förundersökning bör därför inledas så snart som möjligt. En grävningsrutin bör upprättas för KV1- fastighten för att minska risken för spridning av föroreningar. Vid Kallerstaddeponin bör dialog föras mellan kommun och Tekniska verken och ansvarförhållandet mellan parterna avgöras.

This dissertation is a biographical and critical study of Dr. Mark Akenside, an important but often overlooked eighteenth century author and editor. The discussion is limited to Akenside's literary career and those details of his life which help a reader understand his poetry and prose. Akenside's writings on medical subjects are excluded, but every effort has been made to update and improve upon Charles Houpt's Mark Akenside (1944), which, until this time, was the most complete and authoritative work on this paradoxical poet-physician.The study begins with a brief biography. Following an account of Akenside's birth and education is a discussion of his relationship with Jeremiah Dyson, his truest friend and greatest benefactor. Some notice of Akenside's successes and failures as a physician is given, and anecdotes which reveal the contradictions in his personality are presented.The argument that Akenside's life and work are paradoxical continues as the second chapter focuses on a consideration of scholarly assessments of Akenside. The study refers to critical opinions expressed in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. A wide difference of opinion about the merits of Akenside is noticed in each century, and the justification for the present study becomes clear as one sees the need to re-evaluate all the primary and secondary sources.A full chapter is devoted to the study of Akenside's contributions to the Gentlemen's Magazine. Compiling credits from Houpt and Pailler, the chapter theorizes that as many as twenty poems in Cave's magazine may be assigned to Akenside's canon. The relative merit of the poems is considered, and copious quotations from them are included.Akenside's work with The Museum is the subject of the next chapter. In The Museum Akenside reveals his talents as an essayist and editor. The chapter discusses four prose essays credited to Akenside, providing observations on their strengths and weaknesses.Chapter five continues the close analysis of Akenside's literary pieces. The poems on Curio, the inscriptions, and "Hymn to the Naiads" are labeled as poems of special notice, not because they are works which earn Akenside great fame, but because they embody characteristics which reappear in his most famous works.A separate chapter is devoted to an analysis of the odes. In addition to providing a close reading of each ode, the chapter calls for recognition of Akenside as an influential lyrical poet. Akenside's correction of Cowley's mistaken imitations of Pindar should earn him the credit often assigned to Gray and Collins.The final chapter treats Akenside's most important work: The Pleasures of Imagination. This chapter analyzes the doctor's theory of psychology by giving a close reading of his description of the powers of the imagination. By using such powers, one discovers pleasures, and Akenside's catalog of the primary and secondary pleasures is discussed. Finally, the chapter considers the reasons for Akenside's preference for poetry rather than prose. The didactic purpose of the poem calls for literature which elevates the mind and the spirit, and poetry is best suited for such a purpose.In forming a final evaluation of Akenside, the dissertation makes no extravagant claims. Akenside is a minor literary figure, but his innovations in lyrical poetry and his successes in blank verse make him significant. Of interest to any reader are the paradoxical qualities of his life and work. Like Janus, Akenside seemingly faces both sides of all issues, and each reader must decide which face reveals the true personality of the doctor.

This reportcommunicates the processes and results of my degree work in industrial design at candidate level at Umeå Institute of Design. During my degree work I had a cooperation with Svenska Jägareförbundet (Swedish Hunters Assosiation). The aim for my project has been to explore how I could make hunting a safer hobby and undertaking. Every year people get seriously injured and in average 2 people a year dies  due to hunting accidents. My goal is to identify problems within the hunters communication and approach. Through a creative design process I will find a valid  nd realistic solution to these problems. My project will be presented as a conceptual solution  hat will be based on currently existing technology. The degree work was carried out in the  pring semester 2012 with a presentation the tenth week and resulted in a full scale visual model, and oral presentation, discussion, argumentation and this report.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of English, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

There is no abstract available for this thesis.

When constructing a building, a number of aspects must be harmonized in order for it to fulfill requirements – a building must fulfill requirements such a load-bearing, conservation of energy and a good indoor environment by means of, among other things, moisture proofing . Moisture problems in buildings can affect health negatively. As we are increasingly staying in indoors, demands on a good indoor environment are higher. This work starts with examining moisture problems in slab-on-ground solutions, and then links the various scenarios to moisture problems in a concrete slab of a real building. The building with moisture problems is located in Årby by in Borlänge and moisture damage was found in the slab at an apartment adjoining wall. By reviewing literature written within the field of moisture problem, making hand calculations and modeling in the program Comsol Multiphysics, judgments are made to find explanations as to why the rise of moisture occurred in the building in Årby by. Generally, the following guidelines may be used to reduce the risk of moisture problems in slab-on-ground constructions: Drying of construction moisture before laying the floor material. Using draining layer beneath the slab, to prevent capillary suction. Using insulation under the slab, partly for comfort and to establish the temperature difference between the ground and the concrete slab. Avoid direct contact between the wood and concrete, due to degradation and fouling smells that normally occurs. If necessary, use additional vapor barrier. In addition to the above, there are various methods for moisture-proof and moisture-monitoring by design or by the method ByggaF suited for the entire construction process various events. / Vid uppförandet av en byggnad ska en rad faktorer samverka för att byggnaden ska uppfylla de krav som ställs på den, en byggnad ska bland annat uppfylla krav som bärighet, energihushållning och ge en god levnadsmiljö genom bland annat att säkra byggnaden mot fukt. Fuktproblem i byggnader kan påverka hälsan negativt. Då vi i allt större utsträckning vistas i inomhusmiljöer ställs högre krav på en god inomhusmiljö. Arbetets utgångspunkt är att granska uppkomsten till fuktproblem i platta på mark, för att sedan koppla de olika ställda scenarier om uppkomsten till fuktproblem i platta på mark till en verklig byggnad. Byggnaden med fuktproblem ligger i Årby by i Borlänge och fuktskadan som uppdagades är i plattan vid en lägenhetsavskiljande vägg. Genom att granska litteratur skriven inom ramarna för fuktproblematik, göra handberäkningar och modellera i programmet Comsol Multiphysics har man fått en uppskattning av varför uppkomsten av fukt förekommit i byggnaden i Årby by. Generellt vid utförandet av platta på mark kan följande riktlinjer användas för att minska riskerna att fuktproblem ska uppstå: Uttorkning av byggfukt innan golvläggning. Använda käpillärbrytande skikt under plattan, för att förhindra kapillärsugning. Använda isolering under plattan, dels ur komfortsynpunkt och för att upprätta en temperaturskillnad mellan mark och betongplatta. Undvika direktkontakt mellan trä och betong, på grund av nedbrytning och påväxt som annars kan ske. Vid behov använda extra ångspärr. Utöver ovanstående, finns olika metoder för att fuktsäkra och uppföljning genom fuktdimensionering eller genom metoden ByggaF som är anpassad för hela byggprocessens olika skeenden.

Thesis (PhD(N.T.))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-254).

Thesis (B.A.)--Bryn Mawr College. Dept. of History of Art, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 12, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.