With globalization and modernization, increasingly people are influenced by multiple cultures. This paper examines the case of two authors, Mark Tully and Ruskin Bond, who were born in India shortly before India's Independence (1947). Both had British parents, but one considers himself Indian while the other has retained his British identity. The focus of this paper is how and why this difference has occurred and how it has influenced their writing. Both Tully and Bond write short stories about India and Indians, particularly the small towns and villages. Their reasons for writing, however, are very different. Tully writes to achieve social change, while Bond writes because he loves to write.

Diss.--Kiel--Univ., 1992. / Bibliogr. p. 365-381. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Supervisor: Shelley Fisher Fishkin. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [74]-125).

Thesis (M.A.)--Eastern Illinois University, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [74]-125).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [74]-125).

The author attempts to show in this thesis that Mark Twain was a serious observer and critic of life.

Many Twain scholars believe that his skepticism was based on personal tragedies of later years. Others find skepticism in Twain's work as early as The Innocents Abroad. This study determines that Twain's atheism is evident in his earliest writings. Chapter One examines what critics have determined Twain's religious sense to be. These contentions are discussed in light of recent publications and older, often ignored, evidence of Twain' s atheism. Chapter Two is a biographical look at Twain's literary, family, and community influences, and at events in Twain's life to show that his religious antipathy began when he was quite young. Chapter Three examines Twain's early sketches and journalistic squibs to prove that his voice, storytelling techniques, subject matter, and antipathy towards the church and other institutions are clearly manifested in his early writings.

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