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That kings throughout the entire Middle Ages used the marriages of themselves and their children to further their political agendas has never been in question. What this thesis examines is the significance these marriage alliances truly had to domestic and foreign politics in England from the accession of Henry II in 1154 until the death of his grandson Henry III in 1272. Chronicle and record sources shed valuable light upon the various aspects of royal marriage at this time: firstly, they show that the marriages of the royal family at this time were geographically diverse, ranging from Scotland and England to as far abroad as the Empire, Spain, and Sicily, Most of these marriages were based around one primary principle, that being control over Angevin land-holdings on the continent. Further examination of the ages at which children were married demonstrates a practicality to the policy, in that often at least the bride was young, certainly young enough to bear children and assimilate into whatever land she may travel to. Sons were also married to secure their future, either as heir to the throne or the husband of a wealthy heiress. Henry II and his sons were almost always closely involved in the negotiations for the marriages, and were often the initiators of marriage alliances, showing a strong interest in the promotion of marriage as a political tool. Dowries were often the centre of alliances, demonstrating how much the bride, or the alliance, was worth, in land, money, or a combination of the two. One of the most important aspects for consideration though, was the outcome of the alliances. Though a number were never confirmed, and most royal children had at least one broken proposal or betrothal before their marriage, many of the marriages made were indeed successful in terms of gaining from the alliance what had originally been desired.

Customary marriages are essentially polygamous. Courts were of the opinion that the nature of customary marriages are against public policy and natural justice. The Interim Constitution, 1993 gave effect to the consequences of customary marriages in principle XIII, while section 15(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 allows for the recognition of marriages concluded in terms of custom. These marriages may, however not be in conflict with the Bill of Rights. Recognition was given to lobolo as the courts could not find it to be against public policy as is reflected initially in section 11 (1) of the Black Administration Act 38 of 1927 and subsequently in section 54A of the Magistrate's Court Act 32 of 1944 and section 1 of the Law of Evidence Amendment Act 45 of 1988. In 1998 the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 was promulgated to give recognition to customary marriages. In this study, the question to what extent customary marriages and the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 are consistent with the Constitution within a democratic society based on equality, freedom and human dignity is addressed. It was found that the purpose of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 is not only to give recognition to customary marriages, but to amend the traditional customary rules which may be inconsistent with the Bill of Rights. The Act succeeds in this. / Thesis (LL.M.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Customary marriages are essentially polygamous. Courts were of the opinion that the nature of customary marriages are against public policy and natural justice. The Interim Constitution, 1993 gave effect to the consequences of customary marriages in principle XIII, while section 15(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 allows for the recognition of marriages concluded in terms of custom. These marriages may, however not be in conflict with the Bill of Rights. Recognition was given to lobolo as the courts could not find it to be against public policy as is reflected initially in section 11 (1) of the Black Administration Act 38 of 1927 and subsequently in section 54A of the Magistrate's Court Act 32 of 1944 and section 1 of the Law of Evidence Amendment Act 45 of 1988. In 1998 the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 was promulgated to give recognition to customary marriages. In this study, the question to what extent customary marriages and the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 are consistent with the Constitution within a democratic society based on equality, freedom and human dignity is addressed. It was found that the purpose of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 is not only to give recognition to customary marriages, but to amend the traditional customary rules which may be inconsistent with the Bill of Rights. The Act succeeds in this. / Thesis (LL.M.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The study aims to investigate the effects of married women&rsquo / s attachment security, caregiving styles, how they initiated marriage (i.e., love vs. arranged) and whether they have egalitarian or traditional marriage on their marital satisfaction and attachment figure transference to their husband. It is expected that attachment to spouse would be stronger and attachment functions would be transferred earlier in love marriages than arranged marriages. Moreover, caregiving styles, attachment security, and egalitarian structure of marriage are expected to predict transference of attachment functions to husbands and marital satisfaction. Married women (N = 204) filled out a questionnaire package including the measures of division of labor in house chores, significant people in their life, attachment anxiety and avoidance, caregiving styles, and marital satisfaction. A series of ANCOVA controlling for the duration of marriage was conducted to compare the participants with arranged and love marriages. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to predict attachment strength and satisfaction separately for love and arranged marriages. Results revealed no significant difference between arranged and love marriages on the strength and timing of attachment figure transference to spouse. In both types of marriage, sensitive and responsive caregiving styles and low attachment avoidance were associated with stronger attachment to spouse. Although those with egalitarian relationships reported higher levels of marital satisfaction in both love and arranged marriages, women with both egalitarian and love marriages reported the highest levels of marital satisfaction than those with traditional and love marriage. The findings were discussed considering cultural context and previous work.

Ma thèse explore les rencontres qui eurent lieu entre Français, Amérindiens et Africains en Louisiane, à l’époque de l’Amérique coloniale. C’est plus précisément sur la partie sud du territoire que ce travail s’est penché. Les bornes chronologiques sont 1686, découverte du territoire par Robert La Salle et 1803, vente du territoire, alors Français, aux Américains par Napoléon en 1803. Mon projet était d’analyser les rapports établis entre ces trois groupes en mettant l’accent sur les relations intimes qui se sont créées entre eux (relations sexuelles, concubinage, mariages mixtes), et les liens de parenté sont également des objets d’étude dans cette recherche. De ces relations intimes émergent diverses communautés : ainsi, les « métis » font référence aux enfants nés de Français et d’Amérindiens alors que les « Griffe » désignent une autre communauté, résultat d’unions entre Africains et Amérindiens. L’étude de ces deux groupes représente une partie de ce travail. Cette thèse s’attache aussi à analyser les conséquences de ces unions sur les rapports sociaux, économiques, et diplomatiques entre ces différents peuples. / Historians have agreed that the French were more successful than their competitors in developing cordial relations with Native Americans during the conquest of North America. French diplomatic savoir faire and their skill at trading with Indians are usually cited to explain this success, but the Spaniards relied upon similar policies of trade and gift giving, while enjoying considerably less success with the Indians. I propose an alternative model to understand the relative success of French Colonization in North America. Intimate Frontiers, an ethno-historical examination of the colonial encounters in the Lower French Louisiana, focuses on the social relations between Europeans, Indians and African in colonial Mississippi Valley. It examines the importance of the intimate bonds forged between settlers and natives in maintaining diplomatic alliances in the region even after the French left Louisiana in 1763. My work brings sexuality and intimacy into the political arena, challenging the prevailing view that power was defined solely by political and military alliances.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-08-29T21:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Manuela Bonfim Machado. Migração estrutura populacional Tese 2012.pdf: 1095441 bytes, checksum: 16e3cea3a6b286c226470a459e5720fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T21:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Manuela Bonfim Machado. Migração estrutura populacional Tese 2012.pdf: 1095441 bytes, checksum: 16e3cea3a6b286c226470a459e5720fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / A migração é o fator evolutivo capaz de dispersar a diversidade genética entre populações, inserindo novas características fenotípicas e genotípicas. A dinâmica matrimonial, juntamente como a estrutura da população são fatores que podem alterar a frequência destas características. Exemplo dessas características são as doenças genéticas, onde a frequência e distribuição destas auxilia na compreensão da influência de fatores evolutivos em uma população. No município de Monte Santo, localizado no interior da Bahia, foram encontradas doenças genéticas com elevada frequência, como mucopolissacaridose do tipo VI e fenilcetonúria. Existem evidências que algumas doenças mostram associação entre a raça e o risco de sua ocorrência. Dados moleculares mostraram que na Bahia a contribuição africana é de 47,2%, entretanto, dados baseados em classificação fenotípica apontam para o aumento da contribuição europeia com o afastamento do litoral. Para inferir a origem de algumas doenças genéticas em Monte Santo foram analisados marcadores informativos de ancestralidade autossômicos (AT3-I/D, APO, PV92 e SB19.3 genotipados por PCR; GC*1F e GC*1S por PCR/RFLP; e os marcadores FYnull, CKMM e LPL por PCR em tempo real) e marcadores uniparentais do mtDNA (sequenciamento da região HVS-I) e do cromossomo Y (marcador YAP por PCR; DYS 199, 92R7 e M207 por PCR/RFLP; e M60, PN2, PN3, M34, M89, M9 por sequenciamento). Assim, através da identificação da origem desses marcadores foi possível inferir a contribuição das populações que formaram a população de Monte Santo, e a origem de algumas das alterações gênicas responsáveis pelas doenças genéticas aqui estudadas (síndrome de Treacher Collins, hipotireoidismo congênito, fenilcetonúria, mucopolissacaridose tipo VI, surdez hereditária não sindrômica e osteogênese imperfeita). Os dados do cromossomo Y e dos autossômicos apontam para maior contribuição europeia, e os resultados dos marcadores mitocondriais para elevada contribuição africana e ameríndia. A elevada contribuição europeia tanto paterna quanto autossômica sugere origem europeia para as mutações c.35delG e R252W, responsáveis por aproximadamente 24% dos casos de surdez hereditária não sindrômica e por todos os casos de fenilcetonúria, respectivamente. A mucopolissacaridose do tipo VI tem como causa a mutação p.H178L, a presença desta alteração apenas em pacientes brasileiros, que compartilham o mesmo haplótipo intragênico sugere origem autóctone. Além de marcadores moleculares também foram analisados os tipos de casamentos (endogâmicos, exogâmicos e entre imigrantes) e sua frequência no município. Foi observada elevada frequência de casamentos endogâmicos e baixa taxa de migração, sugerindo crescimento populacional interno. Além disso, a maioria da população reside em povoados, cujo tamanho varia de 113 a 582 pessoas por povoado. Nesta cidade 80% da população tem renda mensal equivalente a meio salário mínimo, o que explica a baixa taxa de migração por ausência de atrativos econômicos. Avaliando os casamentos dentro das genealogias dos afetados é possível observar que a maioria deles é filho de pais consanguíneos. Estes resultados mostram que o elevado grau de endogamia e endocruzamento assim como possível efeito fundador e deriva genética estão associados ao aumento da frequência e manutenção das doenças genéticas neste município. / Migration is the evolutionary factor able to disperse the genetic diversity among populations, inserting new phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The dynamic of marriage and population structure are factors that may maintain or eliminate these characteristics. Examples of these traits are genetic diseases, where the frequency of these helps in understanding the evolutionary factors influence in a population. In Monte Santo city, situated in county of Bahia, were found genetic diseases with high frequency such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and phenylketonuria. It has been shown that some diseases have an important racial factor in determining risk of its occurrence. Molecular results show that in Bahia the African contribution is 47.2%. However, phenotypic classification data show an increase of European contribution with the distance from the coast. To infer the origin of some genetic disease in Monte Santo were analyzed autosomal ancestry informative markers (AT3-I/D, APO, PV92 and SB19.3 genotyped by PCR, GC*1F and GC*1S by PCR/RFLP and FYnull, CKMM and LPL genotyped by real time PCR) and uniparental markers of mtDNA (sequencing of the HVS-I region) and the Y chromosome (YAP marker by PCR; DYS199, 92R7 and M207 by PCR/RFLP, and M60, PN2, PN3, M34, M89, M9 by sequencing). Thus, by identifying the origin of these markers was possible to infer the contribution of the populations that formed Monte Santo, and the origin of some genetic mutations responsible for genetic diseases studied here (Treacher-Collins syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, hereditary non-syndromic deafness and osteogenesis imperfecta). The Y chromosome and autosomal results indicate greater European contribution, and the results from mtDNA show high contribution of African and Amerindian contribution. The high European contribution both paternal and autosomal suggests European origin for the c.35delG and R252W mutations, responsible for approximately 24% of cases of hereditary non-syndromic deafness and all phenylketonuria cases, respectively. The mucopolysaccharidosis type VI is caused by p.H178L mutation, the presence of this mutation only in Brazilian patients, who share the same intragenic haplotype suggest an autochthonous origin. In addition to molecular markers were also analyzed the types of marriages (endogamic, exogamous and between immigrant) and how often they occur in the city. We observed a high frequency of endogamic marriages and low migration rates, suggesting internal population growth. The population of Monte Santo is characterized by division into villages, where the majority of the population, the number of inhabitants varies from 113 to 582 people per village. In this city 80% of the population has income equivalent to half the minimum wage, which reinforces the absence of compelling economic and low migration rate. Evaluating the marriages inside the genetic diseases pedigree families can be observed that most of those affected are children of consanguineous parents. These results suggest that the high degree of inbreeding as well as the occurrence of founder effect and genetic drift were associated with increased frequency and maintenance of genetic diseases in the city.

At the 2007 General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church a compromise resolution was accepted regarding homosexual members. This resolution, inter alia, requires of gay ministers to remain celibate as a prerequisite to be legitimated. This research is a qualitative inquiry to evaluate the impact which this resolution has on the lives of gay ministers and gay candidate ministers. Narrative and postfoundational perspectives were obtained by interviewing six gay ministers and/or candidate ministers as coresearchers, and also by engaging in dialogue with inter-disciplinary experts from Sociology, Psychology and Law. This research traced the history of the Resolution, while the patriarchal and heteronormative discourses underlying the formulation were discussed. These discourses still sustain the Resolution. Interwoven in the Resolution are contradictions and double standards based on prejudice, leading to discrimination against gay ministers and gay candidate ministers. A literature study on prejudice and discrimination revealed many of the negative impacts these have on people on the margins of society. A literature review on gay marriages suggested that gay unions and gay marriages were known from pre-modern times. With the changing of the socio-political climates since pre-modern times till today, attitudes towards gay unions/marriages seemed to havethat the Bible does not categorically say anything about committed, monogamous gay unions or gay marriages. The focus of this research was to determine the impacts of the Resolution on gay ministers and gay candidate ministers. From their stories certain themes revealing the impacts were co-constructed by the co-researchers and the researcher. According to a negotiated meaning-making process a fragile and incomplete understanding of the gay ministers’ and gay candidate ministers’ immense suffering due to their experience of rejection and humiliation by the DRC was formulated. This reiterated the Shame of being gay. In terms of the discrimination levelled against gay ministers, it could, according to the Constitution of South Africa, be regarded as fair. This research suggested that the fairness of the discrimination should be revisited. changed. A study of the biblical texts led to the tentative and incomplete understanding / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / gm2015 / Practical Theology / PhD / Unrestricted

(in English) This Master's work attempts to present the broadside ballad's phenomenon in the context of the Czech lands, should summarize the historical evolution of this peculiar literary style and the themes' compilation depending on historical period. Through the metody of comparison it tries to analyze the representative groups of broadside ballads inspired by the religious and folk environment and assess the hypothesis about the influence of topics' character on the structure and composition of a particular song.

The purpose of this study was to examine how sexual satisfaction in older marriages (marriages with at least one spouse between the ages of 55 and 75) was affected by family-of-origin distress (recent measure of recollection of childhood experiences) and marital distress (measure of current marital relationship) for husbands and wives. The hypotheses of this study were that both family-of-origin distress and marital distress would have negative effects on sexual satisfaction for older couples, with marital distress having a direct, negative effect on sexual satisfaction and with family-of-origin distress having an indirect, negative effect on sexual satisfaction through its influence on marital distress. The sample consisted of 614 older couples (approximate average age of 65 for husbands and 62 for wives) who participated in the Project Couple Retire research project which provided the data for this study. Each participant completed the Project Couple Retire questionnaire which included the Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised (MSI-R) (1997), the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR) (1981), and other instruments measuring various factors relating to older marriages. A conceptual model was created consisting of three latent variables: sexual satisfaction, family-of-origin distress, and marital distress. The latent dependent variable, sexual satisfaction, was measured by the MSI-R sexual dissatisfaction (SEX) scale and the sexual intimacy scale of the PAIR inventory. One of the latent independent variables, family-of-origin distress, was originally measured by both the MSI-R family history of distress (FAM) scale and an additional instrument from the Project Couple Retire questionnaire measuring history of abuse. However, the history of abuse measure was eventually dropped from the study due to poor measurement fit. The other latent independent variable, marital distress, was measured by the affective communication (AFC) and time together (TTO) scales of the MSI-R. The data in this study was dyadic, with each variable including data from both husbands and wives. Therefore, both actor and partner effects were examined. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the conceptual model. Findings indicated that both family-of-origin distress and marital distress negatively affected sexual satisfaction in older marriages for both husbands and wives when considering both indirect and direct effects.