<p> This study describes the analysis of orientation of elongate quartz grains in massive turbidite sandstones from the Chetco Formation (Jurassic) of southwestern Oregon. Inferences on depositional fabric of this resedimented facies are made.</p> <p> Grain orientation in the plane parallel to bedding is generally not highly significant statistically, and current direction, supplied by imbrication, is not persistent vertically through the beds. However, a rotation pattern of current direction in each bed is detected.</p> <p> Variations in orientation distribution could represent variations in sediment concentration of the flow and in the rate of deposition.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

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This research addresses green communication issues, including energy efficiency, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and power amplifier (PA) linearization. Green communication is expected to be a primary goal in next generation cellular systems because it promises to reduce operating costs. The first key issue is energy efficiency of distributed antenna systems (DASs). The power consumption of high power amplifiers (HPAs) used in wireless communication systems is determined by the transmit power and drain efficiency. For unequal power allocation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the drain efficiency of the PA is determined by the PAPR and hence by the power distribution. This research proposes a PAPR-aware energy-efficient resource allocation scheme for joint orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)/space division multiple access (SDMA) downlink transmission from DASs. Grouping-based SDMA is applied to exploit the spatial diversity while avoiding performance degradation from correlated channels. The developed scheme considers the impact of both system data rate and effective power consumption on the PAPR during resource allocation. We also present a suboptimal joint subcarrier and power allocation algorithm to facilitate implementation of power-efficient multi-channel wireless communications. By solving Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, a closed-form solution for the power allocation of each remote radio head is obtained. The second key issue is related with PAPR reduction in the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The large number of PAs in next generation massive MIMO cellular communication system requires using inexpensive PAs at the base station to keep array cost reasonable. Large-scale multiuser (MU) MIMO systems can provide extra spatial degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) for PAPR reduction. This work applies both recurrent neural network (RNN)- and semidefinite relaxation (SDR)-based schemes for different purposes to reduce PAPR. The highly parallel structure of RNN is proposed in this work to address the issues of scalability and stringent requirements on computational times in PAPR-aware precoding problem. An SDR-based framework is proposed to reduce PAPR that accommodates channel uncertainties and intercell coordination. Both of the proposed structures reduce linearity requirements and enable the use of lower cost RF components for large-scale MU-MIMO-OFDM downlink. The third key issue is digital predistortion (DPD) in the massive MIMO systems. The primary source of nonlinear distortion in wireless transmitters is the PA, which is commonly modeled using polynomials. Conventional DPD schemes use high-order polynomials to accurately approximate and compensate for the nonlinearity of the PA. This is impractical for scaling to tens or hundreds of PAs in massive MIMO systems. This work therefore proposes a scalable DPD method, achieved by exploiting massive DoFs of next generation front ends. We propose a novel indirect learning structure which adapts the channel and PA distortion iteratively by cascading adaptive zero-forcing precoding and DPD. Experimental results show that over 70% of computational complexity is saved for the proposed solution, it is shown that a 3rd order polynomial with the new solution achieves the same performance as the conventional DPD using 11th order polynomial for a 100x10 massive MIMO configuration. / Ph. D. / The global climate change has emerged as a critical issue over the last decades. The increasing popularity of wireless communication networks, has resulted in information and communication technology becoming a non-negligible contributor to the overall carbon footprint. The increasing number of base stations and remote radio heads leads to higher operating expenditure mainly because of the higher energy consumption. This growth can be attributed not only to the increase in the number of smart devices in emerging economies, but also to the growth of shared multimedia data and online games. The wireless industry needs significant improvements in the energy efficiency of base stations and other network infrastructure to compensate for the increased energy demands from the network growth. Therefore, designing energy-efficient communication systems has become a critical issue for 5G, which promises massive deployment of smart devices served new infrastructure elements. In this dissertation, we primarily investigate the theoretical foundations and practical algorithms for the next generation wireless technologies, and discuss the impact of ongoing trends in cellular communications, such as shrinking cell sizes and multi-antenna system deployments, on energy-efficient 5G networks. The theoretical development and wireless algorithms are valuable for the deployment of next generation wireless network systems

När en spelstudio ska designa ett dataspel är det viktigt att veta hur konsumenten, det vill säga spelaren, kommer att spela spelet. Därför är det avgörande att genomföra speltester och samla in digital information för att få en så klar bild som möjligt över hur en spelare interagerar när denne spelar. En viktig sak för utvecklaren är att försöka få spelaren att investera sig själv i spelet, både emotionellt samt med sin tid. Syftet med vår undersökning är att försöka ta reda på vilket sätt spelutvecklare kan förutse och kontrollera hur en spelare skall spela ett datorspel. Vi har valt att göra denna undersökning på en specifik spelstudio samt på ett specifikt spel. Studion vi valt är Ubisoft Massive och vi tänker undersöka hur de gick tillväga då de utvecklade sitt spel World in Conflict. Vi genomförde en kvalitativ undersökning med hermeneutik som vetenskaplig utgångspunkt och vi samlade in vår empiri med hjälp av mejlintervjuer. De teorier vi använde oss utav var: logocentrisk narrativstruktur, verfremdungseffekt, rationalitet som teori, deterministisk A.I., MDI (människa-datorinteraktion), spelstudier med inriktning ludologi samt datamining. Undersökningen visar att Ubisoft Massive använder sig av ett flertal olika hjälpmedel för att förutbestämma hur spelaren skall spela spelet, bland annat med hjälp av datamining och speltestning. För att få spelaren mer investerad i spelet har de lagt mycket tid på många små detaljer som ljud, ljus och miljö. De använder sig av en deterministisk A.I. för att få A.I.:n att verka mer mänsklig och de använder sig olika communities för att stämma av med spelarna hur de önskar att spelet skall vara. / When a game designer starts the development of a videogame it is important to know how the consumer, that is the player, will play the game. It is crucial to perform game tests and gather other forms of information to understand how the player will interact with the game. It is also important to create a game which the player can connect to and want to immerse themselves in, emotionally as well as practically. The purpose of this study is to try to find out how game developers can predict and control how the player will play the game. We’ve decided to perform this study on one specific game developer and one of their released titles. The developer we’ve chosen is Ubisoft Massive and we’re going to examine how they went about developing the game World in Conflict. We performed a qualitative study with hermeneutics as our scientific standpoint, and we performed our empirical studies through mail-interviews. The theorems applied in the study is as follows: Logocentric narrative structure, distancing effect, rational choice theory, deterministic A.I., HCI (Human-Computer interaction), ludology based gamestudies as well as datamining. The study shows that Ubisoft Massive uses several developer tools to predict how the player will interact with the game, such as datamining and game testing. A lot of details have been used get the player invested in the game, such as lighting effects, sound design and environments. The game uses deterministic A.I. to make the non-player characters seem more organic and they’ve interacted with players on communities to find out what players are looking for in games.

O estudo apresenta uma análise dos fios/vazios que se traçam na elaboração da fanpage Diário de Classe: a verdade, criada pela adolescente Isadora Faber. A página, que tornou-se manchete em diferentes canais midiáticos, apresenta denúncias sobre a situação de precariedade de algumas instalações que a escola Maria Tomázia Coelho, localizada na cidade de Florianópolis em Santa Catarina, apresentava. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho está em investigar de que maneira a página em questão tornou-se um fenômeno na grande rede a partir das publicações realizadas por Isadora Faber. Para a realização da pesquisa baseamo-nos na entrevista cedida pela autora da página, de algumas reportagens publicadas online e de uma análise exploratória do corpo da fanpage. O trabalho apresenta apontamentos que retratam inicialmente de que maneira as novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação estão inseridas em nossas vidas e em especial, na escola, tratando o tema como uma expressão que vem sendo abordada como uma ideia de impacto, todavia. A abordagem rede/nós e vazio/furo foram trabalhados de maneira a estabelecermos um paralelo entre os termos e delinearmos nossa metodologia de estudo, então. Em um terceiro momento, os termos massivo e pós-massivo de comunicação foram tratados nesta pesquisa como forma de entendimento do que se configuraria suas características e de uma relação que o primeiro estabelece no segundo. As considerações do estudo, indica, então, outros furos e nós que serão estabelecidos pelo leitor deste texto, no entanto. / The study presents an analysis of the wires/ blanks that are traced in the work out of the fanpage Diário de Classe: a verdade, created by teen Isadora Faber. The page, which became headlines in different media channels, shows deletions about the precarious situation of some installations that Maria Tomázia Coelho, located in Florianopolis in Santa Catarina, presented. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate how this page became a fenomenous on the Internet by the publications made. For the research we based on the interview given by the author of the page, online published reports and an analysis of the fanpages body. The paper presents notes that initially shows how the new Information and Communication Technologies are introduced in our lives and especially at school, treating the subject as an expression that has been treated as an idea of the impact, however. The approach wire/ node and empty/hole were worked out in order to establish a parallel between the terms and delineate our study methodology, then. In a third step, the post-massive and massive terms of communication were treated in this study as a way of understanding what it would configure its features and a relationship that the first establishes with the second. The considerations of the study, then, indicates other holes and that will be set by the reader of this text, however.

O estudo apresenta uma análise dos fios/vazios que se traçam na elaboração da fanpage Diário de Classe: a verdade, criada pela adolescente Isadora Faber. A página, que tornou-se manchete em diferentes canais midiáticos, apresenta denúncias sobre a situação de precariedade de algumas instalações que a escola Maria Tomázia Coelho, localizada na cidade de Florianópolis em Santa Catarina, apresentava. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho está em investigar de que maneira a página em questão tornou-se um fenômeno na grande rede a partir das publicações realizadas por Isadora Faber. Para a realização da pesquisa baseamo-nos na entrevista cedida pela autora da página, de algumas reportagens publicadas online e de uma análise exploratória do corpo da fanpage. O trabalho apresenta apontamentos que retratam inicialmente de que maneira as novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação estão inseridas em nossas vidas e em especial, na escola, tratando o tema como uma expressão que vem sendo abordada como uma ideia de impacto, todavia. A abordagem rede/nós e vazio/furo foram trabalhados de maneira a estabelecermos um paralelo entre os termos e delinearmos nossa metodologia de estudo, então. Em um terceiro momento, os termos massivo e pós-massivo de comunicação foram tratados nesta pesquisa como forma de entendimento do que se configuraria suas características e de uma relação que o primeiro estabelece no segundo. As considerações do estudo, indica, então, outros furos e nós que serão estabelecidos pelo leitor deste texto, no entanto. / The study presents an analysis of the wires/ blanks that are traced in the work out of the fanpage Diário de Classe: a verdade, created by teen Isadora Faber. The page, which became headlines in different media channels, shows deletions about the precarious situation of some installations that Maria Tomázia Coelho, located in Florianopolis in Santa Catarina, presented. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate how this page became a fenomenous on the Internet by the publications made. For the research we based on the interview given by the author of the page, online published reports and an analysis of the fanpages body. The paper presents notes that initially shows how the new Information and Communication Technologies are introduced in our lives and especially at school, treating the subject as an expression that has been treated as an idea of the impact, however. The approach wire/ node and empty/hole were worked out in order to establish a parallel between the terms and delineate our study methodology, then. In a third step, the post-massive and massive terms of communication were treated in this study as a way of understanding what it would configure its features and a relationship that the first establishes with the second. The considerations of the study, then, indicates other holes and that will be set by the reader of this text, however.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) sind darauf ausgelegt, im tertiären Bildungsbereich den Wissenserwerb zu fördern, ohne dass die formalen Strukturen einer Ausbildungseinrichtung relevant sind. Dazu werden die Teilnehmer nicht persönlich von Dozenten betreut, sondern sind selbstgesteuert, oder werden durch kollaborative Lernmethoden aktiviert. Der Leistungszwang ist daher geringer, die Anzahl derjenigen, die Kurse abbrechen, jedoch ungleich höher. Durchschnittlich schließen maximal 10% der Teilnehmer ihren MOOC-Kurs ab.

The present paper proposes a critical revision of the massive truth notion, in the context of Donald Davidson’s criticism to skepticism. It´s distinguished in Davidson’s work a cuantitative sense and a cualitative sense of the massive truth, asserting that the first one has been more frequently used and has had just an intuitive level of elucidation. The main problems associated to the cuantitative notion of massive truth are revised in relation to the quantification of beliefs, the detection of error on a background of truth and the application of the Davidsonian methodology to non perceptual beliefs. Over this revision it is proposed the substitution of the cuantitative notion of massive truth for a cualitative notion, and are analized its advantages over eventual skeptical objections. / El presente trabajo propone una revisión crítica de la noción de verdad masiva, en el contexto de la crítica de Donald Davidson al escepticismo. Se distingue en la obra de Davidson un sentido cuantitativo y uno cualitativo de verdad masiva, afirmando que el primero ha sido de uso más frecuente y ha contado con un nivel de elucidación solamente intuitivo. Se revisan los principales problemas asociados a la noción cuantitativa de verdad masiva, en relación con la cuantificación de las creencias, la detección del error sobre un trasfondo de verdad y la aplicación de la metodología davidsoniana a creencias no perceptuales. Sobre esta revisión se propone la sustitución de la noción cuantitativa de verdad masiva por una noción cualitativa, y se analizan sus ventajas frentea eventuales objeciones escépticas.