Orientadores: Miriam Dupas Hubinger, Maurício Cordeiro Mancini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:39:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbosaJunior_JoseLucena_D.pdf: 4931772 bytes, checksum: 5fdb9ceed2ad1ed3a83ecc56417278cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi propor um modelo matemático baseado na redução da taxa de perda de água durante o processo de desidratação osmótica de melão tipo honeydew orange flesh. Paralelamente, procurou-se verificar a influência da temperatura (25-45 ºC), tipo (sacarose e xarope de milho) e concentração da solução (29 a 57% em peso de sacarose e 34 a 66% em peso de xarope de milho) na cinética do processo de desidratação/impregnação e determinar as melhores condições de temperatura e concentração das soluções osmóticas, mediante planejamentos fatoriais 22. O estudo cinético do processo foi realizado em fatias de melão com 5 mm de espessura e 30 x 40 mm2 de área de transferência submetidas ao processo por até 1440 minutos. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram ajustados aos modelos de Fick, Peleg e ao modelo de n-redução da taxa inicial de desidratação/impregnação proposto neste trabalho. Para fins práticos, usou-se a redução à metade da taxa inicial (n=2) e o modelo foi chamado de "tempo de meia vida". Por fim, avaliou-se a qualidade do produto processado em ambos os solutos. Para tal, foram avaliados o perfil de açúcares, o teor de carotenoides, a variação dos parâmetros instrumentais de cor, a capacidade antioxidante (FRAP, DPPH e teor de fenólicos totais) e os parâmetros estruturais (ensaios de compressão axial e micrografia) das amostras in natura e processadas osmoticamente nos tempos de n-reduções (n=2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 e ?). O modelo proposto apresentou boa correlação aos dados experimentais de perda de água e de ganho de sólidos, cujos valores calculados nos tempos necessários para n-reduções da taxa inicial foram fortemente influenciados pelo valor de n. Nas soluções de sacarose, os valores médios da perda de água calculados nesses instantes (PA(t1/n)) foram: 16,1±2,4; 21,9±4,8; 24,8±3,4; 27,6±3,7 e 29,8±4,1 (gágua/100 gamostra); para n igual a 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6, respectivamente. Já nas soluções de xarope de milho obtiveram-se: 17,9±3,5; 22,8±4,8; 36,7±5,7; 29,6±6,3 e 32,0±6,8 (gágua/100 gamostra); para n igual a 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6, respectivamente. Consequentemente, quando n??, PA(t1/n) tendeu a PA?. O planejamento experimental demonstrou que, de modo geral, a concentração foi a variável mais importante no processo e apresentou efeito positivo nos processos de desidratação (PA) e de impregnação (GS). A temperatura apresentou efeito positivo, sobretudo, em altas concentrações de sacarose e xarope de milho. As condições escolhidas para avaliar a qualidade dos produtos processados foram de 28 ºC e 53% de sacarose e 28 ºC e 61% de xarope de milho. O xarope de milho apresentou uma melhor eficiência na transferência de massa do processo (menores ganhos de sólidos) e ambos os solutos influenciaram a qualidade de maneira semelhante. O xarope de milho, forneceu amostras com menor alteração na doçura relativa, mas com maiores alterações estruturais / Abstract: The aim of this work was to propose a mathematical model based on dehydration rate reduction during the osmotic dehydration of orange flesh honeydew melon. The influence of temperature (25-45 ºC), type (sucrose and corn syrup solids) and concentration of solution (29 to 57% w/w of sucrose and 34 to 66% w/w of corn syrup solids) on kinetics of dehydration/impregnation processes was verified. A 22 full factorial design was utilized in order to provide the best process conditions (temperature and concentration of solution) for each type of solute. Melon slices (5 mm thick and 30 x 40 mm2 superficial area) were subjected to osmotic solutions for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 600 and 1440 minutes. The experimental data were fitted by the models of Peleg, Fick and the n-reduction time of dehydration/impregnation time model, which was proposed in the present work. The half-life (n=2) concept was used for practical purposes. Final product quality was evaluated, in terms of sugar profile, carotenoids content, color measurements, antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH and total phenolics content) and the structure (compression tests and micrographs) for in natura and processed sample during the n-reduction times of dehydration rates (n=2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 e ?). The proposed model presented a good correlation with the experimental data of water loss (WL) and solids gain (SG), whose obtained values were strongly influenced by process extension (n). In sucrose solutions, the WL values obtained in n-reduction times of dehydration rates were 16.1±2.4; 21.9±4.8; 24.8±3.4; 27.6±3.7 e 29.8±4.1 (gwater/100 gsample); for n = 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6, respectively. For corn syrup solutions, the values were 17.9±3.5; 22.8±4.8; 36.7±5.7; 29.6±6.3 e 32.0±6.8 (gwater/100 gsample), n = 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6, respectively. Consequently, if n??, WL(t1/n) has tended to the water loss at equilibrium values (WL?). The full factorial desing showed that the solution concentration was the most important variable, presenting a positive effect on dehydration and impregnation processes. The solution temperature also showed a positive effect, at high sucrose and corn syrup solids concentrations. In order to evaluate the product quality, the following conditions were chosen: 28 ºC (for both osmotic agents) and 53% w/w for sucrose and 61% w/w for corn syrup. The corn syrup solids presented a greater efficiency on mass transfer (similar WL, but lower SG) and both solutes provided produtcts with similar quality attributes. However, the samples osmo-dehydrated in corn syrup solutions showed relative sweetness values similar to fresh fruits, but a greater structural changes than those dehydrated in sucrose solutions / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Janito Vaqueiro Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T09:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GordilloCarrillo_CamiloAndres_M.pdf: 5104981 bytes, checksum: cd95669708a4fb537590b77509d111b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O conceito de Hardware In the Loop (HIL) é bastante útil em indústrias automotivas e em indústrias espaciais, já que sistemas complexos são difíceis de se modelar. Este conceito proporciona uma grande confiabilidade aos resultados, diminui o risco de avaria dos equipamentos e dos usuários em seu funcionamento, como também uma diminuição do tempo no desenvolvimento de projetos. Tudo isto sem precisar de um orçamento elevado ou protótipos elaborados para realização de testes. Neste trabalho propõem-se duas estratégias para solucionar o problema do atraso (delay) apresentado pelo sinal de resposta nos sistemas HIL em tempo real, levando-se em conta a sequência de execução real dos processos, bem como também outros aspectos como dos sistemas de aquisição e atuação (inercia, limitações de hardware e software, tempo de amostragem). Os resultados obtidos através das estratégias propostas foram analisados e comparados com resultados numéricos em uma bancada experimental obtendo uma boa concordância eliminando o atraso na resposta / Abstract: The Hardware In the Loop (HIL) concept is useful in automotive and spaceship industries, because of the difficulty of modeling complex systems. This concept provides great reliability at the results, decrease the risk of damage to the equipment and to the user operation, as well as decreasing the time of projects development. All of this without requiring a high budget or developing prototypes for testing. This study propose a strategy to solve the delay problem presented by the response signal in real time HIL systems, considering a real execution sequence of the process, as well as other aspects such as in the acquisition and the actuation systems (inertia, hardware and software limitations, sample time). The results obtained through the proposed strategies was analyzed and compared with numerical results in a testing platform with excellent concordance eliminating the delay in the response / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Quantitative exploration of biological pathway networks must begin with a qualitative understanding of them. Often researchers aggregate and disseminate experimental data using regulatory diagrams with ad hoc notations leading to ambiguous interpretations of presented results. This thesis has two main aims. First, it develops software to allow researchers to aggregate pathway data diagrammatically using the Molecular Interaction Map (MIM) notation in order to gain a better qualitative understanding of biological systems. Secondly, it develops a quantitative biological model to study the effect of DNA damage on circadian rhythms. The second aim benefits from the first by making use of visual representations to identify potential system boundaries for the quantitative model. I focus first on software for the MIM notation - a notation to concisely visualize bioregulatory complexity and to reduce ambiguity for readers. The thesis provides a formalized MIM specification for software implementation along with a base layer of software components for the inclusion of the MIM notation in other software packages. It also provides an implementation of the specification as a user-friendly tool, PathVisio-MIM, for creating and editing MIM diagrams along with software to validate and overlay external data onto the diagrams. I focus secondly on the application of the MIM software to the quantitative exploration of the poorly understood role of SIRT1 and PARP1, two NAD+-dependent enzymes, in the regulation of circadian rhythms during DNA damage response. SIRT1 and PARP1 participate in the regulation of several key DNA damage-repair proteins and are the subjects of study as potential cancer therapeutic targets. In this part of the thesis, I present an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model that simulates the core circadian clock and the involvement of SIRT1 in both the positive and negative arms of circadian regulation. I then use this model is then used to predict a potential role for the competition for NAD+ supplies by SIRT1 and PARP1 leading to the observed behavior of primarily phase advancement of circadian oscillations during DNA damage response. The model further predicts a potential mechanism by which multiple forms of post-transcriptional modification may cooperate to produce a primarily phase advancement.

abstract: Cancer is a disease involving abnormal growth of cells. Its growth dynamics is perplexing. Mathematical modeling is a way to shed light on this progress and its medical treatments. This dissertation is to study cancer invasion in time and space using a mathematical approach. Chapter 1 presents a detailed review of literature on cancer modeling. Chapter 2 focuses sorely on time where the escape of a generic cancer out of immune control is described by stochastic delayed differential equations (SDDEs). Without time delay and noise, this system demonstrates bistability. The effects of response time of the immune system and stochasticity in the tumor proliferation rate are studied by including delay and noise in the model. Stability, persistence and extinction of the tumor are analyzed. The result shows that both time delay and noise can induce the transition from low tumor burden equilibrium to high tumor equilibrium. The aforementioned work has been published (Han et al., 2019b). In Chapter 3, Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is studied using a partial differential equation (PDE) model. GBM is an aggressive brain cancer with a grim prognosis. A mathematical model of GBM growth with explicit motility, birth, and death processes is proposed. A novel method is developed to approximate key characteristics of the wave profile, which can be compared with MRI data. Several test cases of MRI data of GBM patients are used to yield personalized parameterizations of the model. The aforementioned work has been published (Han et al., 2019a). Chapter 4 presents an innovative way of forecasting spatial cancer invasion. Most mathematical models, including the ones described in previous chapters, are formulated based on strong assumptions, which are hard, if not impossible, to verify due to complexity of biological processes and lack of quality data. Instead, a nonparametric forecasting method using Gaussian processes is proposed. By exploiting the local nature of the spatio-temporal process, sparse (in terms of time) data is sufficient for forecasting. Desirable properties of Gaussian processes facilitate selection of the size of the local neighborhood and computationally efficient propagation of uncertainty. The method is tested on synthetic data and demonstrates promising results. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 2020

In this thesis, a system of ordinary differential equations (ODES) is presented to model the population dynamics between poachers and rhino as a predator-prey system in both South Africa (SA) and the Kruger National Park (KNP). The data used in this thesis consists mainly of government and police reports, as well publications from several NGOs and the limitations caused by this lack of applicable data are explored. The system dynamics are based on Lotka-Volterra differential equations, which are extended to include both a carrying capacity and the Allee effect. This thesis parameterises a model of the dynamics of the interaction between rhino and poachers for some time t and makes predictions based on the interpolation of the available data. The unknown rates and parameters relating to the behaviour of populations R and P are optimised by initially using a combination of educated guesses made from the available data or trial and error until set values are obtained. The remaining unknowns are numerically optimised based on the fixed value parameters. This is considered a constrained system, and the results obtained can only be viewed as constrained predictions based on parameter values obtained by a combination of trial and error and numerical optimisation; namely root mean square (RMS) error considering the available data and model solution at time t. Those parameter values obtained through RMS are regarded as error-minimising parameters within the scope of this research, and make up the final models which are referred to as the models which have been fitted to data. This thesis is an introductory, exploratory work into future attempts at modeling population dynamics with very little or no available data. The models are solved for in a constrained system, limiting the resulting predictions to constrained estimates based on the assigned values to unknown parameters. These solutions predict rhino stabilisation for both models, with active poachers dying out in the KNP but general co-existence observed across SA, within the constrained system.

The microcirculation system is crucial for the function of delivering biological markers such as oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from all the cells forming the complex ma- trix of tissue in the body. To keep up with the demands of each and every cell, there is a response from the microvasculature - resulting from for instance changes in blood flow to the tissue area. Infections cause disturbances in this important system, which increases the risk of development into one of the world’s most common syndrome - sepsis. This con- dition can be explained as a biological response affecting each and every vital organ, and can as a result of the dysfunction be life threatening. Studies have shown when monitoring pulse and respiratory rate the response is not visually quick enough to be able to determine the gravity in the state of the patient. The primarily chosen biological markers were oxy- genated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin present in blood, respectively melanin in the skin. This was performed using the optical instrument Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging in combination with a Tissue Viability Imager respectively an Enhanced Perfusion and Oxygen Saturation-equipment. The formulated aim for this thesis was separated into an optical part and a mathematical modeling part. Regarding the optical section the aim was to understand if there were any optical methods more preferable to detect changes in the microcirculation, whilst the modeling section aimed to understand how to construct the best adjusted model for the changes in the biological markers and how these could be related to sepsis. Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging is an optical technique able to generate two- dimensional maps of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient of a biological tissue surface. The skin of healthy subjects were illuminated with RGB-LEDs to detect the chromophores of interest. The data obtained from the experimental sessions was then collected to work as a base for building a mathematical model. The experimental session was performed with a total of six healthy subjects and the data was collected dur- ing a control-measurement and a simulated sepsis-measurement using a pressure chamber and applying negative pressure to the lower part of the body. The mathematical model was based on theory regarding the biological events of sepsis in the microcirculation and was described by ordinary differential equations. The results were presented in graphs and the resulting model likewise, with an addi- tional figure to describe the source of associated equations written to describe the events. An observation of a distinct difference in the deoxygenated, respectively oxygenated hemoglobin could be observed and did show in general more changes during the measure- ments using a lower body negative pressure chamber. The chosen optical approach was the Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging equipment along with the mathematical model named as the Macro-Micro model due to its more realistic design. Future improvements were dis- cussed and summarized as a repetition of the experimental sessions and including more parameters and relationships between the biological markers and the model. This would contribute to more robust results.

The osmotic fragility (OF) test is used to determine the extent of red blood cell hemolysis (RBCH) produced by osmotic stress. RBCH is dependent upon cell volume, surface area, and functional integrity of cell membranes. The variation of cell lysis with stress reflects underlying cell subpopulations and their membranes' cytoskeletal functionality. OF was determined on blood from New Zealand white rabbits. The dependence of RBCH on NaCl concentration ([NaCl]) was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring absorbance (Abs) from hemoglobin release at 545 nm. Abs data were fitted to the equation Abs = p3 erfc( ([NaCl] - p1) p2) where p3 reflects maximum RBCH, p1 measures the [NaCl] at 50% RBCH, and p2 shows the dispersion in [NaCl] producing the RBCH. Parameter values for control blood were p1 = 0.4489 ± 0.0016; p2 = 0.0486 ± 0.0016; and p3 = 0.4366 ± 0.0022. Addition of indomethacin (9.6 μg/mL) produced an increased fragility in the RBC's characterized by increased values of p1 and p2. Normalization of the data to p3 did not change the values of p1 or p2. Our equation satisfactorily describes the variation in RBCH as a function of [NaCl]. The parameters of the equation can be used to quantitatively characterize Abs/[NaCl]. The compare pharmacological, Toxicological, and pathological effects on the OF of RBC's.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20324号 / 工博第4261号 / 新制||工||1660(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木村 亮, 教授 三村 衛, 准教授 木元 小百合 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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