Thesis--Göteborg. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis--Göteborg. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guiotti_am_me_araca.pdf: 769780 bytes, checksum: 381f985ad016f2bce7728744d48fbe14 (MD5) / The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of time exposure to the environmental factors, chemical disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine-based solution and two distincts pigments about dimensional changing and maintenance of details of two silicones for use in maxillofacial prosthesis. Thirty specimens were fabricated for each silicone using a matrix, conformed closely to the specifications for nonaqueous, elastomeric dental impression materials established by the Revised American Dental Association n° 19 and the ISO 4823:1984. Specimens were separated in three groups: control (colourless), pigmented with commercial cosmetic (makeup powders) and pigmented with iron oxid. Specimens were analysed in a comparator microscopic (Carl Zeiss) and stereoscopic loupe. The readings were realized after polymerization of the specimens, and after 30 and 60 days, with and 157 without disinfection. The data were submited to the statistic analysis, by the Tukey’s Test. The results indicated that all groups presented contraction; the chemical disinfection only changed the dimensional stability of the Silastic cosmetic pigmented group; the dimensional stability of Silastic was affected after 60 days of exposition in all groups. For the Brascoved silicone, the chemical disinfection only didn´t have influence about dimensional stability in initial period; the exposition factor had influence about the dimensional stability of Brascoved in all periods and groups. The details were maintained in all specimens for both silicones, independent of the exposition time, of the pigments or disinfection.

Orientador: Marcelo Coelho Goiato / Coorientadora: Daniela Micheline dos Santos / Banca: Stefan Fiuza de Carvalho Dekon / Banca: Renan Aparecido Fernandes / Resumo: Contexto: Os materiais para confecção de próteses bucomaxilofaciais estão em constante necessidade de aprimoramento, devido a sua curta longevidade. Novos matérias e metodologias necessitam ser testados para solucionar tal defasagem. Objetivo: Avaliar a estabilidade cromática, sorção e solubilidade e rugosidade dos elastômeros MDX4-4210 e A-120, utilizados na confecção de próteses maxilofaciais. Avaliou-se a influência do plasma de baixa temperatura (PBT), a presença de pigmento (dois tipos de pigmentos inorgânicos) e o envelhecimento acelerado. Materiais e métodos: Foram confeccionadas 160 e divididas em 16 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tipo de silocone, pigmento e uso ou não do PBT. O plasma aplicado apresenta uma composição de 70% hexametildisiloxano, 20% O, and 10% Ar. Foi avaliado a estabilidade cromática, a rugosidade superficial (Ra), e sorção e solubilidade dos silicones antes e após envelhecimento. Resultados: O silicone A-120 apresentou melhores resultados de estabilidade cromática, que foi influenciada pela aplicação do plasma (P<0,001), A-120 com plasma (ΔE=1,13) com pigmento bronze e A-120 com plasma (ΔE=1,01) com pigmento orbipasta. A rugosidade apresentou diferença entre os silicones e o tempo (P<0,001) com valores de Ra entre 0,14nm e 0,39 nm, o grupo com menor rugosidade foi do silicone A-120 com plasma. A sorção e solubilidade foi diferente entre os pigmentos avaliados, os grupos com pigmento bronze apresentaram menor sorção e solubilidade após aplicação do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Abstract : Statement of problem : The manufacturing materials of maxillofacial prostheses are in constant need of improvements due its poor longevity. Aim: Evaluate the chromatic stability, surface roughness and sorption and solubility of two silicones, MDX4 - 4210 and A - 120 with two intrinsic pigments and the application of a nonthermal plasma (NTP) . Methods: One - hundred and sixty specimens were fabricated and distributed in to 16 groups (n=10) according to the silicone, pigment and plasma coat. The NTP was applied with a mixture of 70% hexamethyldisiloxane, 20% O, and 10% Ar. The chromatic stability, surface roughness (Ra) and sorption and solubility were evaluated. Results : A - 120 presented better chromatic stability results, which we re influenced by the NTP ( P <0,001) ; group A - 120 with bronze pigment ( Δ E=1,13) and A - 120 with orbipasta pigment ( Δ E=1,01) were the best results . Surface roughness presented a difference for period and group ( P <0,001) with Ra ranging from 0,14nm to 0,39 nm ; the least rough result was from A - 120 with NTPS. Sorption and solubil ity were different for the pigments, the bronze pigment groups presented the smallest results after NT P treatment ( P <0,001). Conclusion: NTP is a viable option to improve physical properties of maxillofacial silicones. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_ma_dr_araca.pdf: 1206903 bytes, checksum: e60185ae2ca3ba06ca8c4ce379f7be59 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi classificar e determinar a prevalência dos indivíduos portadores de comprometimento vertical nas relações faciais, conforme a severidade da discrepância e, especialmente, dos portadores de Padrão Face Longa, de acordo com grupos raciais, sexo e grupos etários. A amostra constou de 5020 sujeitos de nacionalidade brasileira, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 anos e 16 anos e 11 meses, matriculados no Ensino Fundamental do município de Bauru-SP. Na anamnese foram coletados: nome completo, sexo, raça, data de nascimento e série do Ensino Fundamental. O exame da morfologia facial constou da observação direta da face, em norma frontal e lateral, sempre com os lábios em repouso, buscando identificar aqueles indivíduos que apresentassem comprometimento vertical nas relações faciais. Estes, uma vez identificados, foram classificados considerando-se a severidade, em três subtipos: moderado, médio e grave. Para fins de determinação da prevalência dos portadores de Padrão Face Longa, apenas os classificados como dos subtipos médio e grave foram considerados. Observou-se uma prevalência de 34,94% de comprometimento vertical nas relações faciais e 14,06% de Padrão Face Longa. Proporcionalmente, a raça preta apresentou maior prevalência para os portadores de comprometimento vertical, seguida pelas raças parda, amarela e branca. Para os portadores de Padrão Face Longa, a raça preta apresentou, novamente, maior prevalência, seguida pelas raças parda, branca e amarela. O sexo masculino foi mais prevalente nos portadores de comprometimento vertical, com exceção da raça preta, na qual o sexo feminino foi mais prevalente na amostra avaliada. O Padrão Face Longa foi mais prevalente para o sexo masculino na raça branca, e com significância estatística, para as raças parda e amarela. / This study aimed to classify and determine the prevalence of individuals with vertical alteration of facial relationships, according to the severity of discrepancy, especially individuals with long face pattern, according to ethnicity, gender and age. The sample was composed of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian nationality, of both genders, aged 10 years to 16 years 11 months, attending fundamental schools at the city of Bauru-SP. The anamnesis comprised collection of full name, gender, ethnicity, birth date and grade at the fundamental school. Examination of facial morphology comprised direct observation of the face in frontal and lateral views, always with the lip at rest, aiming to identify the individuals presenting vertical alteration of facial relationships. After identification, these individuals were scored, according to severity, into three subtypes, namely mild, moderate and severe. The prevalence of individuals with long face pattern considered only the individuals scored as subtypes moderate and severe. There was prevalence of 34.94% of vertical alteration of facial relationships and 14.06% of long face pattern. Proportionally, individuals of black ethnicity exhibited higher prevalence of vertical alteration, followed by mixed, Asian and white ethnicities. Long face pattern was also more prevalent among individuals of black ethnicity, followed by mixed, white and Asian ethnicities. The male gender was more prevalent among individuals with vertical alteration, except for the black ethnicity, in which the female gender was more prevalent in the study sample. The long face pattern was more prevalent for males for white ethnicity, with statistically significant difference for the mixed and Asian ethnicities. For the black ethnicity, despite the absence of statistical significance, the females presented higher prevalence.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: VST-50 (a room temperature-vulcanizing silicone (RTV) by Factor II Inc.) has long been proposed as a potential alternative material for MDX4-4210, another RTV by Dow Corning Corp. and the current material of choice for maxillofacial prosthesis. Though VST-50 has similar chemistry and flexibility as MDX4-4210, its mechanical properties is still too low for it to be used in the clinic. An improvement in the mechanical property of VST-50 is a critical step to bring the material to clinical application. Objective: To investigate the effect of AEROSIL® R 812S (colloid silica) addition on the mechanical properties of VST-50 and compared to that of MDX4-4210. Methods: The VST-50 was mixed with AEROSIL® R 812S at 2 or 4 parts per hundred parts of rubber. That material was mixed with the catalyst under vacuum. The mixture was poured onto a machined plastic mold to produce a silicone sheet 3.0 ± 0.2 mm thick. All samples were prepared by manufacturer recommended method. Testing samples were prepared and tested following ISO 37 for tensile strength, ASTM D624 for tear strength and ASTM D2240 for shore A hardness test. One way ANOVA was used to compare the groups (Alpha=0.05). Result: Significant differences (P<0.001) were found between MDX4-4210 and modified VST-50 groups. The mean value of tensile strength, tear strength and hardness of VST-50 (4phr colloid silica) were 7.43(MPa), 34.82(N/mm) and 40.4 respectively, compared to MDX4-4210 were 3.67(MPa), 5.48(N/mm) and 31.5, respectively. Conclusion: Modified VST-50 with 4phr silica revealed improved mechanical properties to use as a maxillofacial prosthetic silicone elastomer.

Introduction: An absolute majority of dental infections are treated without major complications. In exceptional situations dental infections can spread to surrounding structures such as the airways or even the brain leading to a life-threatening condition that requires hospitalization. According to literature, some qualified risk factors appear to be common in hospitalized patients. Aim: To outline factors typically seen in patients with acute maxillofacial infections with dental origin at Norrland University Hospital (NUS) and find possible association between these factors and the length of hospital stay.  Methods: A literature review using keywords associated with dental infections and acute throat and head infections was performed. Retrospective structured medical journal reviews of 58 patients suffering from acute maxillofacial infections which required hospitalization at NUS were analyzed. The results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software and Microsoft Office Excel. Results: The results indicated that overweight/obese people (Body Mass Index ⊵25) require longer care at the hospital due to their infection. Every other of the hospitalized patients had received dental treatment within 14 days prior to hospitalization.  Conclusions: In situations with acute maxillofacial infections of dental origin requiring hospitalization, BMI ⊵25 is eventually a risk factor. A group of patients received dental treatment for their infection, but the infection still exacerbated. How come? This requires deeper analysis with further studies.

Objetivo: Estudar e compreender aspectos topográficos e temporais do osso pré-maxilar e da sutura pré-maxilar - maxilar, por serem elementos anatômicos fundamentais pouquíssimos explorados clinicamente. Material e métodos: Foram avaliados 1138 crânios secos humanos, sendo que 116 (10,19%) dos espécimes eram crianças, e 1067 (89,81%) adultos. Os crânios foram fotografados e determinada a porcentagem de abertura da sutura pré-maxilar - maxilar. Posteriormente os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a análise estatística, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A progressão de fechamento da sutura pré-maxila - maxilar foi de 3,72% ao ano. Em 100% dos crânios até 12 anos observou-se a sutura pré-maxilar - maxilar abertas na região palatina, enquanto 6,16% dos adultos. Conclusões: A pré-maxila existe de forma independente dentro do complexo maxilar e a presença da sutura pré-maxila - maxilar justifica o sucesso de expansões anteroposterior para o crescimento do terço médio da face e solução problemas anatômicos e funcionais / Objective: To study and understand topographic and temporal aspects of premaxillary bone and premaxillary-maxillary suture, because they are fundamental anatomical elements that are rarely explored clinically. Material and methods: 1138 human dry skulls were evaluated, of which 116 (10,19%) of the specimens were children, and 1067 (89,81%) were adults. The skulls were photographed and the percentage of opening of the premaxillary - maxillary suture was determined. Subsequently the data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: The progression of premaxillary suture closure was 3.72% per year. In 100% of the skulls up to 12 years the premaxillary suture was observed open in the palatal region, while 6.16% of adults. Conclusions: The premaxilla exists in an independ way within the maxillary complex and the presence of the premaxilla-maxillary suture justifies the success of anteroposterior expansions of the maxillary complex and solves anatomical and functional problems

No description available.

Introdução: Estudos mostram que, indivíduos com deformidades dentofaciais apresentam várias alterações miofuncionais orofaciais, entretanto a condição muscular da língua isoladamente e na função de deglutição ainda não foi explorada nesses indivíduos. Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho da língua e da musculatura suprahioidea nas deformidades dentofaciais classe II e classe III, comparativamente a sujeitos controles, na máxima contração isométrica e durante a função de deglutição, por meio de exames clínicos e instrumentais. Materiais e métodos: Participaram do estudo 56 indivíduos, entre 18 e 44 anos, de ambos os gêneros, sendo 26 (média de idade de 28 anos) com deformidade dentofacial classe II (GII) e 29 (média de idade de 26 anos) com deformidade dentofacial classe III (GIII). Foram selecionados ainda 23 sujeitos controles (GC), com média de idade de 24 anos, sendo 18 mulheres e 5 homens. Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação miofuncional orofacial com escores (AMIOFE), avaliação especifica de língua com critérios do AMIOFE, análise da pressão de língua, por meio do Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) em provas de elevação, protrusão e deglutição, e eletromiografia da musculatura suprahioidea, durante a deglutição espontânea de saliva e a deglutição de 10ml de água. Foi utilizada ANOVA Fatorial para análise do efeito do gênero nos grupos e análise inter-grupos. Para análise dos resultados do AMIOFE e dos valores referentes à língua, foi aplicado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o pós teste de Dunn. Quanto à avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos suprahioideos, foi aplicado ANOVA one-way, exceto para análise quanto ao número de picos (teste de Kruskal-Wallis) e aplicado teste Anova Fatorial para verificar influência do gênero na amostra. Resultados: Em relação aos parâmetros clínicos, tanto do AMIOFE global, quanto aos escores específicos de língua, os grupos GII e GIII apresentaram menores escores comparados ao GC (p<0,00), sem diferença entre as deformidades (p>0,05). Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante quanto à pressão de língua na prova de deglutição, onde os grupos GII e GIII apresentaram valores menores que os valores do GC (p=0,02), sem diferença para as demais provas (p>0,05). Na avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos suprahioideos, em provas de deglutição espontânea e deglutição de 10ml, os grupos GII e GIII apresentaram um tempo maior de deglutição comparados ao GC (p<0,00), sem diferenças entre as deformidades. Em prova de deglutição espontânea, na variável integral, o grupo GIII apresentou valores maiores comparado ao GC (p=0,01), sem diferença entre as deformidades (p>0,05). Em prova de deglutição de 10ml de água, na variável inicial, foram observadas menores amplitudes para o GIII comparado ao GC (p=0,03), sem diferença entre as deformidades (p>0,05). Conclusão: Sujeitos com deformidades dentofaciais, comparados aos sujeitos sem deformidades dentofaciais, apresentam alterações miofuncionais orofaciais e pior desempenho da língua, na fase oral da deglutição, evidenciados a partir da avaliação clínica e avaliações instrumentais, em pressão de língua durante a deglutição com IOPI e amplitude inicial do sinal eletromiográfico, tempo de deglutição e integral do sinal eletromiográfico. / Introduction: Studies show that individuals with dentofacial deformities present several orofacial myofunctional alterations, though the muscular condition of the tongue alone and swallowing function has not been explored in these individuals. Aim: To analyze the tongue performance and suprahyoid muscles in dentofacial deformities class II and class III, compared with control subjects, in maximal isometric contraction and during swallowing function, through clinical and instrumental exams. Methods: The study included 56 subjects, between 18 and 44 years, of both genders, 26 (mean age 28 years) with dentofacial deformity class II (GII) and 29 (mean age 26 years) with dentofacial deformity class III (GIII). They were also selected 23 control subjects (CG), with a mean age of 24 years, 18 women and 5 men. Participants were submitted to orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (AMIOFE), evaluation specifies tongue with AMIOFE criteria, tongue pressure analysis, through the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) in elevation, protrusion and swallowing, and electromyography of suprahyoid muscles during spontaneous swallowing of saliva and swallowing 10ml of water. Factorial ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of gender in inter-group and group analysis. To analyze the results of AMIOFE and in the values of tongue, we applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and post test Dunn. As for the electromyographic evaluation of suprahyoid muscles was applied one-way ANOVA, except for analysis on the number of peaks (Kruskal-Wallis test) and applied Anova Factorial test to check influence of gender in the sample. Results: Regarding the clinical parameters of both the global AMIOFE, as the tongue specific scores, the GII and GIII groups had lower scores compared to the control group (p <0.00), with no difference between the deformities (p> 0.05 ). It found significant difference in the tongue of pressure in swallowing test, where the GII and GIII groups had lower values than the values of the GC group (p = 0.02), with no difference for other tests (p> 0.05 ). Electromyographic evaluation of suprahioideos muscles, evidence of spontaneous swallowing and swallowing 10ml, the GII and GIII groups had a longer swallowing compared to the CG (p <0.00), with no differences between the deformities. In evidence of spontaneous swallowing the integral variable, the GIII group showed higher values compared to the CG group (p = 0.01), with no difference between the deformities (p> 0.05). In proof swallowing 10ml of water in the initial variable were observed smaller amplitudes for GIII compared to the CG (p = 0.03), with no difference between the deformities (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Subjects with dentofacial deformity, compared to subjects without dentofacial deformities present orofacial myofunctional and poor performance changes of tongue, oral swallowing, apparent from the clinical and instrumental evaluations, tongue pressure during swallowing with IOPI and initial amplitude the electromyographic signal, swallowing time and integral of electromyographic signal.