Kantega er en diamant. En diamant som ikke har fått slipt alle fasettene sine enda. Gjennom denne oppgaven utforskes hva som skal slipes. Måten dette gjøres på er at jeg har spurt flere ansatte i Kantega Trondheim om hvilke oppfatninger de har om tydelig ledelse. Grunnen til at jeg sammenligner det å utføre tydelig ledelse med å slipe en diamant, er at når diamanten er uslipt er den grå og kan tas for å være en vanlig stein. Men når man får slipt den ser man hvor vakker den er - og man ser inn i den. De viktigste teoriene i oppgaven er innenfor feltet relasjonsledelse, det er mulig at noen vil plassere alt jeg skriver om innenfor den avgrensningen. Men samtidig er relasjonsledelse et mye større fag enn det jeg har kunnet dekke her. Jeg fikk også mange andre gode innspill fra mine kolleger om hva tydelig - og utydelig - ledelse er, enn det jeg kunne ta med i denne oppgaven. Jeg argumenterer for at det er viktig at vi som ledere forstår hvilke ledelsesmodeller vi jobber innenfor, og at vi oppfører oss som rollemodeller - spesielt i den verdibaserte delen av vår ledelse, men også ellers. Jeg forteller også at det ser ut som ledelsesfilosofien trenger å bli litt tydeligere, og at vi må gi tillit og ha troen på hvert enkelt menneskes potensiale. Det er veldig sjelden at noen ansatte trenger å styres, det er når de skal gjøre noe de har lav kompetanse på. Som regel trenger man mest å gi dem troen på seg selv og sine muligheter. En inspirasjon der foreslår jeg kan være at vi understreker at verdiene våre er noe vi skal strebe mot - ikke noe vi skal slå oss til ro med at vi er.

Text in German / This dissertation is a contribution to cybernetics, a sub-discipline ofPractical Theology. It is a dialogue between theology and management science. The first part discusses whether such a dialogue is reasonable at all. There are a lot of parallels between wisdom theology in the Old Testament and modern management theory. We discuss the benefits and the limitations of wisdom, and the way Israel took advantage of wisdom knowledge of the surrounding peoples. Finally, we draw conclusions for the way how church leadership could integrate knowledge from management theory. The main part of this dissertation is on anthropology and leadership. McGregor invented 1957/60 the so-called theories X andY. He demonstrated that leadership styles of managers are affected by the way they look at their subordinates. Leaders who regard people as lazy (theory X) will try to movitate people by extrinsic factors. Theory Y assumes that human beings have intrinsic motives to work. This assumption is an implicit basis of modem leadership concepts. The background and influence of these theories are explained. Especially, we follow the way from the anthropology of the reformators to theory X and from theory X (Taylorism) to theory Y. Limitations of theory Y are also discussed. In the next step we describe various facets of Old Testament anthropology dealing with man's willingness and capacity to work. The significance of the imago dei in this context is discussed by and large. Finally, we compare these facets with the theories X and Y. Result: The reformators emphasized one-sidedly the undignity of human beings implying that many Protestants consider theory Y as too positive, too humanistic. Old Testament portrays both the dignity and the undignity of human beings. Old Testament anthropology correlates better with theory Y. Thus theory Y is not an antibiblical theory. / Practical Theology / D.Th (Practical Theology)

Text in German / This dissertation is a contribution to cybernetics, a sub-discipline ofPractical Theology. It is a dialogue between theology and management science. The first part discusses whether such a dialogue is reasonable at all. There are a lot of parallels between wisdom theology in the Old Testament and modern management theory. We discuss the benefits and the limitations of wisdom, and the way Israel took advantage of wisdom knowledge of the surrounding peoples. Finally, we draw conclusions for the way how church leadership could integrate knowledge from management theory. The main part of this dissertation is on anthropology and leadership. McGregor invented 1957/60 the so-called theories X andY. He demonstrated that leadership styles of managers are affected by the way they look at their subordinates. Leaders who regard people as lazy (theory X) will try to movitate people by extrinsic factors. Theory Y assumes that human beings have intrinsic motives to work. This assumption is an implicit basis of modem leadership concepts. The background and influence of these theories are explained. Especially, we follow the way from the anthropology of the reformators to theory X and from theory X (Taylorism) to theory Y. Limitations of theory Y are also discussed. In the next step we describe various facets of Old Testament anthropology dealing with man's willingness and capacity to work. The significance of the imago dei in this context is discussed by and large. Finally, we compare these facets with the theories X and Y. Result: The reformators emphasized one-sidedly the undignity of human beings implying that many Protestants consider theory Y as too positive, too humanistic. Old Testament portrays both the dignity and the undignity of human beings. Old Testament anthropology correlates better with theory Y. Thus theory Y is not an antibiblical theory. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th (Practical Theology)

Nowadays, organizations have to deal more and more with cultural diversity concerning their workforce due to globalization. The challenge for these organizations is to manage the cross cultural workforce in an effective way. Therefore, they have to have skills and the necessary knowledge in order to conduct cross cultural management. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to investigate how a cross cultural workforce could be managed effectively. In order to get insights into what differences exist between employees of different cultures, what kind of problems can arise out of these differences and how these problems can be overcome through cross cultural management, a qualitative research approach in form of a case study was conducted. Hereby, interviews with three managers including two head of departments were conducted. These interviews have used the frame of reference as foundation including well-known theories like Hofstede, Inglehart, the eight value orientations, McGregor and some other theories. The statements of the interviews were evaluated and analyzed in order to find answers to the research questions stated in the thesis. The findings of this study show that the management team at LTU is not necessarily focusing on cross cultural differences as the impact is less negative than expected. However, conflicts that still arise do not really seem to have bad consequences at LTU. Therefore, these conflicts can be fixed relatively easy by applying the most important variables connected to encountering cross cultural challenges in the frame of reference. These are: human skills, good communication, creating unity, respect, empathy, body language as well as harnessing differences. Especially the personal attitude as well as the human skills of managers and employees play an essential role.

O presente estudo possui características de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, cujo objetivo é comparar a Reengenharia e a Qualidade Total, através de Critérios de Relevância identificados a partir de uma revisão dos clássicos da literatura administrativa. A idéia aqui esboçada é procurar identificar o que é essencial nestes novos modelos, e quais seriam suas contribuições mais significativas para entender tais tecnologias enquanto instrumentos eficazes para que as organizações façam aquilo que elas se propõem a fazer. O produto do presente estudo visa oferecer subsídios para o entendimento das duas abordagens, bem como representa a tentativa de sugerir alternativas para a ampliação das mesmas. / The present study has the characteristic of an exploratory research . The objective is to compare Reengineering and Total Quality based on relevance criteria identified through the sutdy of selected authors of the administrative theory. The main ideia here outlined isto look for the essential elements in each model and find out which are their most significant contributions to the understanding of these new technologies as efficient instruments for carrying out the, organization objectives. The final product of the present study is a better understanding of both approaches and na attempt to contribute to their improvement.

Project (D. Ed. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract and vita. Includes final project proposal. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-153, 51-54).

Project (D. Ed. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract and vita. Includes final project proposal. Description based on Print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-153, 51-54).

My study has questioned recognized factors of news valuation in the context of Costa Rican newspapers, with the aim at getting greater understanding in how news are valued in Costa Rican newspapers and what factors contribute to making an event the main article of an issue. My research therefore is a snapshot at how the news valuation process is conducted in Costa Rica at the moment. I furthermore went on to do a quantitative content analysis containing five theories of factors of news valuation, that I have theorised myself as a result of my research containing recognized factors of news valuation.   The data has been selected through a random selection process, and then collected via the national library in San José, Costa Rica. I then went on to carry through a quantitative content analysis, containing 46 variables from recognized factors of news valuation and an additional five variables from my own theories, on the selected samples.   The variables in my analysis to a great extent tried questioning the theories of Judy McGregor, Henk Prakke, Håkan Hvitfelt and Galtung and Ruge.   The results show that some of the theories created by mentioned scholar do apply in the news valuation process in Costa Rican newspapers. It furthermore show that some factors, mentioned by the same scholar, to have great impact in the news valuation process does not at all impact the news value of an event in Costa Rican newspapers. This study shows that there is cultural and geographical differences in how events are valued as newsworthy or not, and that the factors that are acknowledged as determining of news value in one region or country, may in fact not at all apply in another part of the world.   The results of my own theories show that there are differences in what factors that affect the news valuation process. My theories state that there are other factors that affect news values and that there can be opposing factors depending on in what country/region/journalistic area the news are valued.

O presente estudo possui características de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, cujo objetivo é comparar a Reengenharia e a Qualidade Total, através de Critérios de Relevância identificados a partir de uma revisão dos clássicos da literatura administrativa. A idéia aqui esboçada é procurar identificar o que é essencial nestes novos modelos, e quais seriam suas contribuições mais significativas para entender tais tecnologias enquanto instrumentos eficazes para que as organizações façam aquilo que elas se propõem a fazer. O produto do presente estudo visa oferecer subsídios para o entendimento das duas abordagens, bem como representa a tentativa de sugerir alternativas para a ampliação das mesmas. / The present study has the characteristic of an exploratory research . The objective is to compare Reengineering and Total Quality based on relevance criteria identified through the sutdy of selected authors of the administrative theory. The main ideia here outlined isto look for the essential elements in each model and find out which are their most significant contributions to the understanding of these new technologies as efficient instruments for carrying out the, organization objectives. The final product of the present study is a better understanding of both approaches and na attempt to contribute to their improvement.

O presente estudo possui características de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, cujo objetivo é comparar a Reengenharia e a Qualidade Total, através de Critérios de Relevância identificados a partir de uma revisão dos clássicos da literatura administrativa. A idéia aqui esboçada é procurar identificar o que é essencial nestes novos modelos, e quais seriam suas contribuições mais significativas para entender tais tecnologias enquanto instrumentos eficazes para que as organizações façam aquilo que elas se propõem a fazer. O produto do presente estudo visa oferecer subsídios para o entendimento das duas abordagens, bem como representa a tentativa de sugerir alternativas para a ampliação das mesmas. / The present study has the characteristic of an exploratory research . The objective is to compare Reengineering and Total Quality based on relevance criteria identified through the sutdy of selected authors of the administrative theory. The main ideia here outlined isto look for the essential elements in each model and find out which are their most significant contributions to the understanding of these new technologies as efficient instruments for carrying out the, organization objectives. The final product of the present study is a better understanding of both approaches and na attempt to contribute to their improvement.