Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / US military personnel often experience ongoing distress after being exposed to traumatic events, and many develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Both general theories of stress and coping and cognitive theories of PTSD suggest that traumatic events give rise to distress by negatively influencing important beliefs and goals related to the self, other people, and the world. According to these theories, more positive belief- and goal-systems are associated with less severe symptoms of distress. Two constructs that tap into these systems are general self-efficacy and subjective meaning in life. The overall goal of the current study was to examine the ways general self-efficacy and subjective meaning in life relate to posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters in US military personnel, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Data from a VA-funded intervention study (n = 191) were examined. Results demonstrated that meaning in life is consistently associated with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters cross-sectionally, whereas general self-efficacy is only associated with some aspects of depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that meaning in life is associated with the Cluster D symptoms of PTSD and the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression. Interpretations, possible explanations, implications, and future directions are provided. Continued research in this area may identify important targets for treatment that enhance ongoing efforts to facilitate recovery from trauma.

This dissertation looks at the role narratives play in addressing organizational challenges by facilitating a collective assignment of meaning to those challenges that allows for problem solving, or at least a way to cope with the challenges. Specifically, the research examines how informal knowledge is embedded in organizations in the form of narratives, and how narratives are used to transfer knowledge across the organization. The dissertation develops the concept of narrative, and the qualities of the narratives used in this dissertation, focused on events, focused on people, focused on values, and it develops an understanding of knowledge transfer as the collective assignment of meaning to challenges that are constantly emerging. In this case study, three means, or tools emerge as facilitating the assignment of meaning. These tools are superstars, indexing, and knowledge objects. This research will enrich the public administration and nonprofit literature by utilizing narrative inquiry to examine the transfer of knowledge in a nonprofit social service organization that serves a vital public purpose under contracts with various levels of government. / Ph. D.

A: Architecture is a world of making. B: Architecture is a world of making the thinking. A: In my world of architecture, the thinking-of-making is a conscious mental development, while the thinking generated afterwards is autonomous. Hitherto in the design process, I am free from any burdens of the unpredictable and uncontrollable afterward "thinking". B: In my world of architecture, the making-of-thinking is structurally dependent on the thinking-of-making. Moreover, I want to direct the thinking of "the making" towards a specific cultural dimension. I enjoy the restrictions imposed by it. The above dialogue comprised the basic subject discussed in this thesis. The thesis projects are examinations of the two design approaches. / Master of Architecture

Many war memorials today face loss of relevant meaning to the members of their community over time, an inability to adapt to evolving historical perspectives, and a lack of ability to engage visitors in a deep and authentic way of creating meaning and understanding. New war memorials should provide opportunities for visitors to engage with them in an active, conscious, and dynamic relationship with the built site. Encouraging such a connection facilitates deep and authentic meaning making that continues beyond the site visit, and that allows the memorial's form to evolve over time in response to visitor interaction. The constructivist model for war memorial design incorporates ten strategies, and the Active Physical Interaction strategy in particular, that allow designers to create places that encourage visitors to have personalized interaction. These strategies are built on the constructivist philosophy that explains how individuals and groups of people understand the non-objective world through experience. This position was tested through the design of a Dutch World War Two memorial at Warm Hearth Village in Blacksburg, Virginia. This memorial's main features include community garden beds for cultivation by the Village's elderly residents. The concept of sharp contrast reflected in three distinct areas of the memorial recall the oppression under five-years of Nazi occupation, the celebration of liberation in 1945, and the efforts of Allied and Resistance fighters in making this liberation possible. / Master of Landscape Architecture

The following project involves the design of a series of row houses at Broce street in the town of Blacksburg. The proposed scheme can be described as a line of units that are parallel to the street. Though the project deals with issues that are related to housing at the scale of the unit as well as at the scale of the collective whole, the underlying concern is the issue of habitation in architecture. With this project I will propose architecture that encourages the individual to participate in the making of the living environment, and at the same time address habitation in terms of structure and meaning. / Master of Architecture

The Tlinglt people have lived along the southeastern coast of Alaska since 1730. Historically, the highly decorated Tlingit tunics were worn at potlatches, as the first layer of regalia. The tunics were often covered with dance aprons. bibs, and blankets. Potlatches are still held today but with less frequency. Today, Celebration is held every two years, so that the Tlingit may gather to celebrate their heritage through music, dance, and art. The purpose of the research was to define the physical tunic, as well as. to determine meaning associated with the tunics. Models were created to divide the fifty tunics into more manageable sections, which were originally based on DeLong’s (1987) use of Gestalt theory of part-to-whole and whole-to-part viewing. The viewing relationships of interior design lines, silhouette, and surface design readily organized appearance into visual categories. The models were further divided into subsections which displayed information on a particular part of the tunic (for example, side silhouette shapes). Meaning was determined by using form associations. An expressive response scale, which deals specifically with the Tlingit tunics, was adapted from DeLong's (1987) form association scale. The researcher visited six museums along the Inner Passage of Alaska. Twenty-eight relics were viewed at the various museums. Nine old photographs were also viewed at the museums. Celebration "96 In Juneau, as well as a dance event In Haines, were attended and videotaped so that the tunics could be seen in actual use. Thirteen tunics were viewable using the videotape. Definition of the tunics was determined by analyzing the interior design lines, silhouette, and the surface design. The physical tunic had a simple silhouette and interior design lines, while the surface design was found to be much more complex. In other words, the non-complex outline framed a complex surface design. Tunics were placed into four possible categories in the expressive response scale. The tunics distinctly fell into two of the four categories.. Meaning determined that the shape was large with emphasis on the silhouette. Line was discontinuous while the color tended to be bright. The texture was able to fill the surface with coarse areas usually due to beadwork. Group Identity was conveyed through the use of similar silhouettes and interior design lines. Individuality was expressed in the uniqueness of the surface designs - in the type of design, varied location, and use of materials. / Master of Science

The study investigated the effects of two generative learning activities on students’ academic achievement of the part-whole representation of rational numbers while using virtual manipulatives. Third-grade students were divided randomly in two groups to evaluate the effects of two generative learning activities: answering-questions and generating-examples while using two virtual manipulatives related to part-whole representation of rational numbers. The study employed an experimental design with pre- and post-tests. A 2x2 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant interaction between the two groups (answering questions and generating-examples) and between two tests (pre-test and immediate post-test). In addition, a 2x3 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Bonferroni post-hoc analysis were used to determine the effects of the generative strategies on fostering comprehension, and to determine any significant differences between the two groups (answering-questions and generating-examples) and among the three tests (pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed posttest). Results showed that an answering-questions strategy had a significantly greater effect than a generating-examples strategy on an immediate comprehension posttest. In addition, no significant interaction was found between the generative strategies on a delayed comprehension tests. However a difference score analysis between the immediate posttest scores and the delayed posttest scores revealed a significant difference between the answering-questions and the generating-examples groups suggesting that students who used generating-examples strategy tended to remember relatively more information than students who used the answering-questions strategy. The findings are discussed in the context of the related literature and directions for future research are suggested. / Ph. D.

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In this narrative study, I explore the transformative visual cultural dialogue behind the sight of the veil or veiled women in Denton, Texas as a Western culture. The narrative is constructed from the experiences of three Western non-Muslim women participants who wore the veil publicly in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, especially Denton, Texas, for about two weeks, in the spring of 2014. The main question for this study is: How do veiled Western women incite transformative visual cultural dialogue and ideas concerning veiled women? To gather rich data to answer the study's question, I utilized qualitative narrative inquiry to explore the transformative dialogue that the veil, as a visual culture object, can incite in non-Muslim Western women's narratives. The study involves three participants who are non-Muslim American women who voluntarily wore the veil in public and recorded their own and other's reactions. The participants' interviews and diaries demonstrated that the veil incited a particular perceptive dialogue and often transferred negative meanings. For example, the sight of the veil suggested the notion of being Muslim, and consequently, the ideas of not belonging. The reactions the participants received were either negative verbal interactions or physical ones, both of which are limited in this study to face gestures or some form of negative body language that is meant to be a message of disliking. In summation, this study shows that the women's veil is a visual culture symbol that transfers negative meaning in the DFW area in Texas.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar Colocações Lexicais Especializadas (CLEs) da Hemodinâmica que apresentam bases nominais, por meio da Teoria Sentido-Texto. CLEs são colocações (agrupamentos lexicais) típicas de linguagem especializada que contém em sua constituição uma unidade terminológica, que pode ou não ser a base, além de elementos chamados de colocados, que são especificadores ou caracterizadores da base. Colocados são sempre selecionados em função da base. Além disso, outra forte característica das CLEs é o seu caráter semicomposicional ou fortemente composicional. Assim, para realizar tal objetivo, metodologicamente, escolhemos selecionar 37 CLEs a partir de termos típicos do Vocabulário Panlatino de Hemodinâmica da Realiter. A fim de constatar que os termos escolhidos participavam de colocações ativas na área, recorremos a artigos científicos (pesquisados na plataforma SciELO). Os artigos serviram de fonte para extrairmos as provas textuais das CLEs analisadas e para a formulação das definições dessas CLEs A análise dos dados permitiu que identificássemos as seguintes características das CLEs da Hemodinâmica: (i) quanto à extensão dos elementos (CLEs têm de 2 a 5 elementos); (ii) sobre a característica dos termos que exerciam papel de base nas CLEs examinadas (constituíram núcleos cem por cento nominais); (iii) sobre as características do complemento da base (complementos adjetivais, a maioria, e preposicionais); (iv) quanto aos tipos de Funções Lexicais (FLs) (adjetivais aplicadas a bases com complemento adjetival, preposicionais aplicadas a bases com complemento preposicional); (v) quanto à complexidade da FL (uso apenas de FL simples); e, por fim, (vi) sobre a necessidade de acréscimo de informação à FLs standards (em todos os casos houve acréscimo de informações para completar o sentido da definição, isto é, lançamos mão de FLs não-standards). / This study aims to analyze Specialized Lexical Combinations (SLCs) of Hemodynamic, with nominal base, through Meaning-Text Theory. SLCs are typical collocations (lexical groups) of specialized language that contain in their constitution a terminological unit, which may or may not be a base, in addition to elements called collocatives which are specifiers or characterizers of the base. Collocatives are always selected as a function of the base. In addition, another strong feature of SLCs is your semicomposicional or strongly compositional character. Thus, to achieve this goal, methodologically, we selected the 37 SLCs from typical terms present in the ‘Vocabulário Planlatino de Hemodinâmica’ of Realiter. In order to verify that the chosen terms participate in active placements in the area, we resorted to scientific articles from SciELO platform. The articles served as a source for extracting textual evidence for SLCs and formulating the definitions of SLCs. The analysis of the admissible data identifies the following characteristics of Hemodynamic SLCs: (i) the extension of the elements; (ii) the feature of terms that play the hole of base in the SLCs examined; (iii) the characteristics of the base complement; (iv) the types of Lexical Functions applied in the SLCs; (v) the complexity of LFs applied; and finally (vi) the necessity to increase information in the LFs standard (in all cases, there was added information to complete the meaning of the definition, we applied non-standard LFs).