Pasaulio ekonomika vyksta ekonomikos ciklais, po kiekvieno pakilimo seka nuosmukis, o po nuosmukio – pakilimas. Keičiantis ekonominio ciklo fazėms, skiriasi šalių priimami sprendimai, vyriausybių vykdomos politikos, priemonės, tikslai. Tyrimo objektas – finansinių krizių poveikis ekonomikai, darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti finansinių krizių poveikį ekonomikai ir sukurti ekonomikos atsigavimo po krizės prognozavimo sistemą. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie svarbiausi uždaviniai: ištirti pagrindines priežastis, dėl kurių kilo pasaulinės krizės, išanalizuoti pagrindines priemones, kurių buvo imtasi, norint sumažinti finansinių krizių poveikį ekonomikai, išnagrinėti ir apibendrinti užsienyje atliktų tyrimų apie finansines krizes rezultatus, atlikti ekonomikos atsigavimo po finansinės krizės prognozę Lietuvoje ir palyginti su pasaulio atsigavimu po pasaulinės finansinė krizės. Darbe pateikiamos pagrindinės finansinės ekonominės krizės nuo 1636 metų. Jos skirstomos pagal savo pradinę ar pagrindinę priežastį. Pateikiamas finansinių krizių poveikis ekonomikai bei priemonės, kurių imasi skirtingos valdžios, kad padėtų šalims greičiau atsigauti po patirtų nuosmukių. Nors teoriškai yra nesunku suvokti atitinkamas priemones, kurių reikėtų imtis užklupus ekonominiam nuosmukiui, tačiau tos pačios priemonės skirtingai reaguoja atitinkamomis aplinkybėmis ir atskirais laikotarpiais, todėl gali neduoti laukiamų ar tikėtinų rezultatų. Atlikta prognozė dažniausiai su 1-3 % paklaida atitiko... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The global economics goes cycle after cycle. After every boom follow recession, after every recession follow boom. Governments made different sollutions of their politics for every cycle of economics. The subject of research is the impact of financial crises on economics, the objective of the work – to sift the impact of financial crises on economics and to make the system of recovery of economics. In order to achieve this goal, are set these basics tasks: to analyse basic consequences of financial crises, to analyze basic means, which were made to recover economics, to analyze results of a few researchs, to make a forecast of recovery of economics in Lithuania and to compare with the recovery of the world. In this paper are presented basic financial crises from 1636. These financial crises are allocated related to their main reason. There are written the impact of financial crises and means, which were made by governments to help for countries and people. In theory, it is simple to know all the best means for economics, but it is difficult to practise them in specific country and situation. All means can affect economics not like it is necessary. The forecast confirm actual values with error of 1-3%. Because of this, the conclusion is made, that predictive values in 2010 happened in the world and in Lithuania too. The paper consists of three parts. The size of this paper is 45 pages. There are 6 tables and 14 pictures in this paper. 52 sources of literary are used.

<p>Background: The use of reward systems can be of strategic importance as well as an affective mean of control for the organization in its work to achieve its goals. The municipal sector is characterized by its transparency and its responsibility for the taxpayer’s money. We therefore wonder which possibilities the municipal sector has to use reward systems as a men of control. Purpose: We intend to research the possibilities that the reward system offer as a mean of control for employees at the higher municipal level, with a special focus on commitment and motivation. </p><p>Procedure: We have chosen to collect our material through twenty interviews. Each interview has taken place in the respondent’s office and they have been of an open sort. The respondents are anonymous. </p><p>Delimitations: This thesis focuses on employees at the higher level in the municipal sector and we have chosen to conduct our research in the municipalities Linköping and Norrköping. </p><p>Result: We have identified difficulties using individual salary as an incentive in the municipal sector. The reason for this is that the salaries do not differ much between employees. There is also a difficulty measuring the individual’s performance which leads to problems motivating differences in salary. We have identified a number of means of control which can work motivating for employees at the higher level in the municipal sector. The means of control we have identified are: offering interesting tasks of work, letting the employees have influence over there situation and to use non monetary forms of rewards.</p>

Background: The use of reward systems can be of strategic importance as well as an affective mean of control for the organization in its work to achieve its goals. The municipal sector is characterized by its transparency and its responsibility for the taxpayer’s money. We therefore wonder which possibilities the municipal sector has to use reward systems as a men of control. Purpose: We intend to research the possibilities that the reward system offer as a mean of control for employees at the higher municipal level, with a special focus on commitment and motivation. Procedure: We have chosen to collect our material through twenty interviews. Each interview has taken place in the respondent’s office and they have been of an open sort. The respondents are anonymous. Delimitations: This thesis focuses on employees at the higher level in the municipal sector and we have chosen to conduct our research in the municipalities Linköping and Norrköping. Result: We have identified difficulties using individual salary as an incentive in the municipal sector. The reason for this is that the salaries do not differ much between employees. There is also a difficulty measuring the individual’s performance which leads to problems motivating differences in salary. We have identified a number of means of control which can work motivating for employees at the higher level in the municipal sector. The means of control we have identified are: offering interesting tasks of work, letting the employees have influence over there situation and to use non monetary forms of rewards.

<p>This study focuses on the politics around ecological sustainable development in Sweden today, with emphasis on urban development, building and living. The starting-point for this study is the environmental adapted city district of Stockholm, Hammarby Sjöstad. The primary focus of the study is to investigate what means of control the environmental investment in Hammarby Sjöstad is expressing, and to elucidate their ideological, political and social implications. The empirical material is primarily based up on the local Hammarby Sjöstad environmental program along with qualitative in-depth interviews with citizens of this district. The study is based on critical discourse analysis </p><p>The result of this study is that the ecological investment in Hammarby Sjöstad partly constitutes a hidden exercise of power, taking shape as built-in physical measures in the dwellings and the neighbouring surroundings. Hidden means of control transform political and ideological environmental targets in to practical factual matters. Hidden means of control makes ideological and political environmental issues non-political and reduces them in to technical issues.</p>

This study focuses on the politics around ecological sustainable development in Sweden today, with emphasis on urban development, building and living. The starting-point for this study is the environmental adapted city district of Stockholm, Hammarby Sjöstad. The primary focus of the study is to investigate what means of control the environmental investment in Hammarby Sjöstad is expressing, and to elucidate their ideological, political and social implications. The empirical material is primarily based up on the local Hammarby Sjöstad environmental program along with qualitative in-depth interviews with citizens of this district. The study is based on critical discourse analysis The result of this study is that the ecological investment in Hammarby Sjöstad partly constitutes a hidden exercise of power, taking shape as built-in physical measures in the dwellings and the neighbouring surroundings. Hidden means of control transform political and ideological environmental targets in to practical factual matters. Hidden means of control makes ideological and political environmental issues non-political and reduces them in to technical issues.