<p>Vi har analyserat framställningen av de manliga homosexuella karaktärer som förekommer i filmerna Philadelphia och Brokeback Mountain. Vi ville veta om karaktärsbeskrivningar och narrativ innehåller stereotyper. Våra teoretiska utgångspunkter har varit Richard Dyers teorier om stereotypifiering och heteronormativitet. Vi har använt oss av den dramaturgiska kurvan för uppdelning av vårt material.</p><p>Vår studie av filmerna visar att dessa inte innehåller den form av stereotyper som Dyer beskriver. Enligt oss tar också dessa filmer avstånd från rådande system av heteronormativitet genom att erkänna stereotypernas existens just som stereotyper och därmed frånta dem kraften och rätten att beskriva ”verkligheten”. På detta sätt ifrågasätter man också gamla föreställningar om kön och sexualitet – och ser därmed normgrunden i samhället i ett nytt ljus.</p>

<p>Hard competition amongst the editorial world of magazines today has led to increased differentiation of the content as well as the visual communication. In this study, the graphic elements of the magazine cover was analyzed to establish how the magazines character is being conveyed by the cover design. In a case study the covers of the Swedish publications of fashion magazine BON and ELLE was semantically analyzed.</p><p>The conclusion was made that the logotype plays the biggest part in conveying the magazine’s character. Secondly, the front cover headlines shape and size matter a great deal for the overall impression. Both magazine covers were designed along conventions of how fashion magazines usually are designed. The character is recognized in the details that differ from the convention. Throughout this conclusion it is clear that the magazines do not differ a great deal from the convention of a magazine cover.</p>

<p>The purpose of my study is to give a good picture of what social media really is and how companies can make use of it, in their marketing strategy. It gets more important for every day that companies fully understand how social media works and how to act in the new digital channels. To be an updated marketer today, you need to fully understand social media and how it can be implemented in the company marketing strategy. This study gives you a snapshot over todays situation in the area of social media marketing.</p><p>I have interviewed four different persons, who I believe have a great competence and are highly qualified for this kind of study. All of the interviewed persons work with social media marketing at a daily basis. One of those is Lena Carlsson, who founded the social media agency Kreafon and is also the first author to write a book in Swedish about social media marketing.</p><p>My study results show that social media are for people and that companies need to have this in mind when they enter the new digital channels to convince people about their products. They can’t continue with the traditional ways of marketing in social media, because here it is all about talking with people not to them. There are no big risks for companies to go in to social media. But if you choose to, you need to be there for your customers to 100%. The customers demand that you to listen and respond to both positive and negative criticism.</p>

Fear has found its latest instrument in the news media. The discourse of fear in news presentations produces gasping meanings, which we can compellingly indulge in. Fear not just being entertaining, but one of the ways in which we relate to reality, is used as a protection mechanism of our status quo. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the extent to which Fox News tends to use, and further reproduce, the fear discourse to form identities and meaning. The method utilized in this thesis is frame analysis, which is a form of discourse analysis. The primary results indicate that Fox News undeniably uses the fear discourse, for entertainment and the proliferation of the status quo - meaning system. In addition, Fox News applies fear blatantly in the news presentations, as acts of courage and virtuous loyalty to reporting. Key words: Fear, Frame analysis, Meaning, News media, Infotainment.

<p>The current research examined whether motives, traditional mass media consumption and individual differences (social activity and political interest) predicted the use of social media among a group of university students in China. In coherence with Uses and Gratifications assumptions the study found that the factors differentially predicted the extent of media use. Information seeking, social interaction and affinity were the main reasons for using social media. There was a negative correlation between television viewing and use of social media, in addition to a negative correlation between information seeking and use of the media. Results further suggest that social media are used to enhance social capital, since student’s being socially active offline, tend to use the media to a greater extent than those less active.</p>

<p>Michael Moore är en av världens allra mest berömda dokumentärfilmare. Med sin personliga stil och sitt tydligt politiska patos har han blivit både hatad och älskad i USA. I sin senaste film Sicko, gick han till hård attack mot det amerikanska sjukförsäkringssystemet, och propagerade för att USA skulle ta efter de europeiska länderna, det vill säga skapa ett system där staten åtminstone i teorin garanterar vård för alla.Den här uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka vad det är som gör Michael Moore så kontroversiell. Vi ville se hur filmkritiker bedömde filmen och på vilka grunder. Vi gjorde därför en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där vi noggrant läste igenom texterna för att se hur tendenserna såg ut. Vi läste igenom recensionerna och försökte dela in dem i olika kategorier efter vad kritikerna tyckte. Vi läste igenom texterna och genom att tolka både vad som stod ordagrant och vad som gick att läsa mellan raderna.Vi kom fram till att filmens budskap påverkade recensenternas åsikt om filmen i mycket hög grad och att de som verkligen gillade filmen inte brydde sig så mycket om de ”regler” som finns för dokumentärfilmer. Tendensen var att de som höll med Moore (vilket de flesta gjorde) gillade filmen. Den som ogillade filmen mest verkade också vara den som tyckte sämst om Moores politiska åsikter. De flesta kritiker infann sig dock i ett slags mellanskikt. De gillade filmen och dess budskap, men hade ändå vissa invändningar.</p>

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<p>This essay has a purpose of looking at Swedish independent labels in the music industry and how they communicate with their market through social networks on the internet. There have not been much research about this in the past and we hope to contribute with knowledge to the area. In mind we had the changing music industry, an evolution of the internet and viral marketing communication.</p><p>To answer our research question we decided to conduct three interviews with people who worked at independent labels and had market communication as their area ofresponsibility. The three independent labels in our study were based in Sweden, except for one that is based in London, England as well as Stockholm, Sweden. We selected the independent labels based on their tendency to work with marketing communication in the social networks on the internet. The interviews were very open in their structure to encourage dialog, but still had a focus on how they communicate through social networks on the internet. We applied theories about web 2.0, viral marketing communication and marketing communication in the music industry on the answers we got from the interviews.</p><p>The result we got showed that the independent labels were willing to work with marketing communication through social networks on the internet. It showed that they used four major social networks to communicate, and it also showed that they tend to integrate these features with their artists to communicate with their fans. We discovered that not all independent labels are using this new form of communication to the fullest, and there are many things they can improve. The main reason for this type of marketing communication was that the independent labels don't have economic resources for traditional marketing communication.</p><p>Based on this we came to a conclusion regarding that independent labels should focus almost all their market communication through social networks on the internet. We found that you do this by building networks with loyal recipients within the existing social networks to be able to communicate and be fully able to exploit the viral communication effect.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>Örebro University</p><p>Department of Humanities</p><p>Media and Communication Studies</p><p>Bachelor Thesis, Spring 2007</p><p>Title: Bajen is the name – The study of the information business of a professional soccer club</p><p>By: Erik Johansson and Markus Welin</p><p>Supervisor: Göran Eriksson</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this essay was to examine how a professional and multinational sport organisation works to present a positive image of it. The object of our study was Hammarby, one of the by media most intensive covered Swedish clubs. We have also investigated the relation between the sport communication strategies and the media.</p><p>Theories</p><p>We have used prior research in the areas of sport and media, Sport Management, journalism and Public Relations. We have also applied Public Relations and Marketing theories.</p><p>Method</p><p>We chose to use the methods of qualitative interviews, and participant observations. Our interview targets were Urban Rybrink, the information director of Hammarby, and Robert Laul, prominent sport journalist. On the top of that, we expanded the study with observations of two press conferences connected to Hammarby’s matches. We also gathered together two weeks of press releases from the club along with online media material about Hammarby at the websites of two of the biggest newspapers in Sweden.</p><p>Results</p><p>The communication work at Swedish soccer clubs is still under development, and Hammarby need to continue to expand it further to reach the level of business companies and government institutions. The crisis communication strategies have to become more developed. In relation to other Swedish soccer clubs, however, Hammarby is rather well developed in the communications area since they actually have hired an information director. The relation between Hammarby’s communications director and media is defined as good by both parts, even if they do not agree on everything we have examined.</p><p>Keywords</p><p>Sport, Public Relations, Sport Promotion, Media, Journalism, Qualitative interviews</p>

<p>Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur Socialdemokraternas valbroschyrer har förändrats i sättet att presentera sig själva för potentiella väljare under de senaste 50 åren.</p><p>Metod: Socialsemiotik</p><p>Teorier: Uppsatsen tar avstamp utifrån teorier om förmoderna, moderna och postmoderna kampanjer samt amerikaniseringsteorier, men även hur trenderna enligt forskare ser ut i Sverige och andra europeiska länder.</p><p>Huvudresultat: Undersökningen visar såväl likheter som skillnader mellan de analyserade åren. Reklamdiskursens växande inverkan på broschyrerna gör sig tydlig, vilket kan ses som en del i den växande kommersialiseringen av politiken. Tendenser till en amerikanisering kan skönjas men dessa är vaga. Uppdelningen av kampanjer som förmoderna, moderna och postmoderna anser vi vara diskutabla.</p>