Abstract not available. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Natal, Durban, 1961.

From 1950 to 2000 the former Faculty of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, pursued the traditional, didactic curriculum. The implementation of problem-based learning, Curriculum 2001, introduced many changes in the curriculum where facilitators guide instead of teach students. Based on this it is important to understand the principles of problem-based learning (PBL) more extensively and the demands that may be made on the Library and the Librarians. It is assumed that a partnership exits between the librarians and the School of Undergraduate Medical Education (SUME). The object of this study is to determine whether the introduction of Curriculum 2001 impacted on the role and functions of the library and the librarians. The 5th year students from the Traditional Curriculum and 2nd year students from Curriculum 2001 were selected to participate in this study. The methods used in this study were the analysis of the minutes of the meetings that were held to discuss and plan Curriculum 2001 of the Curriculum Development Task Force, questionnaires for the undergraduate students and semi-structured interviews with the facilitators in Curriculum 2001 and medical librarians. The minutes of the CDTF were examined to ascertain if the librarians had any input in Curriculum 2001. The interviews would determine whether PBL had an impact on the role and functions of the library and the librarians. Four librarians and 15 facilitators were interviewed. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study with the assistance of the EPI Info and NVivo software to analyze the results. The results of this study indicated that there is room for greater and enhanced collaboration and faculty partnerships between SUME and the library to assist the students to improve and develop their information literacy skills that are integral part in problem solving in the PBL curriculum. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

In the context of a country and a continent that is largely rural, education for rural medical practice in Africa is relatively undocumented and poorly conceptualized. The arena of medical education in South Africa has been largely unchanged by the transition to democracy, despite intentions of reform. The literature reveals a lack of empirical evidence as well as theory in education for rural health, particularly in developing countries. This report presents twelve original papers on a range of key issues that represent the author’s contribution to filling this gap in South Africa. It aims to contribute to the development of a discourse in education for rural medical practice in an African context, and culminates in a theoretical paper regarding pedagogy for rural health. A conceptual framework is utilized that is based on the standard chronological steps in the initial career path of medical doctors in South Africa. Beginning with the literature that is focused around the need to recruit and retain health professionals in rural and underserved areas around the world, the report then addresses the policy context for medical education in South Africa, examining the obstacles to true reform of a transformatory nature. The selection of students of rural origin, and the curricular elements necessary to prepare graduates for rural practice are then investigated, including the actual career choices that medical graduates make in South Africa. Out in the workplace, the educational components of the year of compulsory community service are described, including organizational learning and apprenticeship as novice practitioners, placed under severe pressure in rural hospitals in the South African public health service. A community-oriented type of medical practice is described amongst exemplary individuals, indicating the aspiration towards a different kind of educational outcome. Finally the thesis as such is presented in the final paper regarding a theoretical basis for education for rural health, consisting of the combined notions of placed-based and critical pedagogy. It is argued that while the geographic elements of rural practice require a pedagogy that is situated in a particular rural context, the developmental imperatives of South Africa demand a critical analysis of health and the health care system, and the conceptual basis of this position is explained. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: On entry to medical school, students are confronted with a worldview that can be typified as materialistic monism. The student progressively becomes a materialistic monist, not only because of the teaching, but also because medical schools fail to address the question of suffering. One would expect the biopsychosocial model to surmount the limitations of the biomedical model, but it in itself has to deal with both suffering and materialistic monism. Suffering cements the collapse into materialistic monism in the way the student practises medicine. What life strategies would transcend this materialistic monism? This thesis examines potential educational interventions that might help the student to analyse the philosophy of medical school and find ways of dealing with the question of suffering. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met toelating tot mediese skool word studente gekonfronteer met ’n wêreldsiening wat as materialistiese monisme beskryf kan word. Die student verander progressief in ’n materialistiese monis, nie slegs as gevolg van die onderrig nie, maar ook omdat mediese skole nie daarin slaag om die kwessie van lyding aan te spreek nie. ’n Mens sou verwag dat die biopsigies-sosiale model die beperkinge van die biomediese model sou oorkom, maar instede moet dit self beide lyding en materialistiese monisme aanspreek. Lyding moedig die verval in materialistiese monisme in die wyse waarop die student geneeskunde beoefen aan. Watter soort lewensstrategieë is nodig om hierdie materialistiese monisme te transendeer? Hierdie tesis ondersoek die opvoedkundige intervensies wat die student kan help om die mediese skool se filosofie te analiseer en wyses te vind om die kwessie van lyding te hanteer.

Thesis(MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT; In order for the transformation objectives of racial and gender diversity to be adequately reflected in the South African medical profession, it is crucial to understand how Black medical registrars experience the training environment. This qualitative study presents the experience of ten Black African medical specialists who completed their registrar training in the Western Cape in the past five years. Using both thematic and discourse analysis the study aimed to identify and describe the interpersonal, structural and institutional factors that may impede or promote Black advancement during registrar training. Participant experiences where contextualised in relation to discourses around the medical profession as a site of cultural reproduction that has been historically constructed as the exclusive domain of the White male. The analysis unearths experiences of systemic racism where the organisational culture of training institutions is experienced as alienating and unwelcoming to Black professionals. The findings raise the need for a more thorough evaluation of how transformations efforts are being received in specialist medical education. Key Words: Black doctors, Transformation in Higher Education, Systemic Racism, Medical training / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die oog op die realisering van die transformasiedoelwitte rakende ras- en geslagsdiversiteit in die Suid-Afrikaanse mediese professie, is dit deurslaggewend om te verstaan hoe Swart mediese spesialis studente die opleidingsomgewing ervaar. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie gee die ervaring weer van tien Swart Suid-Afrikaanse mediese spesialiste wat die afgelope vyf jaar hulle opleiding in die Wes-Kaap voltooi het. Deur gebruik te maak van beide tematiese- en diskoersanalise, poog die studie daarin om die interpersoonlike, strukturele en institusionele faktore wat Swart bevordering tydens professionele opleiding kan belemmer of bevorder, te identifiseer en te beskryf. Deelnemers se ervarings is gekontekstualiseer in verhouding tot die diskoerse rondom die mediese professie as terrein van kulturele voortsetting van wat histories as eksklusiewe domein van Wit mans gegeld het. Die studie ontbloot ervaringe van sistemiese rassisme, waarin Swart professionele beroepspersone vervreem en onwelkom voel in die organisasiekultuur van opleidingsinstansies.Die bevindinge beklemtoon die behoefte aan ‘n meer diepgaande evaluasie van hoe transformasie-pogings ontvang word in mediese spesialis opleiding. Sleutelwoorde: Swart dokters, transformasie in tersiêre opleiding, sistemiese rassisme, mediese opleiding

Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to establish the reasons underlying possible gendered attrition trends in the South African medical profession between 1996 and 2005. Noting the international trend of the increasing feminisation of medical education and the profession, the dissertation illustrates that this is also a reality in our national context, and frames this phenomenon as being plagued by difficulties very similar to those encountered in other traditionally male-dominated fields. The particular relevance for further research and debate is illustrated through the noticed discrepancy between women’s representation in enrolment and graduation at medical schools in South Africa, and their representation in the profession itself. The decision to approach this investigation from a feministorganisational perspective was based on the fact that this would not only be a novel, but indeed also an appropriate, research approach to the study of gendered trends in medical education and the profession within the South African context. The research project thus sets out three main objectives relevant to this investigation. Objective 1 aims to establish the sex composition of the cohort of medical graduates that have not entered, or decided to exit, the medical profession. In terms of this objective, findings show an increasing rate of progression of men into the profession, accompanied by a decreasing rate of progression of women into the profession. Objective 2 attempts to establish the reasons behind sex trends in South African medical schools and in the profession. Thus, in an effort to comprehensively investigate the issues underlying attrition, I employ a mixed-methods approach to the primary data collection and analysis. Firstly, the findings show, through a quantitative analysis of the interview data, that this sample of women felt that both institutional and societal factors influenced a women doctor’s propensity to remain in the profession. Secondly, it is established that whether these respondents felt that they had appropriate role models in the profession was the most important factor in terms of their identification with, and propensity to stay in, the profession. Thirdly, it was also found that the respondents felt strongly that the culture of the medical profession impacts negatively on a woman doctor’s propensity to stay in the profession, but similar to the findings of other studies, this does not bring us closer to an understanding of what that culture constitutes. Thus, lastly, through a qualitative analysis of the interview data I find that the respondents clearly recognise the presence of a gendered substructure in medicine in the South African context, and identify some elements of this structure as most commonly linked to attrition. Objective 3, based on the outcomes of the previous objectives, aims to provide recommendations for the retention of medical doctors in general, and women doctors specifically, in the South African context. It concludes that flexibility1 in the medical profession is paramount to the retention of doctors, and women doctors specifically. This is a difficult challenge to overcome, as central values such as the importance of continuity of care in the medical profession would suggest that providing increased flexibility to medical doctors would impact negatively on patient care. However, it appears that there is increasing recognition amongst scholars, policy makers and medical practitioners themselves of the importance of acknowledging alternative work patterns. On the basis of the outcomes of my research, it is clear that the national gender attrition trends are a cause for concern in terms of resourcing the National Health System against the backdrop of a widely acknowledged shortage of doctors in South Africa and elsewhere. If women doctors do not progress effectively into the system, but form the majority of graduates, this is a tragic loss, as well as a waste of resources during training. This aspect also has policy implications, because it appears that the government, in trying to retain doctors, has increasingly turned to measures that are restrictive (compulsory community service, restrictions on foreign doctors), rather than focusing on ways in which to make doctors want to stay. The dissertation thus closes by suggesting two main areas within which these findings and recommendations would be employed most usefully: 1) medical schools/ training/education, and 2) the medical profession/culture. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif het ten doel om die redes onderliggende aan geslagsverskille in die verlies van vroue uit die Suid-Afrikaanse mediese beroep tussen 1996 en 2005 vas te stel. Die internasionale tendens van die toenemende vervrouliking van mediese opleiding en die mediese beroep wys dat dit ook ‘n realiteit in die Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale konteks is. Hierdie verskynsel word veroorsaak deur probleme soortgelyk aan dié wat in ander, tradisioneel manlik gedomineerde beroepe ondervind word. Die spesifieke relevansie vir verdere navorsing en debat word geïllustreer deur die aangetoonde proporsionele verskil tussen vroue se inskrywing en graduering in mediese skole in Suid-Afrika, en hul verteenwoordiging in die beroep self. Die besluit om hierdie ondersoek uit ‘n feministies-organisatoriese perspektief te benader, is nie net omdat dit ‘n oorspronklike benadering sou wees nie, maar ook gepas vir ‘n studie van geslagstendense in die mediese onderwys en professie binne die Suid- Afrikaans konteks. Die navorsingsprojek bevestig dus drie hoofdoelstellings wat relevant tot hierdie ondersoek is. Doelstelling een probeer om die geslagsamestelling van die kohort van mediese gegradueerdes wat nie tot die beroep toegetree het nie, of dié wat besluit het om die beroep te verlaat, te bepaal. Daar is bevind dat daar ‘n verhoogde koers van vordering van mans tot die beroep is, gepaardgaande met ‘n verlaagde koers van vordering van vroue tot die beroep. Doelstelling twee probeer om die redes onderliggende aan die geslagstendense in die mediese skool en die beroep vas te stel. Dus, om ‘n omvattende ondersoek te doen om uit te vind wat onderliggend aan die verlies is, het ek van ‘n gemengde metode benadering tot data insameling en analise gebruik gemaak. Die resultate van die onderhoud data wys dat hierdie vroue voel dat beide institusionele en sosiale faktore ‘n vroulike dokter se besluit om in die beroep te bly, beïnvloed. Tweedens is daar vasgestel dat geskikte rolmodelle in die beroep die belangrikste faktor is in vroue se identifikasie met die beroep, en hulle besluit om in die beroep te bly. Derdens is gevind dat die respondente baie sterk voel dat die kultuur van die mediese beroep ’n negatiewe impak het op ‘n vroulike dokter se besluit om in die beroep te bly, maar soos ook in ander studies bevind is, bring dit ons nie nader aan ‘n begrip van die aard van die kultuur nie. Ten slotte is daar dus met die onderhoud data gevind dat die respondente duidelik bewus is van die teenwoordigheid van ‘n geslagsubstruktuur in die mediese beroep in Suid-Afrika. Ek identifiseer ook sekere elemente van hierdie struktuur wat bydra tot die verlies van vroulike dokters uit die mediese beroep. Doelstelling drie, gebaseer op die uitkomste van die vorige doelstellings, probeer om aanbevelings te maak vir die behoud van mediese dokters in die algemeen, en vroulike dokters spesifiek. Die gevolgtrekking is dat buigsaamheid in die werkskultuur van die mediese beroep van kardinale belang is vir die behoud van dokters in die algemeen, en vroulike dokters meer spesifiek. Dit is ‘n moeilike uitdaging om te oorkom omdat sentrale waardes, soos die belang van kontinuïteit van versorging in die beroep, persepsies laat ontstaan dat meer buigsaamheid in werksomstandighede ‘n negatiewe impak op die versorging van pasiënte sou hê. Dit blyk egter ook dat daar ‘n toenemende erkenning is deur akademici, beleidsontwerpers en mediese praktisyns self van die belang van alternatiewe werkspatrone. Gebaseer op die resultate van die ondersoek is dit duidelik dat die nasionale geslagsverliestendense ‘n rede tot kommer vir die verskaffing van menslike hulpbronne vir die nasionale gesondheidstelsel is, veral teen die agtergrond van ‘n algemeen erkende tekort aan dokters in Suid-Afrika. As vroulike dokters nie effektief in die stelsel opgeneem word nie, hoewel hulle die meerderheid van gegradueerdes is, is dit ‘n tragiese verlies en vermorsing van hulpbronne wat vir opleiding gebruik is. Dit het ook implikasies vir beleid omdat dit blyk dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regering, in sy pogings om dokters te behou, meermale maatreëls gebruik wat perke stel (verpligte gemeenskapsdiens, beperkings vir buitelandse dokters, ens.), waar hulle eerder behoort te fokus op maniere om dokters in Suid-Afrika te hou. Ten slotte stel die proefskrif twee hoofareas voor waarin hierdie bevindings en aanbevelings aangewend kan word: 1) mediese skole/opleiding/onderwys, en 2) die mediese beroep/kultuur.

Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: see full text for abstract / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: sien volteks vir die opsomming

MCur / Department of Advanced Nursing Science

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The practice of medicine has always been a big area of interest as a profession. The focus ranges depending on issues at hand - it may be on the educational, training, humanistic, economic, professional ethics and legal aspects. One area of medicine that is under the spotlight around the world is that of the maintenance of clinical competency, followed very closely and almost linked to professional ethics. This study follows the introduction of a system of Continuing Professional Development (hereinafter also referred to as CPD), in South Africa and an overview of how it has been introduced in a few other countries. The main areas of focus being the extrication of inherent values of CPD, relating this aspect to quality improvement in medical health care. The medical profession as well as most of the interested parties, has different perspectives regarding the fact that the system is regulated through legislation. There is also the doubt whether the CPD system will be effective in achieving the goals that it has been set to achieve. Although a system of Continuing Medical Education has been a tradition in all countries, which implies that the CPD system is not totally new as far as the educational principles are concerned, the values accruable need to be exploited. It is the possible success of this kind of evaluations that may foster more understanding of the inherent values in this CPD system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beroepsgewys het die praktyk van geneeskunde nog altyd groot belangstelling gelok. Die fokus verskuif na gelang van die onderwerpe ter sprake. Dit wissel van opvoedkunde, opleiding, humanisme, ekonomie, en professionele etiek tot regsaspekte. Dwarsoor die wêreld word daar gefokus op die handhawing van kliniese vaardighede, gevolg deur professionele etiek wat ook daarin verweef is. Hierdie studie bespreek die instelling van 'n stelsel van Voortgesette Professionele Ontwikkeling (hierna verwys na as VPO) in Suid-Afrika asook oorsig oor die wyse waarop dit in 'n paar ander lande ingestel is. Die klem lê op die inherente waardes met betrekking tot die verbetering gehalte in mediese gesondheidsorg. Die mediese beroep, asook meeste van die belangegroepe het verskillende opvattings oor die feit dat die stelsel deur wetgewing gereguleer word. Daar is ook twyfel of die VPO-stelsel in sy vooropgestelde doelwitte sal slaag. Wat die opvoedkundige beginsels betref, is die VPO-stelsel nie totaal en al nuut nie. Alhoewel VPO in ander lande tradisie is, is dit nodig om die totstandkoming van waardes te ontgin. Die moontlike sukses van hierdie tipe van evaluasies mag dalk beter begrip ten opsigte van die inherente waardes in die VPO-stelsel bevorder.

MCur / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / See the attached abstract below