Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-127). Also available on the Internet.

In recent decades, transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, by Triatoma infestans and other vector insects has expanded from historically rural areas to urban centers across Latin America. The urbanization of the T. cruzi transmission cycle necessitates new understanding of Chagas disease ecology and epidemiology, as well as new approaches to the surveillance, control, and prevention of vector infestation and parasite transmission. In rural La Joya, Peru, analyses highlight how the complexities of human migration and intermittent intervention influence the prevalence and incidence of Chagas disease. Substantial prevalence of T. cruzi infection was found in the adult population as a result of relatively higher incidence of infection among long-term inhabitants and relatively lower incidence of infection among short-term in-migrants. While an insecticide intervention in 1995 effectively eliminated incidence of infection among children, T. infestans and T. cruzi were rapidly reemerging in the absence of continuing vector control. In Arequipa, Peru, T. infestans had extensively and intensively infested an urban and peri-urban landscape prior to vector control. Environmental and social factors, which may directly or indirectly influence insect biology and behavior, were associated with infestation. Large clusters of infestation and spatial dependence among infested households at short and long distances suggest that T. infestans can disperse by crawling or flying in an urban environment, which may challenge ongoing vector surveillance and control. Reemergence of vector insects, including T. infestans, complicates continuing control of Chagas disease. While relatively rare, reemergence of T. infestans is a present and possibly persistent problem in urban and peri-urban Arequipa. The probability of a reemergence event varied spatially. Events were both clustered and non-clustered, and were spatially dependent at distances up to 1,600 meters. Event-to-event spatial proximity occurred at shorter distances in higher risk areas and longer distances in lower risk areas. Identifiable predictors and patterns of risk offer opportunities for more effective and efficient strategies for vector surveillance and control.

<p>The study focuses on the political and economic geographies of pharmaceutical delivery. In 1997 the South African government passed the Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Act, sparking outrage from both the local and international pharmaceutical industry, and resulting in court action in 2001. The industry believed that South Africa was in breach of its obligations under international intellectual property law. Those fighting for pharmaceutical security hoped the court case would be a &lsquo / landmark&rsquo / in the global campaign for equitable access to medicines. This investigation seeks to analyse the domestic and international legacy of the court action. The inquiry takes its significance from the high prevalence rates of treatable diseases and the need for pharmaceutical security in South Africa and its neighbouring African countries. The absence of a sustainable international medicines delivery system is a global political, economic and moral failure. A solution is required that balances the positive productive forces of the market with a philosophy of justice and equity.</p>

In presenting a Geography of Health of the Durban Metropolitan Area, the researcher has chosen a conceptual framework within which to sharply challenge the definition of health in a perfunctory/ functionalist way. Thus, the Geography of Health is, at the outset, locationally positioned in a socio-economic and environmental context of society. This argument is developed through a multi-conceptual approach that leads the thesis into building a framework with the central arching principles of biomedicine, social and humanistic philosophy in three randomly selected informal settlement contexts. The specific focus of this approach is on the growing poverty and homelessness, the inadequate health delivery system and the relationship between disease, physical, social and residential environments and structural inequalities. Thus, this study is embedded in numerous related contexts, the most important of which is the spatial! geographical and the social context in which health and health care is seen in relation to the nature of society and everyday life. To some extent this research endeavour is concerned with health and health care issues amongst specific categories of people within marginalized communities rather than some homogenous, non-existent category called "poor people". The key questions raised in the study relate thus to several variables that impact informal dwellers with the specific objective of determining socio-economic profiles, housing and environmental circumstances; the location and nature of health services; health status of people; the ways in which people conceptualise and prioritise health and the need for and possibility of community involvement in health and health care. In dealing with the above issues, a multi-faceted methodological approach allowed for the generation of 155 tabulations from the quantitative empirical data to be triangulated with the qualitative data produced through focus group interviews and also with the secondary data obtained. The most significant finding emerging from the study was the fact that the relationship between health and abject poverty is bi-directional. Respondents identified numerous factors that affected their health, the most important of which was poverty in respect of poor dwellings, lack of basic services, access to certain health services and the prevalence of disease. It is hardly surprising that a biomedical perspective largely prefaced the respondent's understanding of health. This can be attributed to locational factors but more specifically to the overriding socialising influence of biomedicine in South African society. In the focus group interviews with informal dwellers, the ranking exercises demonstrated that high health risks emerge from multiple and complex factors related to personal, economic, social, environmental and political factors. It is the contention of this thesis that health status improvement and the reduction of health risks of disadvantaged individuals and communities needs a multi-pronged approach with multiple solutions drawing on resources from international, national and local agencies and organisations. Finally, the study concludes by presenting an extensive pool of more concrete systematic and holistic interventions that would not only improve the quality of public health care, but also redefine the Geography of Health in South Africa. These, it is argued are seldom attainable in the short term as it is a continuous process underpinned by priorities, possibilities and planning. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2002.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1982. / Bibliography: leaves 184-198. / Microfiche. / xi, 198 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Photocopy of typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1974. / Bibliography: leaves 202-211. / Microfilm. / xv, 211 leaves ill. (some col.), maps

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-144). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:55:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864651.pdf: 5270967 bytes, checksum: a5c00167d5912861744e41eac69278f6 (MD5) / Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, as doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo. No Brasil, as patologias do sistema circulatório humano estão entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade. A origem dos problemas cardiovasculares pode estar associada às causas genéticas, dietas, estilo de vida, questões psicológicas, entre outros. As variações dos tempos atmosféricos podem provocar mudanças fisiológicas no organismo humano, entre as quais se destacam o ritmo cardíaco e o fluxo de sangue nos vasos sanguíneos. O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a possível relação entre as características socioambientais e os casos de óbitos por infarto do miocárdio na cidade de Teresina-PI, entre os anos de 2002 a 2010, bem como verificar a espacialidade desses casos na cidade durante o período considerado. Os dados meteorológicos desta pesquisa foram coletados na estação Agrometeorológica da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. A estação fica localizada nas coordenadas de 05º S e 42º 48' W, numa altitude de 74,4 m, no Município de Teresina-PI. Os dados de óbito por infarto do miocárdio foram obtidos na Coordenação de Análise, Divulgação de Situação e Tendência em Saúde do Estado do Piauí - SESAPI. Os resultados indicaram que a sazonalidade da mortalidade por infarto com referência às condições atmosféricas não é bem definida, portanto, não podemos afirmar que ela interfere sobre os casos de mortes por infarto na cidade de Teresina. Assim, não podemos asseverar que as condições atmosféricas dessa cidade intensificam os casos de mortes por infarto do miocárdio. O estudo também mostrou que a população com idade acima de 60 anos é a mais afetada e que os bairros Itararé e Centro apresentaram o maior número de óbitos por infarto no período da pesquisa / According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In Brazil, the pathologies of the human circulatory system are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The origin of cardiovascular problems may be linked to genetic causes, diet, lifestyle, psychological issues, among others. The variations of air time can cause physiological changes in the human body, including to emphasize the heart rate and blood flow in blood vessels. This research study aims to investigate the possible relationship between environmental characteristics and cases of deaths from myocardial infarction in the city of Teresina-PI, between the years 2002-2010, as well as checking the spatiality of these cases in the city during the period considered. Meteorological data of this survey were collected in the weather station of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. The station is located at the coordinates of the 05th S and 42º 48 'W, at an altitude of 74.4 m, in the city of Teresina-PI. The mortality data from myocardial infarction were obtained from analysis of Coordination, Situation and Trend Release in Piauí State Health - Sesapi. The results indicated that the seasonality of infarct mortality with reference to atmospheric conditions is not well defined, so we can not say that it interferes on cases of heart attack deaths in Teresina. So we can not assert that the weather conditions of this city intensify cases of deaths from myocardial infarction. The study also showed that the population aged over 60 years is the most affected and that downtown and the Itararé neighborhood had the highest number of heart attack deaths during the study period

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 domingos_ae_dr_rcla.pdf: 2932542 bytes, checksum: 5663326fe9537f59144f245e5470b8b4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A condição de vida urbana de uma população está relacionada à quantidade e qualidade de serviços oferecidos, dentre eles, encontram-se a educação, a habitação, o saneamento básico, o emprego, o lazer e a saúde. No caso do Brasil, está em vigência o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), como uma estratégia de trabalho e prestação de serviços no setor saúde. Para tal os antigos postos de saúde passaram a ser denominados Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), seus funcionários fazem parte da Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF), e dentre eles criou-se à função de Agente Comunitário da Saúde (ACS). O Ministério da Saúde, através do PSF enfatiza que os serviços oferecidos devem ser articulados especialmente no atendimento de três grupos de pessoas: a criança, a gestante e o idoso, salientando que cada USF deve programar ações específicas para estes setores, no intuito de minimizar os agravos a vida urbana. Dentre os grupos anteriormente citados, as estimativas populacionais apontam para o crescimento da população idosa mundial, e mostram que em 2050 existirão no mundo 23 bilhões de idosos sendo que dois terços desses estarão em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, segundo UNITED NATIONS, 2001. No sentido de contribuir com a temática até o momento apresentada, esta investigação objetivou observar como se realizam no espaço geográfico as ações das ESF´s para a promoção da manutenção da capacidade funcional do idoso. Partindo-se da idéia inicial de que as equipes de saúde de família possuem inúmeras deficiências no entendimento do espaço vivido de sua clientela, e também o desconhecimento da amplitude de suas obrigações, o que resultam na desigualdade, inafetividade e desqualificação dos serviços oferecidos. / The condition of urban life of a population is related to the quantity and quality of services offered, among them, are the education, housing, sanitation, employment, leisure and health. In the case of Brazil, is in effect the Family Health Program (PSF) as a strategy to work and provide services in the health sector. To this end the old posts of health began to be called Units of Family Health (USF), its officials are part of the Family Health Team (ESF), and among them set up to the function of Agent Community Health (ACS) . The Ministry of Health, through the FHP emphasizes that the services provided should be articulated especially in the care of three groups of people: the children, the elderly and pregnant women, noting that each USF must implement specific actions for these sectors in order to minimize the disorders urban life. Among the groups cited above, the population estimates point to growth in the elderly population worldwide, and show that in 2050 there in the world 23 billion of elderly where two thirds of these are in developing countries like Brazil, according UNITED NATIONS, 2001. In order to contribute to the themes presented so far, the research aimed to see how take place in the geographical area of the ESF's actions for the promotion of maintaining the functional capacity of the elderly. Based on the initial idea that the teams of health of families have many shortcomings in understanding the living space of their clients, and also ignorance of the extent of its obligations, which result in inequality, inafetividade and disqualification of services offered.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_nh_me_rcla.pdf: 21197857 bytes, checksum: 759a26fb79955fbf261af36f67c3b725 (MD5) / As epidemias infectocontagiosas tais como cólera, dengue, malária, sarampo, tuberculose e AIDS assolam a sociedade humana, desestruturando a população nos segmentos sociais, econômicos e políticos. Dentre essas doenças optou-se em estudar os casos de AIDS, através da observação das categorias de exposição (sexo, preferência sexual, uso de drogas, faixa etária e razão por sexo) e das características sócio-territoriais da AIDS, permitindo-se assim trabalhar duas vertentes: o recorte do assistencialismo, o qual é responsável em cronificar a doença, evitando a morte do paciente, e, também elucidar uma possível mudança no perfil da doença. Essa discussão desenvolveu-se segundo a abordagem qualitativa e sob a perspectiva da Geografia socioambiental, utilizando-se de diferentes metodologias, as quais possibilitaram a construção dos mapas sócio-territoriais, gráficos e tabelas, traçando, dessa maneira, o perfil da epidemia na cidade de Piracicaba, visando contribuir com as políticas públicas para a saúde, assegurando acessibilidade aos serviços / The contagious epidemics such as cholera, dengue fever, malaria, measles, tuberculosis and AIDS devastates the human society, disintegrating the human society in social, economical and political segments. Among those diseases, it was decided to study the cases of AIDS, through the observation of different ways of exposition (sex, sexual option, use of drugs, age range and proportion of infected man to women ) and the characteristics related to social-geographical characteristics of AIDS, allowing to work in two different points of view: the welfare system, which is responsible for preventing a reinfection , avoiding the death of the patient and also, elucidate a possible change in the characteristics of the disease. This discussion developed according to a qualitative approach under the perspective of the socio-environmental Geography using different methodologies, which allow the construction of social-gegraphical maps, graphs and tables, outlining, this way, the characteristics of the epidemics in the city of Piracicaba, in order to contribute to the public policies for health, assuring the accessibility to the services