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Identification and characterisation of compounds with antimycobacterial activity from stomatostemma monteiroaeRamese, Nnyadzeni January 2019 (has links)
Thesis (MSc. (Microbiology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The emergence of drug resistance to the first line drugs complicates the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), especially in parts of sub-Saharan Africa where accessibility to quality health care is limited. The search for alternative medication has been the centre of research for years due to challenges posed by infectious organisms including drug resistance, lengthy treatment periods and lack of quality health care in developing countries. Stomatostemma monteiroae is used in traditional medicine to treat TB and related symptoms. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise compounds with antimycobacterial activity from Stomatostemma monteiroae. The plant materials were collected from Ga-Madiga village in Limpopo province of South Africa. Different plant parts namely: leaves, twigs, roots, tuber and tuber-peels were separated, washed, dried and milled to a fine powder. Several solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol) were used to extract the plant material using various extraction methods such as maceration, defatting, and extract enrichment procedure and phytochemical analysis was done using standard chemical tests and thin layer chromatography. The qualitative antioxidant activity was determined by the thin layer chromatography (TLC) based 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and quantitative antioxidant activity was determined using colorimetric DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power assay. Antimycobacterial activity of the extracts was assessed using bioautography and micro dilution method tested on Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 1441), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 25177) and M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294). The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on Vero monkey kidney cells. The compounds with antimycobacterial activity were isolated using bioassay-guided fractionation and purified using preparative thin layer chromatography and thereafter identified using NMR spectroscopy to elucidate the structure.
Various phytochemical constituents were detected in different plant parts, with the leaves and twigs possessing more of the phytoconstituents analysed. The TLC profile of S. monteiroae indicated that more compounds are non-polar to intermediate in polarity. The antioxidant activity analysis on TLC plates indicated that all the plant parts have low antioxidant activity, this was also confirmed by
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quantitative tests. The leaves of S. monteiroae had antimycobacterial activity when analysed using bioautography, while other plant parts had no active bands. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were much higher than the positive control rifampicin and the roots (0.31 mg/mL) followed by the leaves (0.83 mg/mL) had lower inhibitory concentrations when tested against M. smegmatis. The MIC values of extracts against TB causing strains varied greatly, the leaves and the roots had even higher MIC value. Toxicity analysis indicated that all plant parts were non-toxic towards Vero cells (LC50 > 0.02 mg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation enabled isolation of one antimycobacterial pure compound from the leaves extracts. The isolated compound was identified using NMR and was found to be a sitosterol derivative 8,9-dehydro-4-methyl-24-vinylobtusifoliol. This compound had a noteworthy activity against M. smegmatis. The present study validates the use of S. monteiroae in the treatment of TB related symptoms traditionally. Further studies are required to analyse the cytotoxic effects of the isolated compound and also testing the antimycobacterial activity of the isolated compound on TB causing pathogens. / National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Regeneration potential of selected medicinal plants used to treat human and livestock diseases in Limpopo Province of South AfricaOjelade, Babatube Solomon 16 May 2018 (has links)
MSCAGR ( Plant Production) / Many high valued tree species of medicinal significance in the Limpopo Province,
South Africa exhibit seed dormancy, and also contain aromatic oils which inhibit
rooting of their stem cuttings. These plant species are under pressure due to human
over-exploitation. The main objective of this study was to investigate effects of
rooting hormones on the rooting ability that will help in domesticating some of the
selected high valued medicinal plants, Elaeodendron transvaalense (bushveld
saffron), Brackenridgea zanguebarica (yellow peeling plane), and Warburgia
salutaris (pepper-bark tree). Stem cuttings of these plant species were prepared and
treated with various concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) of IBA, IAA and NAA
in different growth media (Natural soil, farm soil and hygromix) at a nursery house.
180 experimental units were sown and arranged in Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD), each treatment replicated five times and then monitored for a period
of three months. Data were only obtained from Brackenridgea zanguebarica as other
species dried up two weeks after sprouting. The two variables measured from the
experiments were sprouted stems and number of leaves. The data obtained were
subjected to analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) at 5%
probability level was used to compare treatment using STATISTICA software
analysis package. The hormone, hormone concentration, growth media and their
interactions had effect on sprouted stems and number of leaves produced on
Brackenridgea zanguebarica cuttings, with no record of rooting ability. IBA (500 ppm
and 1000 ppm) and control (without rooting hormone) showed high significant results
with natural soil and farm soil in terms of leaf production compared to the hygromix,
which is significantly lower from others. IBA at the various concentrations (500, 1000
and 2000 ppm) and the control gave the highest percentage sprouted stem on both
natural soil and farm soil as compared with other hormones at the same / NRF
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Poverty, health and disease in the era of high apartheid: South Africa, 1948-1976Phatlane, Stephens Ntsoakae 30 November 2006 (has links)
A higher infant mortality rate and shorter life expectancy, coupled with a high prevalence of a variety of diseases commonly associated with malnutrition, are usually a reflection of the social conditions of poverty in a society. By arguing that apartheid formed the basis of inequality and therefore the main underlying cause of an unacceptable burden of the diseases of poverty among black South Africans, this thesis, Poverty, Health and Disease in the Era of High Apartheid: South Africa, 1948-1976, locates these health problems within their social, economic and political context. It further argues that if health and disease are measures of the effectiveness with which human beings, using the available biological and cultural resources, adapt to their environment, then this relationship underpins the convergence of medical and cultural interests. Under the impact of modern technology and society's dependence upon it, profound cultural changes have taken place and issues of health and the etiology of disease are among the areas most affected by these changes. This thesis explains why, in a pluralistic medical setting, where only modern (scientific) medicine was recognised as legitimate medicine by the apartheid government, for the majority of black South Africans the advent of modern medicine was viewed not so much as displacing indigenous (African) medicine but as increasing the medical options available to them. It is therefore contended here that for most black South Africans, indigenous medicine has played a critical role; it has mitigated the impact of apartheid medicine. Since differences that people perceive in these two medical systems are crucial to the medical choices that they make at the onset of illness, this thesis argues that knowing and understanding the reasons for making such choices would not only have practical value for health authorities in their efforts to improve local, regional and national health service delivery, but would also contribute to a general understanding of human therapy-seeking behaviour in this age of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. / History / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (History))
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Poverty, health and disease in the era of high apartheid: South Africa, 1948-1976Phatlane, Stephens Ntsoakae 30 November 2006 (has links)
A higher infant mortality rate and shorter life expectancy, coupled with a high prevalence of a variety of diseases commonly associated with malnutrition, are usually a reflection of the social conditions of poverty in a society. By arguing that apartheid formed the basis of inequality and therefore the main underlying cause of an unacceptable burden of the diseases of poverty among black South Africans, this thesis, Poverty, Health and Disease in the Era of High Apartheid: South Africa, 1948-1976, locates these health problems within their social, economic and political context. It further argues that if health and disease are measures of the effectiveness with which human beings, using the available biological and cultural resources, adapt to their environment, then this relationship underpins the convergence of medical and cultural interests. Under the impact of modern technology and society's dependence upon it, profound cultural changes have taken place and issues of health and the etiology of disease are among the areas most affected by these changes. This thesis explains why, in a pluralistic medical setting, where only modern (scientific) medicine was recognised as legitimate medicine by the apartheid government, for the majority of black South Africans the advent of modern medicine was viewed not so much as displacing indigenous (African) medicine but as increasing the medical options available to them. It is therefore contended here that for most black South Africans, indigenous medicine has played a critical role; it has mitigated the impact of apartheid medicine. Since differences that people perceive in these two medical systems are crucial to the medical choices that they make at the onset of illness, this thesis argues that knowing and understanding the reasons for making such choices would not only have practical value for health authorities in their efforts to improve local, regional and national health service delivery, but would also contribute to a general understanding of human therapy-seeking behaviour in this age of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. / History / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (History))
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Mentorship in health services leadershipPeters, Savathri 02 1900 (has links)
The objectives of this study were to identify leadership competencies required by health
services leaders, determine the role of mentorship in leadership development and,
make recommendations for succession planning in the public health sector. A
quantitative approach using an exploratory and descriptive design was used, with the
intention of conducting a census survey. Respondents were managers in positions 11
and upward.
Findings revealed that experience assisted managers in improving the technical
competencies of human resources, financial and strategic planning, but not that of
leadership skills and behaviour, and communication and relationship management,
which required development in the form of mentorship. It is recommended that
leadership development for future leaders be embedded in succession planning, based
on policy guidelines.
Limitations of this study were that a response rate of 30% was achieved and due to the
narrow geographical coverage, the findings could not be generalised. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)
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Assessment of the experiences of users of the fast queue in selected primary health care facilities in the eThekwini MunicipalitySokhela, Dudu Gloria January 2011 (has links)
Submitted to the faculty of Health Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for M.Tech.: Nursing, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Background
The South African health care system is guided by the primary health care approach
(PHC), which is based on the principles of accessibility, availability, affordability,
equity and acceptability which are the cornerstone of primary health care. The
Comprehensive PHC Service Package for South Africa is the guiding document for
transforming PHC in South Africa standardizing services and increasing access to
PHC services. This study will focus on the “Clinic: Fast Queue/Repeats” component
of the Package. This is the protocol which guides the management of chronic
disease care for adults, geriatrics and paediatrics. According to the Package, this
service is for patients who have been assessed previously either at a CHC or at a
clinic. For repeat medicines no assessment is required except after three months,
and waiting time is minimized through the use of pre-packaged drugs.
Methods
A cross sectional qualitative design using a descriptive method was used to explore
the experiences of the clinic users of the fast queue. A two stage sampling technique
was used namely cluster and purposive sampling. In the first instance cluster
sampling technique was used to sample clinics in each of the three sub-districts
namely south, north and west sub districts of eThekwini municipality and purposive
sampling was used to select PHC facilities, those with the highest number of
attendees seen over a period of three months and the users of fast queue.
Results
The findings of the study revealed that there were positive factors which contributed
to the satisfaction of participants and negative factors which caused dissatisfaction
among participants.
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Views on traditional healing: Implications for integration of traditional healing and Western medicine in South AfricaMokgobi, Maboe Gibson 11 1900 (has links)
There are two independent streams of health care in South Africa: traditional healing and
Western medicine. Proposals to formally integrate the two streams have been made by the World
Health Organization and by the South African Department of Health.
In this study, the philosophical background behind each of the two health care models is
discussed, as well as literature on the possible integration of the two systems. It has not been
clear if Western-trained health-care practitioners would be prepared to work with traditional
healers. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine health care practitioners’ opinions,
attitudes, knowledge and experiences with traditional healers, and to determine to what extent
these variables would predict their intentions to work with these healers.
A Within-Stage Mixed Model design was used, and data were collected using a selfdeveloped
questionnaire. A total of 319 health care practitioners from State hospitals and clinics
in Gauteng and Limpopo provinces participated in the study.
The results of the study revealed significant differences between groups of health care
practitioners in terms of their opinions, attitudes, experiences and intentions to work with
traditional healers. Psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists showed more positive opinions, more
positive attitudes, more knowledge and more willingness to work with traditional healers than do
general nurses and physicians. Psychiatric and general nurses also had more experiences with
traditional healing than did psychiatrists and physicians. The results also revealed that attitudes,
knowledge, opinions and experiences predict Western health care practitioners’ intentions to
work with traditional healers, with attitudes being the strongest and experiences the weakest
predictors.
Health care practitioners’ views of traditional healing were contradictory and ambivalent
in many instances. This implies that integration of the two health care systems will be complex,
that the current potential to integrate the systems is weak and that such integration can only be
realised with considerable effort from all stakeholders. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Integration of African traditional health practitioners and medicine into the health care management system in the province of LimpopoLatif, Shamila Suliman 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
The Department of Health estimates that 80 percent of South Africans consult traditional
healers before consulting modern medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the
extent of the use of traditional medicine in local communities in the Limpopo Province, and
add value to a draft policy that was introduced by the Minister of Health. (South Africa,
Department of Health 2007a)
Traditional healers are regarded as an important national health resource. They share the
same cultural beliefs and values as their patients. They are respected in their
communities. In South Africa, traditional healers have no formal recognition as health care
professionals.
Despite the advantages of modern medicine, there is a dramatic evolution in traditional
medicine developing and developed countries. In recognition of the value that traditional
medicine has added to people’s health needs, government organisations have realised the
gap and needed to embark on public participation to bring to light the solution, by
implementing a relevant policy (Matomela 2004).
According to research done by Pefile (2005), positive outcomes that resulted from the use
of traditional medicine include a more holistic treatment, a wider choice of health care that
suits people’s needs, and scientific advancement, this paves a way forward for a policy to
be put into place for the legal recognition of traditional medicine. New legislations have
been brought about in regulating traditional medicine and practitioners.
This paper provides a synopsis of government initiatives to close the gap and address the
concerns of integrating traditional and modern medicine. The thesis addresses the
challenges involved in incorporating the two disciplines for the best possible impact of
local communities in accessing their rights as vested in the constitution.
The study is a qualitative study where relevant practicing traditional healers, users,
Western doctors, nurses, managers and government policy makers were interviewed
regarding the draft policy on traditional medicine. This was to obtain information on the
challenges, gaps and possible solutions regarding the integration of African traditional
medicine into the health care system of Southern Africa. Findings show the following: a majority of traditional healers do not agree to scientific trialling and testing on the herbs
that they prescribe, and Western doctors feel that traditional healers should only treat
patients spiritually unless they have a scientifically tested scope and limitations on their
field. The study also found that traditional healers want to be registered and integrated
into the health care system, but do not agree to have regulated price fixing. Other
conclusions included that the communities seek traditional help for cultural reasons and
more benevolent purposes, but are changing their focus towards seeking medical help
from clinics where it is provided for them. However, people within the communities are
still confused whether to seek traditional or western medicine and therefore seek both. It
was found that medications are not readily available in district clinics and hospital waiting
times force people into seeking traditional help. Nurses, doctors and caregivers
acknowledge that traditional healers are hampering the health care of patients by delaying
hospital treatment of patients hence progressing illnesses. However, they also state that
traditional healers help people spiritually and mentally. Therefore policy makers have
found solutions to educate healers and create regulatory boards to limit and create a
scope of practice for traditional healers.
Recommendations and solutions for the relevant policy are as follows:
It is recommended that traditional health practitioners should only be allowed to practice
and train over the age of 21. They must be prohibited from certain procedures, for
example: drawing blood, treating cancers, and treating AIDS/HIV. They should only be
allowed to practice midwifery if they have had training. They should be prohibited from
administering injections and supervised drugs, unless trained at a tertiary level traditional
healers can be used as home caregivers, spiritual healers, and traditional advice
counselling entities in the communities. Traditional healers must be prevented from
referring to themselves as a ‘doctor’ or ‘professor’. This misleads people into believing that
they are allopathic doctors. ‘Traditional health practitioners’ must realise that they are
holistic healers, and must be addressed as such. A strong recommendation is to rename
‘traditional health practitioners’ as ‘spiritual practitioners’.
With regards to regulations, it must be imperative that every practicing traditional health
practitioner be registered annually with the relevant board. A good suggestion is for
traditional health practitioners (THP) to attend formal training courses, under an experienced herbalist, and it should be documented on paper. A written record of the
location of practice, and specialty must also be documented. There must be policies on
health and safety, hygiene and sterility that need to be in place. It is suggested that
training on patient confidentially must be taught and implemented. A code of conduct and
a standard of professional ethics must also be implemented. Health and safety regulations
pertaining to the profession and the citizens must be listed. Efforts towards dispelling
myths and making people aware, thereby filtering out the positive side of the traditional
medicine (e.g. medical benefits with some herbs), and rooting out the ‘quack’ practices
(e.g. the use of amulets around a patient’s body to cure diseases) should be practiced.
Pertaining to co-operative relationships between modern medical doctors and traditional
practitioners, it is recommended that the use of exchange workshops between the two
professionals needs to be developed. Also scientific information and technology must be
available to traditional healers. A continued professional development (CPD) programme
should be a mandatory requirement, as for all other health care professionals. It seems
the development of traditional hospitals, in which a scope of practice is defined, can be
used as a recovery ward and a spiritual guidance centre.
The above recommendations will encourage a healthier, safer and transparent health care
system in South Africa, where all disciplines of medicine co-exist in one National Health
Care System. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Nadat navorsing deur die Departement van Gesondheid gedoen is, is daar gevind dat 80
persent van Suid-Afrikaners tradisionele genesers besoek. Die doel van hierdie navorsing
is om ondersoek te doen na die gebruik van tradisionele medisyne deur landelike
gemeenskappe in die Limpopo Provinsie, en om ook ‘n bydrae te lewer tot die
konsepbeleid wat deur die Minister van Gesondheid bekendgestel is (South Africa,
Department of Health 2007a).
Tradisionele genesers kan beskou word as ‘n belangrike hulpbron in die nasionale
gesondheidsdiens. Hulle deel in kulturele gelowe en waardes van hulle pasiente en word
ook gerespekteer in hulle gemeenskappe. Suid-Afrika egter, gee geen erkenning aan
tradisionele genesers of die feit dat hulle in die gesondheidsdiens is nie.
Ondanks die feit van moderne geneesmiddels, is daar ‘n dramatiese evolusie wat besig is
om plaas te vind in die Westerse Wêreld. Die erkenning en waarde van tradisionele
medisyne wat bydra tot mense se gesondheidkwaliteit, het daartoe gelei dat
Staatsorganisasies begin insien het dat daar ‘n gaping is en dat publieke peilings gedoen
word om ‘n oplossing te vind en ‘n beleidsdokument saam te stel wat tradisionele
genesers insluit (Matomela 2004).
Die ondersoek wat Pefile (2005) gedoen het, het positiewe resultate getoon by die gebruik
van tradisionele medisyne wat ‘n holistiese behandeling in ‘n wyer verskeidendheid van
medisyne insluit by gebruikers. Ook die wetenskaplike vooruitgang van tradisionele
medisyne het daartoe bygedra dat ‘n beleidsdokument in plek gesit word vir die wettige
erkenning daarvan. Nuwe wetgewing is in werking gestel om beheer uit te oefen oor
tradisionele genesers en tradisionele medisyne.
Hierdie dokument verskaf ‘n sinopsis van die Staat se inisiatiewe om die gaping tussen
moderne medisyne en tradisionele medisyne aan te spreek en ook om landelike
gemeenskappe toe te laat om hulle reg uit te oefen soos wat in die Grondwet vervat is.
Die studie is kwalitatief waar relevante praktiserende tradisionele genesers, verbruikers,
Westerse dokters, verpleegkundiges, bestuurders en staatsdiensbeleidvormers ondervra is
oor ‘n konsep beleidsdokument oor tradisionele medisyne. Dit was gedoen om informasie rakende die uitdaging , gapings en 'n moontlike oplossing te vind vir die integrasie van
Afrika se tradisionele medisyne in die gesondheidsorgsisteem van Suidelike Afrika.
Belangrike bevindings sluit die volgende in: die meerdeerheid tradisionele genesers stem
nie saam dat wetenskaplike toetse gedoen word op kruie wat hulle voorskryf nie;
tradisionele genesers will geregisteer en geïntegreer word in die gesondheidsorgsisteem
maar stem nie saam oor prysregulering en prysvasstelling nie; Westerse dokters is van
mening dat tradisionele genesers net pasiënte geestelik moet kan behandel tensy hulle ‘n
wetenskaplik getoetse doel en beperkings in hulle veld het; Westerse dokters glo dat
tradisionele genesers dwarsboom die gesondheidsorgsisteem deurdat hulle behandeling
vetraag; die gemeenskap soek tradisionele hulp op vir kulturele redes en ander
welwillendheidsredes maar gaan soek mediese hulp by klinieke waar dit aan hulle verskaf
word; mense van gemeenskappe is verward en raadpleeg beide tradisionele genesers en
Westerse dokters vir hulp; sommige medisyne is nie altyd by klinieke beskikbaar nie en
mense sien nie kans om in lang rye te wag by hospitale nie en dit noop dat hulle
tradisionele medisyne gebruik; verpleegkundiges en gesondheidswerkers erken dat
tradisionele genesers mense vertraag om gesondheidsorg en behandeling by hospitale te
kry, maar verstaan ook dat tradisionele genesers aan mense geestelike hulp verleen; en
besleidskrywers moet oplossings vind om tradisionele genesers op te voed en om
komitees te stig wat tradisionele genesers se ruimte van praktisering in toom te hou.
Die volgende word as voorstelle tot aanpassing van die genoemde beleidsdokument
geïdentifiseer:-
Tradisionele genesers mag alleenlik praktiseer en opleiding verskaf na die ouderdom van
21 jaar. Hulle moet verbied word om sekere prosedures, byvoorbeeld die trek van bloed;
behandeling van HIV/VIGS; om voor te gee dat hulle mediese praktisyns is; om
vroedvroue te wees slegs indien gekwalifiseer daartoe; om inspuitings toe te dien en
medisyne uit te reik slegs indien hulle tersiëre opleiding gehad het. Tradisionele genesers
se dienste kan gebruik word as gemeenskapsgesondheid hulpwerkers, geestelike
genesers, en kan tradisionele advies en begeleiding aan die gemeenskap lewer.
Tradisionele genesers moet belet word om die titels “Dokter” en “Professor" te gebruik.
Tradisionele genesers moet daarop let dat hulle holistiese genesers is en moet
daarvolgens aangespreek word. Hulle moenie pasiënte mislei deur voor te gee dat hulle allopatiese geneeshere is nie. “Tradisionele genesers” moet hernoem word na “geestelike
genesers”.
Tradisionele genesers moet by ‘n erkende organisasie geregistreer word en moet so-ook
jaarliks registrasie hernu. Formele onderrig wat deur ‘n ervare kruiegeneser aangebeid
word moet bygewoon en gedokumenteer word. ‘n Geskrewe rekord van die ligging van die
praktyk en betrokke spesialisering moet bygehou word. Beleidsvoorskrifte wat verband
hou met gesondheid en veiligheid, hygiene en sterilisasie moet in die tradisionele
gesondheidgeneserspraktyk geïmplementeer word. Opleiding in pasiëntkonfidensialiteit
moet aangeleer en toegepas word. Samewerking en werkswinkels tussen moderne
mediese dokters en tradisionele gesondheidgenesers moet geïmplementeer en ontwikkel
word. Mediese wetenskapsinligting en tegnologie moet aan tradisionele genesers bekendgemaak
word. Voorts moet ‘n voortgesette professionele ontwikkelingsprogram (POP) aan
alle gesondheidswerkers voorgeskryf word. Dit blyk wenslik te wees om tradisionele
hospitale tot stand te bring waar die bestek van praktyk gedefinieer word. Sulke hospitale
kan dien as plekke waar pasiënte aansterk en geestelike onderskraging geniet. ‘n Etiese
kode en standaard vir professionele etiek moet geskep word vir tradisionele genesers.
Gesondheids- en sekureitsregulasies moet van toepassing wees en geïmplementeer word.
Pasiënte moet ingelig word oor die wegdoen van mites en fabels. Daardeur kan die
positiewe sy van tradisionele medisyne (byvoorbeeld mediese voordele van kruie), en
uitroei van “kwakke” (byvoorbeeld dra van gelukbringers om die lywe), verdryf word.
Dit sal die aanmoediging van ‘n gesonder, sekuriteitbewuste en deursigtige
gesondheidsorg sisteem bewerkstellig in Suid-Afrika waar alle dissiplines van medisyne
saam bestaan in die Nasionale Gesondheidsorgsisteem.
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The development of distance education for general practitioners on common mental disorders through participatory action researchMash, Bob 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
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Pharmacological evaluation of some central nervous system effects of Cotyledon Orbiculata.Kabatende, Joseph January 2005 (has links)
The use of traditional medicine through the use of medicinal plants in Africa and especially in South Africa has long been considered an important characteristic of people's daily lives and socio-cultural heritage. Cotyledon Orbiculata is among the medicinal plants that are used by South African traditional practitioners for the treatment of epilepsy and painful conditions such as corns, warts, toothache, earache, boils and various other ailments. However, the claim of therapeutic successes of medicinal plants by traditional medicine practitioners are hardly subjected to scientific scrutiny. This study therefore, investigated the anti-epileptic property of Cotyledon Orbiculata by studying the effects of the methanol extract of the plant against chemically induced seizures by pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin, bicuculline and N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid in mice. The study also investigated the analgestic effects of Cotyledon Orbiculata by studying the effect of the plant extract on pain induced by acetic acid and hot plate thermal stimulation.
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