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Staging Medievalisms analyzes how twentieth- and twenty-first century performance constructs the Middle Ages. This work is in conversation with medievalism, the academic field concerned with the diverse ways post-medieval societies have re-imagined medieval narratives and tropes, often in service of their own values. As a result of centuries worth of re-definition, the term "medieval" is unstable, referring simultaneously to a fairytale prehistory and a dark age of oppression. I argue that performance, both in theatrical productions and in medieval-focused tourist spaces, allows an affective connection between the medieval past and the present, casting the Middle Ages as an inherently flexible backdrop for contemporary political and social concerns. In tourist spaces and plays about the Middle Ages, the performing body becomes the site where the medieval and the modern touch. I conduct close readings of six productions and three public spaces which stage the Middle Ages, examining which particular versions of the medieval they create, how they stage moments of historiographical contact, and how each uses the medieval to imagine their own historical contexts. Chapter one provides an overview of medievalism and its connection to performance studies, and subsequent chapters take up contemporary productions of medieval history, legend, and fantasy, respectively. Chapter two examines three recent stagings of Shakespeare's medieval history play Henry V, a work which stages two opposing versions of the medieval simultaneously. The Royal Shakespeare Company (1994), National Theatre (2003), and Austin, Texas (2009) productions offer commentary on modern warfare, using Henry's medieval battles as both evidence and setting. Chapter three analyses representations of the Holy Grail in Mort d'Arthur (2010), Spamalot (2005), and Proof (2001). Each re-imagines the Grail as a symbol of achievement and power, drawing different conclusions about contemporary society's need for the mystical. Chapter four takes up performances of the Middle Ages in the public sphere, examining how Disneyland, Medieval Times, and the Renaissance Faire offer visitors varying degrees of freedom to experience the medieval through their own bodies. Throughout, I argue that performance encourages affective connections to the medieval past as a reflection of contemporary desires. / text

L’étude prend pour point de départ la conquête arabo-musulmane de l’Égypte (641) qui a mis pour la première fois en contact le monde arabo-musulman avec la Nubie alors dominée par le royaume chrétien de Makouria. Notre enquête se prolonge jusqu’à l’effondrement de ce dernier qui disparaît, dans des circonstances encore nébuleuses, vers la fin du XVe siècle. Durant cette longue période se sont nouées des relations inédites entre l’une des principales puissance du monde musulman et un royaume chrétien installé aux portes du dār al-islāmmais qui ne fut pourtant jamais conquis. Les deux parties de ce mémoire de thèse s’articulent autour de la prise de la citadelle de Qaṣr Ibrīm par Šams al-Dawla Tūrānšāh en 1173 qui marque la fin de l’âge d’or des relations égypto-nubiennes et ouvre une période d’ingérence accrue de l’État égyptien dans les affaires de Nubie. Ce travail se fonde principalement sur l’analyse critique du corpus des sources historiographiques arabes (annales, chroniques, biographie…) que nous avons confronté, le cas échéant, aux sources épigraphiques et documentaires nubiennes. Notre approche se veut aussi attentive au contenu des récits qu’aux conditions de leur élaboration et de leur transmission qui déterminent pour une large part leur compréhension. / Our study begins with the Arab Muslims’ conquest of Egypt in 641, as it was the first ever contact established between the Arab-Muslim world and Nubia, which was – at the time – under the yoke of the Christian kingdom of Makuria. Our enquiry then follows through to the very fall of the aforementioned kingdom, around the end of the fifteenth century, under circumstances that remain hazy to this very day. Throughout this lengthy period of time, groundbreaking ties were forged between one of the foremost powers in the Muslim world and a Christian kingdom that, although located right at the doorstep the dār al-islām, wasnever conquered. The two distinct parts that make up this doctoral dissertation are structured around the 1173 takeover of the Qaṣr Ibrīm citadel by Šams al-Dawla Tūrānšāh, which signaled the end of the golden age of peaceful relations between Egypt and Nubia as well asushered in a phase of increased Egyptian interference into the running of the Nubian State. This work hinges on a critical analysis of the corpus of Arab historiographical sources (annals, chronicles, biographies…) that we have compared, whenever possible, to Nubian epigraphic and documentary sources. Our approach aims at paying just as much attention to the contents of the various accounts we have gathered as to the conditions in which they were recorded and transmitted, as the latter plays a major part in how they should be consideredand understood

TITLE: Teaching of History of Medieval clothing of History at Vocational secondary school AUTHOR: Veronika Raubicová DEPARTMENT: Department of History and History Didactics SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Hana Havlůjová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The thesis is focused on application of comprehensive knowledge of medieval clothing in education of the first-year students at humanities and art upper-secondary schools. The theoretical knowledge will be used for creating didactic programme from which the students will learn basic facts about clothing and its importance for medieval culture and society. The students should also realize how medieval cultural heritage influences the recent clothing and fashion. The programme involves different educational methods. The efficiency of the programme and its methods will be shown analysing the students' final products. In case the programme is successful, it will be offered to other schools with the same or similar curriculum. As a part of the evaluation, the teachers will be interviewed and their reviews of the programme and its use in education enclosed. KEYWORDS: History of clothing, Middle Ages, Fashion, Everydayness, History, Educational program

The aim of this paper is to use isotope analysis of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur from bone and teeth to investigate whether women from the Viking age and early medieval cemetery in Varnhem were local, rather than from a wider area. What is interesting about this area is that it is a Christian cemetery that was taken into use as early as the Viking age (800-1050 AD), a time where the majority of the Swedish population were pagans. It is therefore thought that the majority of the people buried on the cemetery are people from other parts of the landscape, since few other Christian cemeteries are known from his time. I tested my hypothesis with two research questions regarding diet and sulphur isotope ratios. The results from the isotope analysis showed that the women had a rather homogeneous diet and homogeneous sulphur isotope values. These results can strengthen my hypothesis that they were resident in Varnhem.

Tthis presented work is focused on a issue of atypical burials in medieval Bohemia. There are groups of people and the reasons which they led a community to such an action at that time. This work contains a summary of selected sites with the mentioned specific graves. Analysis and evaluation of character and significance of atypical burials in a medieval community is a part of this work.

Si la présence d’une activité verrière ne semble être connue qu’à partir du XIVème siècle dans le quart sud ouest de la France, c’est véritablement au XVIème siècle qu’elle prend toute son ampleur et atteint son apogée, au vu des nombreux ateliers établis à cette période. En confrontant les archives écrites et les « archives du sol », cette étude vise à apporter un éclairage sur l’évolution de la production du verre entre la période médiévale et la période moderne, et sur les relations qui régissent les maitres verriers, les marchands et les producteurs de matières premières entrant dans la composition du verre. Les flux d’échanges issus de cette activité verrière mettent en relief l’activité économique importante générée au départ d’installations ancrées localement à proximité des ressources forestières indispensables au fonctionnement des fours des verriers, et qui pourtant irriguent l’économie régionale en favorisant les échanges commerciaux et en développant un écosystème autour du transport, de l’activité bancaire, et du troc de marchandises. L’une des caractéristiques fortes de ces échanges commerciaux est qu’ils allient deux espaces maritimes, mer méditerranée et océan atlantique, sur un axe reliant La Rochelle à Narbonne. L’étude des objets en verre fabriqués dans cette zone géographique tend plutôt à montrer que la fabrication est diversifiée, tant vis-à-vis des types d’objets que dans les formes réalisées. Seules quelques productions locales particulières semblent s’adresser à un marché local ou régional. / If the presence of a glass activity seems known only from the 14th century on in the South-West of France, it's truly in the 16th century that it spread and reached its peak, given the numerous workshops established at this time. Comparing the written archives and « ground archives », this study aims to shed light on the evolution of glass production between medieval times and modern times, and on the connections between glass-blowers, merchants and producers of raw materials necessary to the production of glass. The trade flows springing from this glass activity highlight the significant economic activity generated from local plants near forest ressources necessary for the working of glass ovens. These local plants supply regional economy favouring trade and developing an ecosystem based around transport, banking and bartering. One of the main characteristics of this trade is that it linked up two maritime areas, the Mediterranean sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on an axis from La Rochelle to Narbonne. The study of the glass objects made in this geographical area tends to show that the production is varied, both in terms of the types of objects and of the shapes created. Only a few particular local productions seem to be destined to a local or regional market.

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