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En 1350, Pierre de la Jugie, neveu du pape Clément VI, est depuis trois ans sur le siège de Narbonne, à la tête d’un des archevêchés les plus riches du royaume de France, lorsqu’il décide de faire réaliser un pontifical à la hauteur de ses ambitions. Orné de 24 médaillons pour le calendrier, d’une pleine page, et de 61 lettres historiées encore en place (une vingtaine a été découpé), l’ouvrage est un témoignage exceptionnel, bien documenté, qui permet de comprendre les modalités de la commande des manuscrits liturgiques enluminés au XIVe siècle, et qu’il est possible de replacer dans un contexte politique, religieux et artistique bien déterminé. Le livre n’est qu’en partie fidèle au modèle de pontifical établi par Guillaume Durand. Outre un calendrier et des feuillets de comput, il contient aussi plusieurs textes additionnels, expressément ajoutés par Pierre de la Jugie pour certains d’entre eux, et accompagné d’une iconographie qui leur est propre. L’étude des textes, du calendrier au pontifical, et de l’iconographie choisie pour les illustrer, permet de mettre en valeur la forte implication du commanditaire dans la mise en place de ce livre. Les peintures qui ornent ces pages sont l’œuvre de quatre artistes qui, en dépit de leurs formations différentes (Catalogne, Sud de la France, Italie) ont collaboré et se sont mutuellement influencés. Le recensement des productions de chacun des enlumineurs permet enfin de mettre en valeur l’existence de réseaux d’échanges entre les artistes et les commanditaires ecclésiastiques appartenant à un même clan de prélats limousins. / In 1350 , Pierre de la Jugie, archbishop of Narbonne and nephew of Pope Clement VI, decides to make a Pontifical that lives up to his ambitions. Decorated with 24 medallions for the calendar, a full page and 61 historiated letters, the book is an exceptional testimony, well documented, which helps to understand the ways liturgical illuminated manuscripts were ordered during the fourteenth century, and it can be replaced in a well-defined political, religious and artistic context. In addition to a calendar, and computus, this pontifical of Guillaume Durand also contains several additional texts, specifically added by Pierre de la Jugie for some of them, and accompanied by an iconography of their own. The study of the text and iconography highlights the strong involvement of the ecclesiastical patron in the creation of this book. The paintings that adorn these pages are the work of four artists who, despite their different backgrounds (Catalonia, southern France, Italy) have collaborated and influenced each other. The census of production of each of illuminators can finally highlight the existence of exchanges between artists and church patrons belonging to the same clan prelates Limousin networks.

Verba Vana, or ‘empty words’, are named as among the defining features of London by a late fourteenth-century Anglo-Latin poem which itemises the properties of seven English cities. This thesis examines the implications of this description; it explores, in essence, what it meant to live, work, and especially write, in an urban space notorious for the vacuity of its words. The thesis demonstrates that anxieties concerning the notoriety of empty words can be detected in a wide variety of surviving urban writings produced in the 1380s and 1390s. These include anxieties not only about idle talk – such as janglynge, slander, and other sins of the tongue – but also about the deficiencies of official discourses which are partisan, fragmentary and susceptible to contradiction and revision. This thesis explores these anxieties over the course of four discrete chapters. Chapter one, focusing on Letter-Book H, Richard Maidstone’s Concordia and Geoffrey Chaucer’s Cook’s Tale, considers how writers engaged with the urban power struggles that were played out on Cheapside. Chapter two, examining the 1388 Guild Petitions, considers how the London guilds legitimised their textual endeavours and argues that the famous Mercers’ Petition is a translation of the hitherto-ignored Embroiderers’ Petition. Chapter three, looking at several works by Chaucer, John Gower, the Monk of Westminster and various urban officials, explores the discursive space that emerges following justified and unjustified executions. Chapter four, focusing on Chaucer’s Squire’s Tale and John Clanvowe’s Boke of Cupide, contends that the crises of speech and authority that these poems dramatise can be productively read within the context of the Merciless Parliament of 1388. Through close textual analysis, this thesis analyses specific responses to the prevalence of empty words in the city, while also reflecting more broadly on the remarkable cultural, linguistic, social, and political developments witnessed in this period.

Thesis advisor: Jean-Luc Solère / This dissertation pursues a philosophical analysis of the epistemic claims of the discipline of theology--a intellectual discipline whose unique identity was being crafted in the high and late Middle Ages. In particular, this study focuses on how the theologian can both rely on "faith" and "authority" while also claiming to acquire a kind of knowledge that the simple believer does not have. The prologue to Sentences Commentary of the Augustinian, Gregory of Rimini, is the focal point of the dissertation, since the "prologue" is the typical place for theologians to philosophically reflect on the nature of their discipline. However, Rimini will be considered carefully in light of his fourteenth-century context. The study will look specifically at those thinkers Rimini directly engages with: namely, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Peter Aureoli, William of Ockham and Adam Wodeham. But, in light of Rimini's status as an Augustinian hermit, the study will also be attentive to the tradition of Augustinian theologians that precede Rimini; most notably, this is Giles of Rome, star pupil of Aquinas and the intellectual father of the Augustinian Order. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.

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Lawyers have widely been recognized as playing a role in the transition from the medieval to the modem state. Their presence in Renaissance Venetian politics, however, remains largely unexplored. Relying primarily on a prosopographical analysis, the thesis explores the various roles played by lawyers, dividing those roles into three main categories: diplomats, territorial governors, and domestic legislators. What emerges is a clear pattern of significant involvement by legally trained patricians in the Venetian political system. Noble lawyers were most often ambassadors, serving in many of the principal courts inside and outside of Italy as Venice was extending her influence on the Italian peninsula. They also served as administrators of Venetian rule throughout the Venetian terraferma (mainland) state. Lastly, their domestic political officeholding further confirms their continuing participation, as they held many of the most important domestic offices throughout the Quattrocento. The thesis ends with short biographies of each of the nearly three-dozen lawyers who make up this study, as well as chronologies of the offices they held. These chronologies include archival references for each office.

During the fourteenth century in England there began a movement referred to as Lollardy. Throughout history, Lollardy has been viewed as a precursor to the Protestant Reformation. There has been a long ongoing debate among scholars trying to identify the extent of Lollard beliefs among the English. Attempting to identify who was a Lollard has often led historians to look at the trial records of those accused of being Lollards. One aspect overlooked in these studies is the role civic authorities, like the mayor of a town, played in the heresy trials of suspected Lollards. Contrary to existing beliefs that the Lollards were marginalized figures, the mayors' willingness to defend them against Church prosecution implies that either Lollard sympathies were more widespread than previously noted or Lollards were being inaccurately identified in the court records. This contradicts scholars' previous view that English religious views were clearly divided between Lollards and non-Lollards, providing depth and additional support to very recent work emphasizing the complexity of religious identity during the period immediately preceding the Reformation.

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