The subject of this diploma thesis is legislation in today's Tuscnay region in the Trecento. Its introductary part focuses on the general political and administrative legal situation in the determined area, the historical excursion also deals with sources of law in the Trecento. The second part focuses on the evolution of the tuscan dialect in the Duecento and Trecento, taking into account legal language as well. The third part is dedicated to legal language itself, to its specifics and peculiarities regarding the lexicon and also morphology and syntax. The final chapter is dedicated to a practical analysis of a legal document from the fourteenth century, Statuti dell'Opera di San Jacopo di Pistoia.

[Typescript] Includes bibliography.

[Typescript]

The port of London in the 14th century accommodated a wide range of activities and interests, several important aspects of which are considered here.The first part of the thesis looks successively at the general topography of the port, at the authorities which administered it, and at trade and shipping in London. It is clear that the port was effectively only the city waterfront, but within this stretch were several areas with different characteristics. Certain well-established 'ports' or inlets for general merchandise, especially victuals, contrasted with areas where there was little or no mercantile activity, and with areas like the Vintry and the Wool Wharf where major overseas trades were located. Waterfront structures were very varied in type and use. Both the City and the Crown exercised jurisdiction in the port. The City collected local customs and legislated to preserve the port's facilities and control wholesale and retail trade. The royal Customs accounts provide information for the operation of that system, which had some shortcomings, and also for trade itself, showing the range of London's trading contacts, and changes in the major trades in wool, woollen cloth, and wine. Ships of widely differing sizes, types, and origins visited London, and an estimate of the annual volume of shipping is made. Ownership and contractual arrangements are considered. The second part of the thesis returns to more detailed examination of the topography of the waterfront, in gazetteer form. The first attempt to study such a large area of the City through topographical reconstruction, it shows,through brief accounts of all the properties to the south of Thames Street, what the area was like in physical terms, and who owned it, aspects which were clearly related to the way in which the waterfront was used.

The aim of this thesis is to provide a thorough introduction to shorter satirical poetry in Middle English, and also to provide stimulus and material for further study in this somewhat neglected area of medieval English literature. The thesis presents 83 newly transcribed, edited and annotated shorter (approximately 200 ll. or less) poems, which have never before been collected. Strictly political poems, more properly the subject of a separate study, are not included, nor are the poems of Dunbar, Skelton, Henryson and Hoccleve, which are available in excellent editions. The poems are loosely grouped according to the subjects they satirize: clergy, women and marriage, money and venality, rogues and fools, specific people, and medical recipes. A lengthy introduction briefly discusses the problem of defining satire in the Middle English period before going on to discuss the background of medieval satire for each group. For each poem there are notes which clarify difficult points as well as give information on the manuscripts and editions in which the poem appears. Appendix A prints a not hitherto recognized parody of Lydgate's A Valentine to Our Lady with the text of Lydgate's poem facing, and discusses some of the difficulties of recognizing parody in Middle English in light of this particular example. Appendix B is an index which attempts to list all nonnarrative satirical verse in English which appeared between the thirteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A glossary of difficult words in the texts is included.

This thesis traces the way in which the growing political consciousness of the English nation in the thirteenth century led the king to pay more attention to public opinion, and considers the arguments he used to justify his policies, and in particular his military undertakings, before a wider public audience. The development of such political propaganda began during Henry Ill's reign. Yet he felt little need to explain his policies until this increasingly unrealistic position was exposed during 1258-65, when the barons made strenuous and successful attempts to exploit public opinion. Edward I probably learnt much from his father's experience, and during his reign took considerable care to explain how his wars were in the interests of the realm. The traditional means of communication and the arguments put across both underwent considerable development as a result. Much of the material for this study is in print. The king's arguments can be established from the writs entered on the chancery rolls, supplemented by the accounts of the chroniclers, while the outline of the barons' arguments in 1258-65 can be established from the same sources. Bishops' registers and the memoranda rolls provide further information towards the end of the century. Throughout an attempt has been made to show how the king's claims and arguments were viewed, which is not particularly easy. The main sources for public opinion, the chronicles, supplemented by political songs, reflect mainly the views of literate churchmen, and the opinions of the laity can be ascertained only indirectly. Yet the picture which emerges is of an increasingly politically conscious nation following the main political events with interest, and able to judge the merits of the king's arguments for itself.

[Typescript] / Includes bibliography. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of English, 1965

Le XIVe siècle voit le passage de l’Etat domanial à l’Etat fiscal : le royaume de France, confronté à un déficit budgétaire dont la principale cause est la multiplication des conflits militaires, subit de nouvelles formes de prélèvement, qualifiées d’extraordinaires mais en réalité de plus en plus banales. Le Languedoc offre une perspective intéressante dans la mesure où la région n’a été rattachée au domaine royal qu’au siècle précédent. L’étude porte sur la sénéchaussée de Carcassonne, pour laquelle les fonds sont particulièrement riches, notamment sur le plan comptable. On y observe une domination précoce des impôts directs (fouages) dont la gestion est en grande partie laissée à la charge des villes et communautés, principaux interlocuteurs du roi et de ses représentants, notamment dans les assemblées d’Etats. Dans la seconde moitié du siècle, le Languedoc n’échappe pas aux taxations indirectes, qui elles aussi deviennent récurrentes. L’étude montre la stabilité du système fiscal languedocien, mais aussi la complexité croissante de l’appareil administratif gérant le prélèvement, dans un contexte politique et diplomatique pour le moins troublé. La gestion de l’impôt est en quelque sorte « bipolaire » : les fouages obéissent à une tradition régionale, tandis que les taxes indirectes sur les marchandises et les échanges obéissent à des règles théoriquement valables pour tout le royaume. La figure du lieutenant royal en Languedoc, rapidement monopolisée par des princes du sang, permet d’assurer une dialectique subtile entre le centre et la périphérie, au même titre que le système des apanages caractéristique de la dynastie des Valois, en faisant circuler dans le royaume un grand nombre d’officiers dont une partie, néanmoins, est d’origine locale. Ce sont ces « intermédiaires de l’impôt » qui permettent au système de fonctionner. / In the 14th century, the public domain State changes into the tax State : the kingdom of France confronted with a budget deficit mainly caused by the multiplication of military conflicts faces new types of taxation deemed amazing but actually more and more commonplace. The Languedoc region is worth exploring insofar as it was only united with the royal realm in the previous century. The survey focuses on the seneschalsy of Carcassonne whose funds are particularly rich especially in the accounting field. Direct taxation (hearth taxes) early prevails there, the management of which is mostly under the control of towns and communities, the main interlocutors of the king and his representatives in particular in the State assemblies. In the second half of the century, Languedoc is hit as well by indirect taxes which are becoming recurrent too. The survey shows the stability of the Languedoc tax system but also the increasing complexity of the services ruling tax collection in a political and diplomatic context, troubled to say the least. Tax management is 'bipolar', so to speak. Hearth taxes obey a regional tradition whereas indirect taxes on commodities and exchanges obey rules which in theory are at work in all the kingdom. The royal lieutenant figure in Languedoc soon monopolized by princes of royal blood helps ensure a subtle dialogue between the centre and the periphery, as does the apanage system which characterizes the Valois dynasty, by circulating a large number of officers some of whom are, however, locally born. These tax 'go-betweens' do allow the system to work.

I. Purpose To place the Livre and its author in their historical setting, in order to evaluate their contribution to ideas on the education of women. II. Development 1. An outline of cultural influences in Mediaeval France. 2. A description of texts on the education of girls and women prior to the time of the Chevalier de La Tour Landry, noting changes in ideas. Contributions made by Vincent de Beauvais and Pierre Dubois. The influence of the Dicta Catonis, a little book of maxims. 3. The position and condition of women of noble families as a result of certain cultural influences such as that of Courtly Love. 4. An analysis of the examples contained in the Livre, giving an overall picture of the virtues which one could expect to find in an honourable woman with a Christian upbringing. III. Conclusion The Livre and its author in relation to the influences of their time and place. A defense against later critics. Definition of "enseignement,” and evaluation of the Livre and its author in the light of the meaning of this term. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

The subject of this study is to chronicle and elaborate on the existing mural paintings in our territory depicting Passion of Christ in the first half of the 14th century in particular, from the iconographic perspective. The cycles from the first half of the 14th century in this thesis are follows: (i) The Passion Cycle in St. Wenceslas church in Bubovice; (ii) The Passion Cycle in St. George church in Čebín; (iii) The Passion Cycle in St. Peter and St. Paul church in Dalešice; (iv) The Passion Cycle in St. Martin church in Dolní Město; (v) The Passion Cycle in castle Houska chapel; (vi) The Passion Cycle in St. John the Baptist church in Jindřichův Hradec; (vii) The Passion Cycle in St. James the Greater church in Křeč; (viii) The Passion Cycle in Church of the birth of the Virgin Mary in Starý Plzenec; (ix) The Passion Cycle in the Former Johanit Commandery and the Church of St. Prokop at Strakonice. Keywords: mural painting, 14th century, The Passion of Christ, iconography