Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 71060100684.pdf.jpg: 18114 bytes, checksum: da9916e90180a19d448f0bd3e0457135 (MD5) 71060100684.pdf.txt: 567167 bytes, checksum: 5eded620ff13dc8108ff6de2a5141658 (MD5) 71060100684.pdf: 1683798 bytes, checksum: 2d38054b95b92adf172248b7ed660642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01T00:00:00Z / Esta pesquisa trata do processo de formação de estratégias de manufatura em empresas brasileiras pequenas e médias. Fazendo uso de extensa revisão bibliográfica, é desenvolvida uma ferramenta para o auxílio da tipificação e análise dos processos de formação de estratégias de manufatura, que utiliza duas principais dimensões: a direção predominante (top-down ou bottom-up) e a consideração ou não da existência de trade-offs entre critérios de desempenho no processo de formação das estratégias de manufatura. Esta ferramenta é então aplicada na análise em profundidade de quatro estudos de caso de empresas brasileiras de médio porte. Conclusões são tiradas e hipóteses formuladas sobre como as empresas brasileiras pequenas e médias formam suas estratégias de manufatura. Também com base nos achados dos estudos de caso e na revisão bibliográfica, são identificados 10 requisitos para um processo ideal de gestão da formação de estratégias de manufatura em empresas brasileiras pequenas e médias. Com base nestes requisitos, e como orientação à prática, é então desenvolvido e proposto um processo passo-a-passo para permitir que gestores das empresas brasileiras pequenas e médias possam de forma relativamente simples, gerenciar melhor seus processos de gestão da formação de suas estratégias de manufatura, beneficiando-se do estado da arte dos desenvolvimentos conceituais na área. / The research reported here deals with the process of manufacturing strategy formation in small and medium sized Brazilian companies. Making use of an extensive literature review, an analytical tool is developed to help classify and analyze the manufacturing strategy formation processes, which utilizes two main dimensions: the predominant direction (top down or bottom up) and the consideration (or not) of trade-offs between manufacturing performance criteria in the formation of manufacturing strategy. This analytical tool is then applied in the in-depth analyses of four case studies of Brazilian mid-sized manufacturers. Conclusions are drawn and hypotheses formulated as to how Brazilian small and medium sized companies form their manufacturing strategies. Also based on the case studies findings and on the literature review, 10 requisites are identified as desirable to be present in an ideal process of manufacturing strategy formation in small and mid-sized Brazilian companies. Based on these 10 requisites and with the objective of orienting practitioners, a step-by-step process is developed and presented so that Brazilian companies and their executives can better manage their manufacturing strategy formation process, and by doing so, benefit from the state of the art of the conceptual developments in the field.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka sambandet mellan målet med en investering och en beslutsfattares val av kapitalbudgeteringstekniker i medelstora företag. Vidare har beslutsfattarens humankapital lagts till som modererande faktor för att kontrollera dess påverkan på det generella sambandet mellan målet med en investering och valet av kapitalbudgeteringstekniker. Baserat på 51 kvantitativa svar från beslutsfattare i medelstora företag visar resultatet att valet av kapitalbudgeteringstekniker varierar beroende på vilket mål investeringen syftar till att uppfylla medan beslutsfattarens humankapital inte visat någon modererande effekt. Vidare bidrar studien med en alternativ uppdelning av kapitalbudgeteringstekniker som frångår den teoretiska uppdelningen, en uppdelning som är mer praktiskt orienterad och ser till intressenters målsättningar. / This study aims to explore the relationship between the target goal of an investment and the choice of capital budgeting techniques made by decisionmakers in medium-size companies. Furthermore, the decisionmaker’s human capital has been added as a moderating factor to control for its impact on the general relationship between the goal of an investment and the choice of capital budgeting techniques. Based on 51 questionnaires from decisionmakers in medium- size companies, the results show that the choice of capital budgeting techniques varies depending on the target goal of the investment, where shareholders generally chose sophisticated techniques and stakeholders tend to use the unsophisticated techniques. Contrastively, the decisionmaker’s human capital shows no moderating effect. Finally, this study provides an alternative structuring of capital budgeting techniques incongruent with theoretical approaches, one that is more practically oriented and conscientious of the end target of interested parties.

The diploma work summarizes in the first section the common knowledge in the audit field of information systems and technologies theory as well as common state of knowledge in the field of marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises and market research as well. In the second section, the tools summarized in the first part are used for designing marketing research project on "The audit of information systems and technology in smaller businesses." The aim of the research was to seek the experience and customer feedback from the segment of smaller businesses to audit information systems. The research was designed as a qualitative one. As technique implementation of research was elected a research interview with looser structure. The work is divided to three parts -- designing of marketing research methodology, as well as conducting this research and it's evaluation.

Ce mémoire met en perspective plusieurs facteurs de risque en matière de santé et sécurité au travail (SST) qui sont importants pour les travailleurs, soit la formation SST (pas toujours adéquate, pertinente ou suffisante), le peu d’expérience des jeunes travailleurs, le fait de travailler dans de petites et moyennes entreprises du secteur de la construction et de la fabrication connexe, tout en tenant compte des impératifs imposés par la pandémie liée à la COVID-19. La recherche vise à identifier et à explorer les facilitateurs et les obstacles à la formation SST en entreprise dans ce contexte bien particulier. Pour ce faire, des entretiens ont été réalisés avec des jeunes travailleurs de ce secteur d’activité (n=6), des gestionnaires des ressources humaines (n=3) des trois entreprises participantes et un formateur (n=1) du cours Santé et sécurité générale sur les chantiers de construction. Les guides d’entrevues ont été développés pour discuter des facteurs individuels, organisationnels, liés à la formation et temporels jugés les plus pertinents dans des concepts théoriques et des modèles liés à la formation. En général, il semble que les jeunes travailleurs des secteurs de la construction sont sensibilisés aux enjeux et à la formation SST, et plus enclins à acquérir ces connaissances que les travailleurs plus expérimentés. Cependant, les jeunes travailleurs peuvent plus difficilement imaginer l'application concrète d'une nouvelle connaissance SST, et ainsi adopter un comportement sécuritaire en conséquence, en raison de leur expérience plus limitée et leur connaissance plus restreinte de la tâche. Dans l’ensemble, on constate que les travailleurs sont plus ou moins indifférents pour ce qui est de la SST et s’y conformeraient sans se poser de questions; ils auraient aussi la perception que la SST pourrait être améliorée, sans toutefois préciser la façon dont cela pourrait se faire. Cependant, ceux qui s’y intéressent auraient davantage tendance à mieux effectuer les tâches assignées de manière sécuritaire. Ceci soulève également l’importance de sensibiliser chaque travailleur à l’importance de sa tâche individuelle, qui se répercute sur l’ensemble des autres travailleurs et de l’organisation. Quant à l'application des mesures sanitaires liées à la COVID-19, à l’exception d’un répondant, tous les travailleurs participants ont jugé que la formation était pertinente et qu'ils savaient appliquer ces mesures dans leurs tâches quotidiennes et cela relativement facilement. / This master’s thesis puts into perspective several occupational health and safety (OHS) risk factors that are important to workers, namely OHS training (not always adequate, relevant or sufficient), the lack of experience of young workers, working in small and medium-sized companies in the construction and related manufacturing sector, while taking into account the imperatives imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the research is to identify and explore the facilitators and barriers to company-based OHS training in this particular context. To do this, interviews were conducted with young workers in this sector of activity (n=6), human resources managers (n=3) from the three participating companies, and a trainer (n=1) of the Santé et sécurité générale sur les chantiers de construction course (General Health and Safety on Construction Sites course). Interview guides were developed to discuss the individual, organisational, time-related and training-related factors identified as most relevant in theoretical concepts and models related to training. In general, it appears that young workers in the construction sectors are aware of OHS issues and training, and more willing to acquire this knowledge than more experienced workers. However, it is more difficult for young workers to imagine the concrete application of new OHS knowledge, and thus adopt safe behaviour accordingly, due to their more limited experience and knowledge of the task. Overall, workers were found to be more or less indifferent to OHS and would comply without question; they would also perceive that OHS could be improved, but would not specify how this could be done. However, those who were interested were more likely to do their assigned tasks in a better and safer manner. This also raises the importance of making each worker aware of the importance of his or her individual task, which has an impact on all other workers and the organisation. With regard to the application of health measures related to COVID-19, with the exception of one respondent, all participating workers felt that the training was relevant and that they knew how to apply these measures in their daily tasks relatively easily.

Being innovative and environmentally sustainable can help companies to achieve success. Depending on the size of the company it can be achieved in different ways. When conducting innovation projects, the level of formal steering support might differ, especially if sustainability wants to be achieved. This thesis aims to answer the question how the need of ensuring the firm’s vision of being environmentally sustainable and use it as a marketing advantage affect the need of formal steering support in innovation projects in medium sized enterprises. Until today research have not addressed this question in a sufficient manner whereas focus has been on “SME’s” (Small and Medium sized Enterprises), small or large companies. Large companies need rather formal processes while smaller companies can be more informal and flexible. This thesis takes the perspective of the medium sized company and investigates their specific needs. A variety of innovation projects have been studied at a medium sized company and insights from it has been combined with literature on innovation processes to find the right balance of formality. The conclusion being drawn is that formality is needed especially in the beginning and in the end of an innovation project for a medium sized company if sustainability wants to be achieved and used as a marketing advantage. / Att vara innovativ och miljömässigt hållbar kan hjälpa ett företag att nå framgång. Beroende på företagets storlek kan denna framgång uppnås på olika sätt. När innovationsprojekt genomförs kan nivån av formell projektstyrning variera, speciellt om man vill uppnå en viss nivå av miljömässig hållbarhet. Denna uppsats ämnar svara på frågan huruvida behovet av att säkerhetsställa ett företags hållbarhetsvision och använda resultatet som en marknadsfördel påverkar behovet av formell projektstyrning i medelstora företag. Fram tills idag har forskning inte tagit upp denna fråga på ett tillräckligt sätt. Fokus har varit på ”SME’s” (små och medelstora företag), små eller stora företag. Stora företag behöver ha rätt formella processer för innovationsarbete medan små företag kan vara informella och flexibla. I denna uppsats är fokus på medelstora företag och deras specifika behov gällande formalitet. För att göra detta har vi studerat en rad olika innovationsprojekt på ett medelstort företag och kombinerat detta med litteratur rörande innovationsprocesser för att hitta rätt balans av formalitet. Slutsatsen som dras är att formalitet är nödvändig, särskilt i början och i slutet av ett innovationsprojekt för medelstora företag som vill uppnå en viss nivå av miljömässig hållbarhet och använda det som en marknadsfördel.