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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Study on Assessment and Adaptation to Saltwater Intrusion under the Impacts of Tide, Sea-Level Rise, Flow and Morphological Changes in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta / ベトナム・メコンデルタにおける塩水遡上に及ぼす潮汐・海面上昇および流況・河道地形変化の影響評価および適応策に関する研究

Nguyen, Thi Phuong Mai 23 May 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13491号 / 論工博第4200号 / 新制||工||1785(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 准教授 Kantoush Sameh, 准教授 竹門 康弘 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
22

Côtes sablo-vaseuses sous influence deltaïque de l'Amazone et du Mékong : dynamique morpho-sédimentaire, stabilité et aménagement / Sandy-mud coasts under deltaic influence of the Amazon and the Mekong : morpho-sedimentary dynamics, stability and landuse

Brunier, Guillaume 11 December 2015 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a porté sur l’étude de littoraux sous l’influence de deux grands deltas, l’Amazone et le Mékong, avec un focus sur les plages et cheniers de Guyane intégrant le système de dispersion vaseuse de l’Amazone, et sur les liens entre la déstabilisation du littoral du delta du Mékong et les changements morpho-bathymétriques des chenaux deltaïques sous influence anthropique croissante. L’étude de la plage de Montjoly en Guyane a été conduite en combinant une approche innovante de photogrammétrie aéroportée SfM (Structure from Motion), des mesures hydrodynamiques, bathymétriques, et la modélisation de la propagation des houles à travers cette bathymétrie. Les résultats obtenus montrent le potentiel considérable de la technique de photogrammétrie SfM pour l’étude géomorphologique des plages, et confirment un modèle de rotation de la plage sous l'influence de banc de vase. Le suivi du second site d’étude, un chenier en recul sur un ancien polder rizicole vaseux, au travers d'une analyse multi décennale d’images satellites et des mesures de terrain, a démontré très finement les taux (atteignant 160 m par an) et mécanismes de recul du substrat vaseux en lien avec sa rhéologie.L’analyse de l'évolution de la bathymétrie des chenaux deltaïques du Mékong sur une décennie (1998 et 2008), conduite à travers une méthode sous SIG, a permis de quantifier une perte nette de 200 millions de m3 de sédiments et un approfondissement de chenaux ne relevant pas de processus naturels mais d'extraction de granulats.Ces prélèvements importants de sédiments ont des répercussions importantes sur les apports de sédiments au littoral du delta qui montre des taux d’érosion importants. / This thesis is a geomorphic study of two separate sites associated with two large deltas: the Amazon and the Mekong, with a focus on a beach and chenier in French Guiana integrated into the mud dispersal system of the Amazon, and on the links between destabilization of the Mekong delta shoreline and morpho-bathymetric changes in the deltaic channels under increasing human influence.The study of Montjoly beach in French Guiana was carried out using a combination of an innovative approach in SfM (Structure from Motion) airborne photogrammetry, hydrodynamic and bathymetric measurements, and wave propagation modelling over the nearshore bathymetry. The results show the strong potential of SfM photogrammetry in high-resolution morphometric and sediment budget surveys of sandy beach, and confirm a previously proposed model of beach rotation under mud-bank influence.The second field site in French Guiana, a retreating chenier over a muddy abandoned polder formerly a rice fields, work based on a multi-decadal analysis of satellite images combined with short-term field topographic and hydrodynamic measurements highlighted high rates of chenier migration (up to 160 m a year) and retreat mechanisms over the muddy substrate due to its rheology.A GIS-based analysis of bathymetric changes in the deltaic channels of the Mekong over a 10-year period (1998 to 2008) enabled the quantification of a net loss of 200 million m3 of sediments and an increase in the mean depth of the channels, which appears as unnatural and due to sand mining.These important sediment extractions have serious repercussions on sediment supply to the Mekong delta coast, which shows important rates of erosion.
23

Satellite remote sensing of the variability of the continental hydrology cycle in the lower Mekong basin over the last two decades / Analyse de la variabilité du cycle hydrologique continental dans le bassin inférieur du Mékong au cours des deux dernières décennies, par l'observation satellite

Pham-Duc, Binh 06 February 2018 (has links)
Les eaux superficielles sont nécessaires à toute forme de vie en tant que parties intégrantes de tout processus de vie sur Terre. Quantifier les eaux de surface et suivre leurs variations est primordial en raison du lien direct qui existe entre les variables hydrologiques et le changement climatique. La télédétection par satellite, de l’hydrologie continental offre l’opportunité unique d’étudier, depuis l’espace, les processus hydrologiques à différentes échelles (régionale et globale). Dans cette thèse, différentes techniques ont été développées afin d’étudier les variations des eaux superficielles ainsi que d’autres variables hydrologiques, au niveau du bassin inférieur du Mékong (entre le Vietnam et le Cambodge) et ce en utilisant plusieurs estimations satellitaires différentes. Cette thèse s’articule autour de quatre points principaux. Premièrement, l’utilisation d’observations satellitaires dans le visible et dans l’infrarouge (MODIS) est étudiée et comparée afin d’évaluer les eaux de surface au niveau du bassin inférieur du Mékong. Quatre méthodes de classification ont été utilisées afin de différencier les types de surface (inondés ou pas) dans le bassin. Les différentes méthodes ont donné des cartes d’eaux de surface aux résultats semblables en terme de dynamique saisonnière. La classification la plus adaptée aux régions tropicales a été ensuite choisie pour produire une carte des eaux de surface à la résolution de 500 m entre janvier 2001 et aujourd’hui. La comparaison des séries temporelles issues de cette carte et de celles issues du produit de référence MODIS donne une forte corrélation temporelle (> 95%) pour la période 2001-2007. Deuxièmement, l’utilisation des observations issues du satellite SAR Sentinel-1 est examinée à des fins identiques. L’imagerie satellitaire optique est ici remplacée i par les images SAR qui grâce aux longueurs d’ondes utilisées dans le micro-ondes, permettent de « voir » à travers les nuages. Un jeu d’images Landsat-8-sans-nuage est alors utilisé pour entraîner un Réseau de Neurones (RN) afin de restituer des cartes d’eaux de surface par l’utilisation d’un seuillage sur les sorties du modèle RN. Les cartes sont à la résolution spatiale de 30 m et disponibles depuis janvier 2015. Comparées aux cartes de référence Landsat-8-sans-nuage, les sorties de modèles RN montre une très grande corrélation (90%) ainsi qu’une détection "vraie" à 90%. Les cartes restituées d’eaux de surface utilisant la technologie SAR sont enfin comparées aux cartes d’inondation issues de données topographiques. Les résultats montrent une fois encore une très grande consistance entres les deux cartes avec 98% des pixels considérés comme inondés dans cartes SAR se trouvant dans les régions de très grande probabilité d’inondation selon la topographie (>60%). Troisièmement, la variation volumique des eaux de surface est calculée comme le produit de l’étendue de la surface avec la hauteur d’eau. Ces deux variables sont validées à l’aide d’autres produits hydrologiques et montrent de bons résultats. La hauteur d’eau superficielle est linéairement interpolée aux régions non inondées afin de produire des cartes mensuelles à la résolution spatiale de 500 m. La hauteur d’eau est ensuite analysée pour estimer les variations volumiques. Ces résultats montrent une très bonne corrélation avec la variation volumique induite par la mesure du contenu en eau du satellite GRACE (95%) ainsi qu’avec la variation des mesures in situ de débit des rivières. Finalement, deux produits globaux et multi-satellites d’eaux superficielles sont comparés à l’échelle régionale et globale sur la période 1993-2007: GIEMS et SWAMPS. Lorsqu’elles existent, les données auxiliaires sont utilisées afin de renforcer l’analyse. Les deux produits montrent une dynamique similaire, mais 50% des pixels inondés dans SWAMPS se trouvent le long des côtes. / Surface water is essential for all forms of life since it is involved in almost all processes of life on Earth. Quantifying and monitoring surface water and its variations are important because of the strong connections between surface water, other hydrological components (groundwater and soil moisture, for example), and the changing climate system. Satellite remote sensing of land surface hydrology has shown great potential in studying hydrology from space at regional and global scales. In this thesis, different techniques using several types of satellite estimates have been made to study the variation of surface water, as well as other hydrological components in the lower Mekong basin (located in Vietnam and Cambodia) over the last two decades. This thesis focuses on four aspects. First, the use of visible/infrared MODIS/Terra satellite observations to monitor surface water in the lower Mekong basin is investigated. Four different classification methods are applied, and their results of surface water maps show similar seasonality and dynamics. The most suitable classification method, that is specially designed for tropical regions, is chosen to produce regular surface water maps of the region at 500 m spatial resolution, from January 2001 to present time. Compared to reference data, the MODIS-derived surface water time series show the same amplitude, and very high temporal correlation for the 2001-2007 period (> 95%). Second, the use of SAR Sentinel-1 satellite observations for the same objective is studied. Optical satellite data are replaced by SAR satellite data to benefit the ability of their microwave wavelengths to pass through clouds. Free-cloud Landsat-8 satellite imagery are set as targets to train and optimize a Neural Network (NN). Predicted surface water maps (30 m spatial resolution) are built for the studied region from January 2015 to present time, by applying a threshold (0.85) to the output of the NN. Compared to reference free-cloud Landsat-8 surface water maps, results derived from the NN show high spatial correlation (_90%), as well as true positive detection of water pixels (_90%). Predicted SAR surface water maps are also compared to floodability maps derived from topography data, and results show high consistency between the two independent maps with 98% of SAR-derived water pixels located in areas with a high probability of inundation (>60%). Third, the surface water volume variation is calculated as the product of the surface water extent and the surface water height. The two components are validated with other hydrological products, and results show good consistencies. The surface water height are linearly interpolated over inundated areas to build monthly maps at 500 m spatial resolution, then are used to calculate changes in the surface water volume. Results show high correlations when compared to variation of the total land surface water volume derived from GRACE data (95%), and variation of the in situ discharge estimates (96%). Fourth, two monthly global multi-satellite surface water products (GIEMS & SWAMPS) are compared together over the 1993-2007 period at regional and global scales. Ancillary data are used to support the analyses when available. Similar temporal dynamics of global surface water are observed when compared GIEMS and SWAMPS, but _50% of the SWAMPS inundated surfaces are located along the coast line. Over the Amazon and Orinoco basins, GIEMS and SWAMPS have very high water surface time series correlations (95% and 99%, respectively), but SWAMPS maximum water extent is just a half of what observed from GIEMS and SAR estimates. SWAMPS fails to capture surface water dynamics over the Niger basin since its surface water seasonality is out of phase with both GIEMS- and MODIS-derived water extent estimates, as well as with in situ river discharge data.
24

Integrated municipal solid waste management approach in adaptation to climate change in Mekong Delta: Review paper

Nguyen, Xuan Hoang 15 November 2012 (has links)
A fast increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become the most concerning environmental problem in Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta region, that is considered one of the most vulnerable deltas to climate change in the world. There are 12 provinces and one central city in MD that occupy about 12% of the whole area of the nation with 5% of MSW generated. However, there is no currently effective management system in place for treatment and management of MSW in the MD. Landfill is the sole treatment option for MSW right now. With a low-level plain, MD is facing the most serious environmental problem in the near future with an effect of climate change and sea level rising. The landfill should not be considered for long-term use in this area. Suitable treatment options for MSW should be applied together with other solutions for reuse, recycling and reduction of MSW as well as pollution prevention issue. An integrated MSW management approach in adaptation to climate change is considered necessary. / Sự tăng nhanh chất thải rắn đã trở thành vấn đề vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm nhất ở Việt Nam, đặc biệt là ở khu Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long một trong những đồng bằng dễ bị tổn thương bởi sự biến đổi khí hậu nhất trên thế giới. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long có 12 tỉnh và một thành phố trực thuộc trung ương, chiếm 12% diện tích của cả nước với khoảng 5% lượng chất thải rắn phát sinh. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay chưa có một hệ thống quản lý hiệu quả cho chất thải rắn ở khu vực. Bãi rác là lựa chọn xử lý duy nhất ở thời điểm này. Với cao độ thấp, Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long đang đối mặt với ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng của các vấn đề môi trường trong tương lai gần bởi ảnh hưởng của sự biến đổi khí hậu và nước biển dâng. Về lâu dài bãi rác không nên sử dụng ở khu vực này. Các lựa chọn xử lý thích hợp cho chất thải rắn cần được áp dụng cùng với các giải pháp khác như tái sử dụng, tái chế và giảm thiểu chất thải rắn cũng như các giải pháp ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm. Cách tiếp cận quản lý tổng hợp chất thải rắn nhằm ứng phó sự biến đổi khí hậu cần được xem xét.
25

Distribution pattern of free living nematode communities in the eight Mekong estuaries by seasonal factor: Research article

Ngo, Xuan Quang, Nguyen, Ngoc Chau, Nguyen, Dinh Tu, Pham, Van Lam, Vanreusel, Ann 14 November 2013 (has links)
The temporal variation of nematode communities in eight mouth stations of the Mekong River system was investigated in order to compare the change between the dry and the wet season. The nematode data was analysed by multivariate techniques such as SIMPROF, MDS, ANOSIM and SIMPER in the software PRIMER v.6 – PERMANOVA. Our results showed that average dissimi-larity between seasons of the nematode communities in each station was high. Seasonal factor did not affect strongly their distribution pattern. Dominant genera Desmodora and Oncholaimellus usually occurred in the sand stations and Parodontophora and Halalaimus were characteristic for the silty group in both seasons. The spatial variations in this estuarine area have an influence that is larger than seasonal factors. / Sự phân bố theo thời gian của quần xã tuyến trùng sống tự do vùng cửa sông Mekong được nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá sự khác biệt của chúng trong mùa mưa và mùa khô. Dữ liệu của tuyến trùng được xử lý và phân tích đa biến như SIMPROF, MDS, ANOSIM và SIMPER bằng phần mềm PRIMER v.6 – PERMANOVA. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự khác biệt theo mùa trong quần xã tuyến trùng tại mỗi điểm là khá lớn nhưng yếu tố mùa không ảnh hưởng gì tới mô hình phân bố của chúng. Một số giống ưu thế trong nền đáy cát như Desmodora and Oncholaimellus trong khi đó Parodontophora và Halalaimus thích nghi nền bùn sét phù sa vẫn hiễn diện trong cả 2 mùa. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy sự biến động trong không gian ở đây lớn hơn sự biến động về mùa vụ.
26

Environmental changes and migration : Understanding perceptions and rationalizations of stakeholders in An Biên District, Vietnam

Permats Hammarbäck, Vendela January 2023 (has links)
As environmental changes, including climate change, become more and more severe and affect every corner of the world, many people are forced to move from their homestead as the nearby environment that once was a safe place slowly becomes inhabitable. The Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam is one of the places in the world where environmental changes jeopardize rural livelihoods creating a trend of out-migration and urbanization. Through a Minor Field Study facilitated by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, SIDA, this research was conducted in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, specifically the An Biên District in Kiên Giang province. The empirical base did, from an ethnographically inspired qualitative method, collect primary data by using observation, semi-structured interviews, a group discussion, as well as expert interviews with key informants. The research aimed at generating insights and knowledge about local perceptions by investigating environmental changes’ connection to migration and integrating the frameworks Drivers of Migration and the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods approach. It found both that the perceptions of environmental changes impact on livelihoods and its relation to migration as adaptation was different depending on the type of agricultural activities. It also found that environmental changes partly had or did not at all have a relationship with migration as adaptation, but rather the financial and social conditions together with natural capital as the size of land.
27

A Study on Rice Production Efficiency and Sustainable Farming in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta / ベトナムメコンデルタにおける米生産の効率性と持続的稲作農業に関する研究

Le, Canh Bich Tho 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23964号 / 農博第2513号 / 新制||農||1093(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5399(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 梅津 千恵子, 教授 浅見 淳之, 准教授 三谷 羊平 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
28

Suivi des surfaces rizicoles par télédétection radar / Rice monitoring using radar remote sensing

Phan, Thi Hoa 03 December 2018 (has links)
Le riz est la principale denrée de plus de la moitié de la population mondiale et joue un rôle particulièrement important dans l'économie mondiale, la sécurité alimentaire, la consommation d'eau, et le changement climatique. L'objectif de cette thèse consistait à développer des méthodes pour le suivi du riz basées sur des données Sentinel-1 ainsi qu'a utiliser les produits de cartographie obtenus dans diverses applications portant sur la sécurité alimentaire et l'environnement mondial. Plus spécifiquement, l'étude a pour but de fournir des outils pour observer la culture du riz, en produisant la cartographie des surfaces cultivées, celle des stades phénologiques de la plante comprenant le début de la saison, celle des deux principales catégories de variétés de riz à cycle court et cycle long, la hauteur de la plante, et la carte annuelle du nombre de récoltes de riz par an. Ces informations sont nécessaires à l'estimation de la production du riz, et à la gestion des cultures à l'échelle régionale. Nous étudions aussi l'intégration des produits ainsi développés dans un modèle de processus destinés à estimer le rendement du riz, et un modèle permettant la dérivation de l'émission du méthane et le volume d'eau nécessaire à la culture. La région test est l'une des régions rizicoles majeures à l'échelle mondiale, qui est le Delta du Mékong, au Vietnam. Cette région est caractérisée par une grande diversité de pratiques agricoles, du nombre de cultures du riz par an, et dans les calendriers des récoltes. La première phase du travail est la compréhension de la variation temporelle des valeurs de rétrodiffusion radar de Sentinel-1, en polarisation VH et VV. Pour cela, des données de terrain ont été collectées sur 60 champs, sur 5 saisons de riz pendant 2 ans. Les variations temporelles des mesures radar ont été interprétées en fonction de la croissance des plantes le long des stades phénologiques. Les mêmes courbes caractéristiques observées lors des 5 saisons ont suggéré l'utilisation d'une courbe 'type' dans le développement des méthodes pour fournir les produits requis. Les résultats obtenus sur le Delta du Mékong ont été validés à l'aide des données terrain de référence, et sont très satisfaisants : 98% de précision pour la carte riz/non riz, une RMSE de 4 jours pour la date de semis, une RMSE de 0.78 cm pour la hauteur de plante, 91,7% de précision pour la distinction entre deux types de riz (cycle court et cycle long), et 98% de précision sur l'estimation du stade phénologique. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'utilisation de ces produits issus de données Sentinel-1 dans le modèle ORYZA2000 destiné à estimer le rendement du riz, et dans le modèle DNDC destiné à estimer le volume d'eau nécessaire à la culture, ainsi que l'émission de méthane par les rizières. Les résultats, préliminaires, montrent le bon potentiel de l'approche pour fournir le rendement, le bilan d'eau, et les taux d'émission de méthane sur les champs de riz considérés. Cette approche permettrait de faire des analyses de sensibilité, par exemple pour optimiser la gestion d'irrigation afin de réduire la consommation d'eau et l'émission de méthane, tout en préservant le rendement du riz. Ces travaux, qui démontrent le potentiel des données Sentinel-1 pour le suivi du riz à large échelle, seront à compléter afin de réaliser des applications effectives opérationnelles. Il s'agira de renforcer les méthodes et de les tester sur différents systèmes rizicoles, et de poursuive l'étude sur l'intégration de ces produits de télédétection dans les modèles permettant d'évaluer la productivité, les besoins en eau et les émissions des gaz à effet de serre des rizières. / Rice is the primary staple food of more than half of world’s population and plays an especially important role in global economy, food security, water use and climate change. The objective of this thesis was to develop methods for rice monitoring based on Sentinel-1 data and to effectively use the mapping products in various applications concerning food security and global environment. Specifically, the study aims at providing tools for observation of the rice cultivation systems, by generating products such as map of rice planted area, map of rice start-of-season and phenological stages, and map of rice crop intensity, together with rice crop parameters such as category of rice varieties (long or short cycle), and plant height. The information to be provided is necessary for the estimation of crop production, and for the management of rice ecosystems at the regional scale. We also investigated on how the products derived from EO Sentinel-1 data can be integrated in process-based models for rice production estimation and methane emission estimation. The test region is one of the world’s major rice regions: the Mekong River Delta, in Vietnam. This region presents a diversity in rice cultivation practices, in cropping density, from single to triple crop a year, and in crop calendar. The first step was to understand the temporal variation of the backscatter Sentinel-1 backscatter of rice fields, at VH and VV polarizations. For this purpose, in-situ data have been collected on 60 fields during 2 years, for the 5 rice seasons. It was found that backscatter time series of rice fields show very specific temporal behavior, with respect to other land use land cover types. The temporal and polarization variations of the rice backscatter have been interpreted with respect to physical interaction mechanisms to relate the backscatter dynamics to the key phenological stages, when the plants change its morphology and biomass. Because the same trend of temporal curves was observed over 5 rice seasons, it was possible to derive a mean curve to be used in the methodology developed for detecting rice phenology, and deriving information such as the date of sowing, the rice varieties of long and short duration cycle, or plant height, at each SAR acquisition date. The methods have been developed and applied to the Mekong delta. Products validation provides a good agreement with the reference data sets: 98% in rice/non-rice accuracy, the sowing dates RMSE of about 4 days, plant height RMSE of 7.8 cm, the long/short variety map has 91.7% accuracy and for phenology, only one season has been processed with good detection rate of 59/60. Finally, the use of the rice monitoring products as inputs in two process-based models was assessed. The models are ORYZA2000 for rice production estimation and DNDC for methane emission and water demand estimation. Sentinel-1 data retrieved information (sowing date, phenology, long/short variety, plant height) were used as model inputs, giving good agreement with the results making use of ground survey only. Based on the two process models with inputs from Sentinel-1 data, it was possible to have an integrated result on rice yield, water use, and methane emissions. The preliminary results show a good potential for the optimization of water management in rice fields in order to reduce water use and GHG emission, without reducing the yield. To achieve the objective which is the effective use of Sentinel-1 data for rice monitoring for food security and global environment, more works need to be done concerning the consolidation of the rice monitoring method development and the integration of Sentinel-1 derived information in models aiming at estimating and predicting rice production, methane emission and water use
29

L'arsenic dans les écosystèmes du sud-est asiatique : Mekong Delta Vietnam / Mechanism of Arsenic release in ecosystems of Southeast Asia delta : Mekong Deltas Vietnam

Phan, Thi Hai Van 05 January 2017 (has links)
On retrouve des contaminations d’aquifèr à l’arsenic dans touts les deltaï de l'Asie du Sud-Est, y compris dans le delta du Mékong, ce qui affecte la santé de millions de personnes. L’arsenic est très sensible aux fluctuations des conditions redox qui sont générés par les cycles alternés humides/secs pendant la saison de mousson. Une étude sur les caractéristiques géophysiques et chimiques du sol et des eaux souterraines dans le district de An Phu, dans le haut du delta du Mékong au Vietnam, suggère une forté contamination à l’As dans cette région. Les données chimiques et géophysiques indiquent une forte corrélation entre concentrations dans les eaux souterraines anoxiques et conductivité des sols. La liberation de l’arsenic est associée à la dissolution réductrice induih par des microorganisms des colloïdes et (oxyhydr)oxydes de fer dans des conditions d'oxydo-réduction oscillantes. La présence de bactéries sulforéductrices a le potentiel de stabiliser l’arsenic dans la phase solide et de l’atténuer dans la phase aqueuse par adsorption / désorption de l’arsenic sur les (oxyhydr)oxydes, et / ou sulfures de fer via la formation de complexes thiols. En raison de la teneur en pyrite élevée dans les sédiments, l'oxydation de la pyrite peut abaisser le pH et conduire à l'inhibition de la réduction microbienne du sulfate et aime empêcher la séquestration de l’arsenic dissous. Bien que le cycle biogéochimique de l’arsenic dans un système dynamique d’oxydoréduction soit une problématique complexe, il a été possible de renforcer notre compréhension de ce système / Aquifer arsenic (As) contamination is occuring throughout deltaic areas of Southeast Asia, including the Mekong Delta, and affects the health of millions of people. As is highly sensitive to fluctuations of redox conditions which are generated by the alternating wet-dry cycles during the monsoonal seasons. A survey of geophysical and chemical characteristics of soil and groundwater in the An Phu district, located in the vicinity of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, shows the occurrence high As aqueous concentration in this region. Chemical and geophysical data indicate a strong positive correlation between As concentrations in the anoxic groundwater and conductivity of soils. In addition, mechanisms of As release are shown to be associated with colloidal and iron (oxyhydr)oxides which undergo microbial mediated reductive dissolution under redox oscilatting conditions. The presence of sulfate microbial reduction potentially stabilizes As in the solid phase and diminish As in the aqueous phase through the adsorption/desorption of As onto iron (oxyhydr)oxides and/ or sulfides with formation of thiols complexes in solid phase. Because of the high pyrite content in sediment, pyrite oxidation may drop in pH values, leads to inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria and reduces sequestration of dissolved As. Although the biogeochemical cycling of redox sensitive species such as As in dynamic systems is challenging, it has been possible to strengthen our collective understanding of such system.
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IMPACTS OF UPSTREAM DAM DEVELOPMENT ON FLOW, SEDIMENT AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN VIETNAMESE MEKONG DELTA / 上流ダム開発がベトナム・メコンデルタにおける流量・土砂および河床変動に及ぼす影響

DOAN, VAN BINH 24 September 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22052号 / 工博第4633号 / 新制||工||1722(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 准教授 Sameh Kantoush, 准教授 竹門 康弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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