CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A prevalÃncia do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) tem aumentado em todo mundo, sobretudo em crianÃas e adolescentes. Objetivou-se investigar a prevalÃncia dos fatores de risco para DM2 em adolescentes de escolas pÃblicas da rede estadual na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Realizou-se, de fevereiro a marÃo/2006, um estudo transversal com 720 sujeitos de ambos os sexos com idades entre 14 e 19 anos, matriculados em doze escolas estaduais. Utilizou-se um formulÃrio para registrar dados de identificaÃÃo, caracterÃsticas sociodemogrÃficas, hÃbitos alimentares, prÃtica de atividade fÃsica e de lazer, alÃm de mensuraÃÃo do peso, altura, glicemia capilar e pressÃo arterial. Os resultados evidenciaram que 59,3% eram meninas, 10,3% tinham sobrepeso, 2,6% obesidade, 75,3% sedentarismo, 91,1% possuÃam renda familiar nÃo superior a 3 salÃrios mÃnimos, 8,3% apresentaram glicemia capilar com valores duvidosos e 42,1% nÃveis de pressÃo arterial elevados. O consumo alimentar de quatro ou mais vezes por semana foi estatisticamente significante em arroz (95,8%; p=0,0001), pÃo (85,8%; p= 0,0001), feijÃo (75%; p= 0,0001) e carne (60,6%; p= 0,0001); alÃm disso, 92,7% faziam de trÃs a seis refeiÃÃes diÃrias. Da amostra que afirmou ter familiares com diabetes, 13,6% mencionaram os pais como portadores da doenÃa diabetes. As mulheres praticavam menos atividade fÃsica do que os homens (p= 0,000) e apresentaram maior percentual de glicemia duvidosa (p=0,004), porÃm tiveram menor nÃmero relativo de pressÃo arterial elevada (p=0,000); em relaÃÃo a sobrepeso/obesidade, nÃo houve associaÃÃo estatisticamente significante com sexo (p=0,840). O sobrepeso foi maior na faixa etÃria de 14-15 anos (11,1%, p=0,003) e a obesidade na de 16-17 anos (3,3%, p=0,003). JÃ o sedentarismo tambÃm foi maior na faixa etÃria de 16-17 anos (80,8%, p=0,049). Conforme observado, a glicemia capilar nÃo esteve associada de forma estatisticamente significante com a idade (p= 0,453%). A associaÃÃo dos fatores de risco para DM2 (excesso de peso, sedentarismo, glicemia capilar e nÃveis pressÃricos elevados) foi mais encontrada em meninas e nas idades de 16-17 anos. / The prevalence of type 2 mellitus diabetes has increased worldwide, mostly in children and adolescents. The objective was investigating the prevalence of risk factors for type 2 mellitus diabetes in adolescents from public state schools in the city of Fortaleza-Ce. From February to March, 2006 a transversal study was carried through with 720 individuals from both genders between the ages of 14 and 19, enrolled in twelve state schools. A form was used to record identification data, socio-demographical features, food habits, physical activity and leisure practice, in addition to the measurement of weight, height, capillary glucose and arterial pressure. Results highlighted that 59.3% were girls, 10.3% were overweight, 2.6% were obese, 75.3% were sedentary, 91.1% had a family income not higher than 3 minimum wages, 8.3% presented capillary glucose with doubtful rates and 42.1% elevated arterial pressure levels. Food consumption of four or more times a week was statistically significant in rice (95.8%; p=0.0001), bread (85.8%; p= 0.0001), beans (75%; p= 0.0001) and meat (60.6%; p= 0.0001); besides that, 92.7% had from three to six meals a day. From the sample stating there was diabetes in the family, 13.6% mentioned the parents as diabetes carriers. Women practiced less physical activity than men (p= 0.000) and presented a higher percentage of doubtful glucose (p=0.004), but they had a smaller relative number of elevated arterial pressure (p=0.000); regarding overweight / obesity there was a statistically significant association with gender (p=0.840). Overweight was higher between the ages of 14 to 15 (11.1%, p=0.003) and obesity between the ages of 16 to 17(3.3%, p=0.003). Whereas sedentariness was also higher between the ages of 16 to 17 (80.8%, p=0.049). As observed, capillary glucose had no association in a statistically significant manner, with age (p= 0.453%). The risk factors association for type 2 mellitus diabetes (overweight, sedentariness, capillary glucose and elevated pressure levels) was mostly found in girls between the ages of 16 to 17.

Introduction: The diploma thesis deals with the issue of compensation of type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and its relation to the health of mother and child. It further summarizes and describes the variable factors that may have a direct effect on current glycemic variability and long- term compensation of diabetes. Aims: The theoretical part describes the characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the possibilities of therapy in pregnancy. Subsequently, factors influencing the compensation of diabetes in this period are summarized and described in more detail, especially food composition and possibilities of influencing postprandial glycemia, effects of type and intensity of physical activity and psychosocial aspects related mainly to stress from potential negative effects of glycaemia on the fetus. At the end of the theoretical part, the risks and complications for the mother and the fetus arising from long-term unsatisfactory compensation of diabetes are presented. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to determine the extent of women's knowledge about the compensation of diabetes in pregnancy, followed by determining the effect of the extent of knowledge on long-term compensation, expressed by glycated hemoglobin. Methods: Data for the diploma thesis were obtained on the...

Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. Its incidence in Europe is continuously rising. The highest T1D risk is associated with HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes. HLA class II molecules play a key role in regulation of immune response. They contribute to the selection of T cell repertoire by presenting antigenic peptides to the CD4+ T lymphocytes. HLA class II expression is controlled by regulatory module that is situated 150 - 300 base pairs upstream of the transcription- initiation site in all HLA class II genes. Polymorphisms in this region are linked to some autoimmune diseases. There were identified several promoter alleles (named QAP) in the HLA DQA1 gene promoter region. Most of the polymorphisms appear to be conserved within haplotype. Individual QAP alleles may have a different promoter strength by which they influence expression of HLA DQA1 gene alleles. Promoter strength can be modulated by DNA methylation. Aims:Our aim was to define methylation profile of HLA DQA1 promoters and determine the mRNA expression of individual alleles of HLA DQA1 gene in T1D patients. The mRNA expression level of HLA DQA1 gene alleles was determined using quantitative PCR. Methods: 30 diabetic pacients (age range 21 to 76 years), were included in this pilot...

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Introduction: Physical activity should be part of our everyday life. However, for people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus it is the most common cause of hypoglycemia. To control diabetes in the right way, it is therefore necessary to follow certain rules and recommendations that help preventing hypoglycemia while the physical activity remains beneficial at the same time. Aim of the work: The main aim of this study is to clarify the influence of physical activity in connection to long-term control of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: 102 respondents with diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the age of 19-69 years participated in a quantitative analysis. This research was conducted in a form of multicentric examination at two independent medical centers. The data collection was done through questionnaires focused on physical activity and daily regime. The data from questionnaires were then compared to the values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), HDL cholesterol and the total daily dose of insulin of certain patients. For statistical evaluation, analytical tools of Microsoft Office program were used (F-test and t-test). Results: We found correlation between HbA1C values in patients physically active for less than 2 hours/week compared to those who are physically active for more than 2 hours/week (62,72...

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / O diabetes mellitus é uma doença crônica atualmente considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Reconhecendo que as estatísticas de mortalidade constituem importante instrumento para a análise das condições de saúde das populações, foi realizado este estudo com o intuito de contribuir com os dados dos indicadores epidemiológicos. Foi investigada a causa básica de morte para estabelecer a magnitude da mortalidade por diabetes mellitus em Manaus-AM no período de 1997 a 2002, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de óbitos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade SIM e a população estimada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE para os respectivos anos do estudo. Foi caracterizada com base em indicadores indiretos a qualidade das informações contidas nas declarações de óbito. As taxas de mortalidade e mortalidade proporcional foram calculadas e analisadas segundo o sexo e a faixa etária de Manaus e do interior. A partir dos dados obtidos, concluiu-se que houve aumento nas proporções de óbitos ocorridos em hospitais, bem como aumentou o número de indivíduos que foram a óbito e receberam acompanhamento médico no período da doença. Destacou-se melhoria no preenchimento da variável exames complementares. As taxas de mortalidade e mortalidade proporcional segundo o sexo apresentaram maior magnitude no sexo feminino tanto da capital como do interior, sendo a relação mulher/homem maior no interior. Os resultados apontaram crescimento com o avançar da idade. / Mellitus diabetes is a chronicle disease, which is currently being considered one of the major public health problems in Brazil. Given that mortality rates are a useful device for analysing the health conditions of populations, the present study was undertaken with the aim of contributing to the data on epidemiological indicators. The basic cause of death was investigated in order to establish the magnitude of the mortality caused by mellitus diabetes in Manaus-AM from 1997 to 2002. Records on death certificates of the Mortality Information System – SIM, and on the number of population estimated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics– IBGE for the respective years of this study, were used as the source for our data. Information found in the death certificates was characterised on the basis of indirect indicators. Mortality and proportional mortality rates were calculated and analysed for Manaus and the interior according to sex and age group. On the basis of the data obtained it was concluded that there was an increase on the death rates occurring in the hospitals, as well as on the number of individuals who came to die while undergoing medical follow-up at the time they were being treated. There was a noticeable improvement on the fulfilling of the complementary exam variable. Mortality and proportional mortality rates according to sex presented the highest magnitude in females both in the capital and interior, being the woman/man ratio higher in the interior. Findings point out that the disease grows more severe with the age.

During treatment of diabetes mellitus by immunointervention or transplantation, it is necessary to monitor the markers of immune destruction or rejection of surviving insulin producing cells. An aim of this thesis is to improve the possibilities of following autoimmunity and to detect the survival of transplanted pancreatic islet in vivo. Partial aims included vitality testing of isolated islets for transplantation by measurement of respiration activity, observing the process of in vitro labeling of isolated islets with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent for subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of islets and observing SPIO particles transport after transplantation. We also studied a new dual paramagnetic contrast agent combined with fluorescein intended for identification of the MRI contrast agent in samples for histology. Further, we assessed autoimmune reaction by evaluation of cytokine response to specific stimulation with auto-antigens. We tried to affect beta-cells destruction by polyclonal anti- thymocyte antibodies in a mouse experimental model. A new method of the islet respiration measurement correlated with other methods of islet quality testing and it was suggested as a diagnostic test before clinical transplantation. Results obtained studying the intercellular...

During treatment of diabetes mellitus by immunointervention or transplantation, it is necessary to monitor the markers of immune destruction or rejection of surviving insulin producing cells. An aim of this thesis is to improve the possibilities of following autoimmunity and to detect the survival of transplanted pancreatic islet in vivo. Partial aims included vitality testing of isolated islets for transplantation by measurement of respiration activity, observing the process of in vitro labeling of isolated islets with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent for subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of islets and observing SPIO particles transport after transplantation. We also studied a new dual paramagnetic contrast agent combined with fluorescein intended for identification of the MRI contrast agent in samples for histology. Further, we assessed autoimmune reaction by evaluation of cytokine response to specific stimulation with auto-antigens. We tried to affect beta-cells destruction by polyclonal anti- thymocyte antibodies in a mouse experimental model. A new method of the islet respiration measurement correlated with other methods of islet quality testing and it was suggested as a diagnostic test before clinical transplantation. Results obtained studying the intercellular...

The diploma thesis deals with the attitude of parents and teachers of pupils with chronic diseases in the attenuation of compulsory school attendance at the 1st stage of ordinary primary school. The objective of the work is to identify the problems that parents and teachers of chronically ill students encounter during the educational process. From this basis, the purpose is also to find the basis for the best possible cooperation between parents and teachers. The theoretical idea is represented by individual chronic diseases, namely asthma, cystic fibrosis, pediatric oncological diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy. In addition, the legislative framework for the education of pupils with these diseases, the methodology of working with pupils with chronic diseases and a search of domestic and foreign research conducted on a similar topic are addressed. The methodological part is devoted to qualitative research, the main goal of which is to find out the attitudes of teachers and parents to the educational process of pupils suffering from the above diseases. Using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured interview, it is ascertained what are the attitudes of parents and teachers towards the education of pupils with the above-mentioned types of chronic diseases in ordinary primary school....