Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1928. / Vita. Published also as the Johns Hopkins university studies in education. Bibliography: p. 79-88.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1928. / Vita. Published also as the Johns Hopkins university studies in education. Bibliography: p. 79-88.

This thesis investigates urban development and locational memory in New York and Los Angeles during the mid to late twentieth century, as represented both materially in the landscape of the city and textually in fiction and memoir. I begin my study in Raymond Chandler’s Los Angeles, where paved gardens and concretised river beds lie beneath the gridded urban landscape which hides the past and dislocates memory from what is visible in urban space. Next, through my analysis of Marshall Berman’s reflections on his childhood in the Bronx, I paint a picture of New York during the 1950s, during which the proposals of urban planner and master builder Robert Moses were put to work, dismantling many of the city’s pre-existing urban structures and its institutional memory. Subsequently I move to Los Angeles in the late 1960s, analysing two works of fiction by Joan Didion and Alison Lurie. In this chapter I explore California’s spatial and temporal indeterminacy. From imagined to remembered space, I next examine Didion’s family memoirs and personal essays in addition to D. J. Waldie’s reminiscences. I find that despite attempts to cultivate one’s personal history in textual form, a sense of loss is what is long remembered and hard to control. My thesis comes to a close with L. J. Davis and Paula Fox in the early 1970s when there was a new form of change afoot in the built environment in the form of gentrification. In the fragmented, automobile-dominated Los Angeles; in the dislocated Bronx; in California where the past seems to melt into air; and in brownstone Brooklyn, I show that the experience of what Sigmund Freud deems “the uncanny” is rife, appearing in the cracks between the absent and the present, the invisible and the visible, memory and history. The fissures and gaps in the narratives of each author reflect the various processes and consequences of the imposition of twentieth-century modernism in particular urban spaces during this period.

According to Pierre Nora, “[m]emory and history, far from being synonymous, appear now to be in fundamental opposition”. Drawing on theories of memory and psychoanalysis, my thesis examines the role of memory as a narrative of the past in late twentieth-century and twenty-first-century Scottish literature. I challenge Nora’s supposition that memory and history are fundamentally opposed and I argue that modern Scottish literature uses a variety of forms of memory to interrogate traditional forms of history. In my Introduction, I set the paradigms for my investigation of memory. I examine the perceived paradox in Scottish literature between memory and history as appropriate ways to depict the past. Tracing the origins of this debate to the work of Walter Scott, I argue that he sets the precedent for writers of modernity, where the concerns are amplified in late twentieth and twenty-first century literature and criticism. While literary criticism, such as the work of Cairns Craig and Eleanor Bell, studies the trope of history, Scottish fiction, such as the writing of Alasdair Gray, James Robertson, and John Burnside, asserts the position of memory as a useful way of studying the past. Chapter One examines the transmission of memory. Using George Mackay Brown’s Greenvoe, I consider the implications of three methods of transferring memory. Mrs McKee’s refusal to disclose her experience indicates a refusal to mourn loss and to transmit memory. Skarf’s revision of historical narratives indicates a desire to share experience. The Mystery of the Ancient Horsemen demonstrates the use of ritual in the preservation and the communication of the past for future generations. Chapter Two studies the Gothic fiction of Emma Tennant and Elspeth Barker. I examine sensory experience as indicative of the interior and non-linear structure of memory. I argue that the refusal to accept personal and familial loss reveals problematic forms of memory. Chapter Three traces unacknowledged memory in Alice Thompson’s Pharos. I use Nicolas Abraham’s theory of the transgenerational phantom to consider the effects of this undisclosed memory. I argue that the past and its deliberate suppression haunt future generations. Chapter Four considers the use of nostalgia as a form of memory. I investigate the perceptions and definitions of nostalgia, particularly its use as a representation of the Scottish national past. Using Neil Gunn’s Highland River, I identify nostalgia’s diverse functions. I examine nostalgia as a way in which, through the Scottish diaspora, memory is transferred and exhibited beyond national boundaries. Chapter Five builds on the previous chapter and extends the analysis of the ways nostalgia functions. I study nostalgia’s manifestations in the diasporic Scottish-Canadian literature of Sara Jeanette Duncan, John Buchan, Eric McCormack, and Alastair MacLeod.

This thesis investigates the problem of historical representation in the context of the contemporary turns to trauma and memory visible in cultural theory and in wider popular culture and contemporaneous with post-Cold war ‘end of history’ discourse. Rather than apply the theories of trauma to readings of contemporary texts, the present study proposes that trauma theory be seen as part of the wider cultural tendency towards memorialization, characterized by a privileging of the notion of witnessing, an emphasis on the punctuality of the traumatic moment, and the fetishization of the historical trace. This thesis argues that what unites these various features of memorial culture is a notion of history that emphasises both the impossibility of comprehension and representation and yet a sense of proximity to a literal past through the traces that remain. If postmodernism designates a ‘crisis of historicity’ which delegitimizes the authority of representations of history, to think history through the prisms of memory and trauma reasserts a notion of historical truth, albeit relocated in the traumatic memory of the survivor, in the ethical imperative to bear witness, or in an aesthetics of the aporia. The parallel discourses of history as trauma and history as memory conflate the problems of historical representation with problems of historical witnessing, and in doing so conceptualize a notion of an historical event with no actor, proposing instead a passive subject without agency and thus without politics. The thesis is organized through close readings of four key texts, each of which can be read to be in dialogue with wider memorial culture, but which also problematize the orthodoxies of contemporary trauma theory in its application to the literary text—Ian McEwan’s Atonement, Robert Harris’s Fatherland, Philip Roth’s Operation Shylock and Aleksandar Hemon’s The Lazarus Project. Focusing on notions of witnessing, testimony, traumatic memory and the trace, and drawing on the work of Slavoj Žižek and Jacques Rancière, this thesis sets out to resist the theoretical creep that would see all history as trauma and all text as testimony, and instead reasserts the necessary role of fiction and the imagination in constructing a relationship to the past.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-176). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Life in the present is never only about the present, but notably also about the past and the future. In this study the problematic of the representation of the past is addressed in search of a responsible historical hermeneutic. It is argued that historical hermeneutics is about the past, the present and the future, and, above all, the relation that exists between them. Historical hermeneutics facilitates our understanding of the past from our position in the present and creates meaningful ways in which we may anticipate the future. In this study I aim to contribute to the development of responsible historical hermeneutic for church and theology, especially in South Africa. To do so, I engage with the magisterial work of the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur, Mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli who, I believe, proposes valuable signposts for us to reckon with on our way to a responsible historical hermeneutic. A general introduction is given to theological historiography and the development thereof in South Africa, pointing towards reasons why it is important for responsible historical hermeneutics to exist. The work of Paul Ricoeur is introduced as a valuable partner to dialogue with in this respect. A brief intellectual biography is given regarding Ricoeur’s work in order to indicate where and how his last work fits into and forms a part of his life’s work. The third chapter of the study is an outline and discussion of Ricoeur’s work, Memory, History, Forgetting. The discussion follows the order of Ricoeur’s work itself, and I try to indicate the main lines in Ricoeur’s argument, yet giving credit to him for the thorough way in which he deals with the respective themes by engaging the disciplines of philosophy, history, sociology, neurosciences etc. Subsequently I propose certain themes from Ricoeur’s work that is important for the church historian and historical theologian as signposts towards an adequate historiographical methodology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lewe in die hede het nie net met die hede te make nie, maar op ‘n besondere manier ook met die verlede en die toekoms. In hierdie studie word die problematiek van die representasie van die verlede aangespreek in ‘n poging om verantwoordelike historiese hermeneutiek te bevorder. Die argument word gevoer dat historiese hermeneutiek te make het met die verlede, die hede, en die toekoms, en bowenal die verhouding waarin dit met mekaar staan. Historiese hermeneutiek fasiliteer ons verstaan van die verlede vanuit ons posisie in die hede en skep betekenisvolle maniere waarop die toekoms geantisipeer kan word. Die studie het ten doel om by te dra tot die ontwikkeling van verantwoordelike historiese hermeneutiek vir die kerk en vir teologie, veral in Suid-Afrika. Met hierdie doel voor oë, word die grootse werk van die Franse filosoof Paul Ricoeur, Mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli, bestudeer. Die bruikbare bakens op weg na verantwoordelike historiese hermeneutiek wat Ricoeur voorstel, word uitgewys. ‘n Algemene inleiding tot teologiese historiografie en die ontwikkeling daarvan in Suid-Afrika word gegee, en die belangrikheid van verantwoordelike historiese hermeneutiek sodoende uitgewys. Die werk van Paul Ricoeur word daarna ingelei as ‘n waardevolle bron in hierdie gesprek. ‘n Opsommende intellektuele biografie van Ricoeur se werk word gegee om aan te dui waar en hoe Ricoeur se laaste werke aansluit by sy ander werke. Die derde hoofstuk van die studie is ‘n uiteensetting en bespreking van Ricoeur se werk, Mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli. Die bespreking volg die verloop van Ricoeur se werk self, en daar word gepoog om die belangrikste lyne van Ricoeur se argument uit te lig. Terselfdertyd word erkenning gegee aan Ricoeur vir die deeglikheid waarmee hy met ‘n wye verskeidenheid temas en dissiplines omgaan: filosofie, geskiedenis, sosiologie, neurowetenskappe, ens. Ten slotte word sekere temas van Ricoeur se werk uitgelig wat belangrik is vir die kerkgeskiedkundige en die historiese teoloog as bakens op weg na ‘n voldoende historiografiese metodologie.

Orientador: Omar Ribeiro Thomaz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T18:49:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salvi_ValentinaIsolda_D.pdf: 1013976 bytes, checksum: d51bdfacc05fd984a4b65028a8e26300 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese propõe-se a abordar a memória militar sobre a repressão na Argentina, mais especificamente, a memória do exército, buscando reconhecer as diferenças entre a memória oficial da instituição, as memórias dos oficiais reformados que participaram no Operativo Independencia e a memória dos setores civis/militares, assim como assinalar as posições relativas e conflitos que atravessam e conformam essa comunidade de memória. O objetivo geral é, pois, identificar quais e como são não só os sentidos e representações que tanto o exército quanto os oficiais reformados atualizam e elaboram para evocar e justificar a assim chamada ¿luta contra a subversão¿, mas também as práticas comemorativas que encenam junto às famílias e às organizações cívico/militares para homenagear os oficiais ¿mortos pela subversão¿. A memória castrense sobre a repressão responde tanto à continuidade de uma matriz narrativa sobre o passado recente, que reforça a autovaloração do exército como uma comunidade moral diferenciada da sociedade civil, quanto às transformações e inovações que vão permitindo à instituição e a seus homens posicionar-se frente ao fortalecimento da memória dos desaparecidos e ao discurso dos organismos de Direitos Humanos. Por isso, o interrogante primordial que anima esta tese é como se articulam mudança e continuidade na memória de uma instituição ¿ e dos oficiais que foram contemporâneos dos fatos- para os quais o passado é uma fonte de legitimidade e identidade, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, são energicamente questionados por uma sociedade que lhes exige respostas pelos crimes cometidos. Atender às continuidades e rupturas da memória do exército permitirá, por sua vez, dar conta de sua dimensão de futuro e, assim, determinar as tendências à elaboração (atravessamento) ou à atuação (repetição compulsiva) dos sentidos de um passado autoritário e violento que tem o exército e seus homens como um de seus principais responsáveis. Daí que esta tese propõe-se também, por um lado, a examinar em que medida, para a comunidade militar, lembrar implica também assumir ou evadir as responsabilidades morais, jurídicas e políticas sobre o desaparecimento de pessoas, e, por outro lado, compreender como se articulam os argumentos justificatórios e as estratégias políticas com as quais se busca controlar e vigiar a transmissão de sentidos sobre a ¿luta contra a subversão¿ às novas gerações. Por último, esta tese propõe-se a indagar como a ¿luta contra a subversão¿, enquanto prática e discurso, incide ao mesmo tempo em que se reapropria das significações morais dos oficiais do exército e da doutrina e práticas castrenses, assim como de seus valores, tradições e sentimentos. Para isso, busca investigar as relações entre moralidade, memória e identidade, prestando principal atenção àquilo que une os oficiais; àquilo que os obrigou ou convenceu a atuar de um ou outro modo; aos padrões de normalidade que organizam sua sociabilidade; àquilo que permitem ou proíbem, implícita ou explicitamente, seus códigos comuns; aos critérios de bem e de mal que detentam, enfim, os sentidos e práticas que estimulam e justificam a violência / Abstract: The aims of this thesis is to analyze the memory of military personel regarding illegal repression in Argentina, focusing on army¿s memory. More specifically, it attempts to recognize differences among the official memory of the army as institution, the memory of former staff from Operativo Independencia and the memory of the civil sector close to the army, highlighting their relative positions and the conflicts that underlay and inform this community of memory. The general objective is to identify the meanings and representations that, on the one hand: army and former officials produce and actualize in order to evoke and justify the so-called ¿fight against subversion¿. And on the other hand, the commemorative practices stage on by relatives of army staff, and civil organizations which supported them (such as NGO¿s), in order to pay tribute to the ¿deaths by subversion¿. The memory of repression of the army reproduces a narrative matrix on the recent past which tends to reinforce the self-perception of the army institution as a moral community isolated from civil society. But also, this memory highlights the transformations and innovations that allow the institution of the army and its personnel to take position against the increasingly stronger discourse of human rights's NGOs and the memory of relatives of disappeared people. Therefore, the main question of this thesis is how change and continuity is articulated within the memory of a institution ¿ and in the memory of the officials that have participated in the repression ¿ for whom the past is either a source of legitimacy and identity. But for whom, at the same time, this past history implies a strong criticism from public society and a demand of justice. To notice the continuities and rupture of army's memory will allow us to take account of the dimensions of future, and therefore, to determine the tendencies to elaboration () or acting (compulsive repetition) of the meanings built on a violent and authoritarian past, from which the army is one of the main responsible. In this sense, this thesis also propose on the one hand: to analyze to what extend the act of remembering for the military community implies also to assume or to evade moral, juridical, and political responsibilities over the disappearance of people. And, on the other hand to understand how are articulated different vindicative arguments and political strategies in order to control the transmission of meanings over ¿the fight against subversion¿ towards new generations. Lastly, this thesis argues that ¿the fight against subversion¿ as discourse and practice affects and gains over the moral sense of the army practices and doctrine, but also of it values, traditions and feelings. Therefore, we try to research the relations between morality, memory and identity, identifying and describing: those relations which link the army officials, those which compels or convince then to act in some way or another, the framework of normality that organizes its sociability, the internal codes of behaviour that explicitly of implicitly allow or forbid some actions, their judgement of good and evil, and the meanings and practices that encourage and justify violence / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Le mouvement des aarch en 2001, en Grande Kabylie, constitue le plus important mouvement sociopolitique algérien depuis l’Indépendance. Il s’insère dans l’opposition berbériste, qui naît et s’organise en avril 1980 sur les bases d’une contestation identitaire qui attaque les fondements de la nation algérienne, constituée autour de l’arabe et de l’Islam. Les aarch s’organisent autour d’une revivification des organisations tribales villageoises, et de leurs comités de gestion locaux afin de transformer les violences qui font suite aux nombreuses manifestations en revendication politique. L’ouverture économique aux standards néolibéraux mondiaux voit des revendications socio-Économiques et psycho-Sociales.Les aarch mobilisent sur des critères mémoriels en investissant la dite tribu d’une fonction mémorielle importante. La guerre de Libération nationale, acte fondateur de l’État nation algérien, est aussi contestée en proposant une écriture nouvelle de ce conflit colonial en redéfinissant les légitimités politiques qui en découlent. Acteurs et mémoires oubliées, censurées, ressurgissent sur la scène politique afin de légitimer un combat contemporain qui crée des filiations idéologiques avec la guerre d’Indépendance. Cette réécriture de l’histoire dépasse le cadre récent de l’histoire de l’Algérie indépendante en cherchant, et/ou créant, des sources anciennes d’une Kabylie qui existerait avant la nation indépendante. Pour cela, la ville de Tizi Ouzou, jusque-Là rejetée de l’imaginaire socio-Politique berbériste joue les protagonistes dans ce nouveau conflit. Travaillée dans son histoire, sa sociologie, la ville subsume les dynamiques à l’œuvre d’un renouveau berbériste. / The 2001 aarch movement in the Grande Kabylie region has been the most important Algerian sociopolitical movement since the independence. It is part of the Berberist opposition movement that started to organize itself in April 1980. Based on identity, Berberist dissent challenges the very foundations of an Algerian nation that developed with the Arabic language and Islam. The aarch organization focuses on the revitalization of village tribal structures, as well as local and town management councils, in order to convert the violence that followed many protests into political claims.With the economic opening to global neo-Liberal standards, Berberist contestation has come to involve socio-Economical and socio-Psychological demands.Besides, the aarch mobilization appeals to memory-Based criteria, assigning a crucial function for memory to the said tribe. The national Liberation War, founding act of the national Algerian State, is also disputed and a new narrative describing this colonial conflict is put forward. Forgotten or silenced memories and stakeholders surface in the political arena in order to legitimize a contemporary struggle, creating ideological, rhetorical and political filiation with the Independence war. This rewriting of history stretches beyond the limits of modern independent Algeria history, researching and/or creating ancient roots of a Kabylie that pre-Existed the independent nation. The city of Tizi Ouzou, until then rejected from Berberist socio-Political psyche, has become a protagonist of the new conflict for this very purpose. Its history and sociology being reshaped, the city subsumes the acting dynamics of a Berberist renewal.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Computing, 2009. / Bibliography: p. [265]-280.