This thesis deals with the development of defense mechanisms of children in younger school age. The theoretical part discusses the history and development of the concept of defense mechanisms, provides an overview of the diagnostic methods, which are useful to identify defense mechanisms in children and reports on the current state of research of defense mechanisms and their development in children and adolescents. At the end of the theoretical part, the concepts of "defense" based mostly on gestalt psychotherapy perspective are discussed. In the practical part, the children of the research group in younger school age were tested with The Fairy Tale Test and The Thematic Apperception Test. The results are discussed with regard to age, sex, inteligence and also considering the results of other research methods. Data based on psychoanalytical concepts are compared with results of the questionnaire based on gestalt psychoterapy theories of contact cycle and contact styles. Two parents (or the closest adults) evaluated their children by the questionnaire and inventory of typical contact styles. The results suggest the existence of certain connections, these research methods also complement each other and serves together as more comprehensive view of the child's personality, a way of its interacting...

The work deals with the cooperation of pupils among first and second grade pupils in a primary school. It analyzes to which extent are second grade pupils able to give their knowledge to pupils of the first grade. Then it shows how the learning style and the personality affects the cooperation of an individual within the group. The practical part proofs the long-term investigation in one class that was systematically prepared for the cooperation among older and younger pupils. The results of this research in the observed class evaluate higher level of cooperative and communication skills of individual pupils than those, who previously did not deal with cooperation. Teaching pupils how to cooperate gradually developed their relationship not only to younger classmates, but to the willingness to help each other, to respect the opinions of others and it also strengthened the relationships in the observed classroom. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The study was a randomized clinical tria! involving two cohorts (12 and 18 months) of nutritionally at risk Jndonesian children and three types of supplementary feeding: high energy and micronutrients; skimmed milk and micronutrients; and skimmed milk. The hypothesis of the study was that high energy and micronutrient supplements given early to children could delay on physical growing and mental development. The results showed that a combined energy and micronutrient supplement given for ayear to the 12-month-old children had wide range beneficia! effects. The same supplement given to the 18-month-old had only a modest effect. This suggests that if such an intervention is to he effective it needs to begin early in life. / El estudio fue un ensayo clínico aleatorio en el que participaron dos cohortes de niños (12 y 18 meses) indonesios en riesgo nutricional; hubo tres suplementos dietéticos: energía alta y micronutrientes; leche descremada y micronutrientes; y leche descremada. Se puso a prueba la hipótesis de que un suplemento de energía y micronutrientes administrado tempranamente, previene el retardo en el crecimiento físico y el desarrollo mental. Se obtuvo que el efecto de la suplementación con energía y micronutrientes en los bebés de 12 meses fue superior al efecto producido por la suplementación con micronutrientes y leche descremada. Los efectos en el grupo que comenzó a los 18 meses fueron menores. Hubo una interacción entre los efectos. Los resultados sugieren que este tipo de intervención en niños desnutridos debe iniciarse durante el primer año de vida.

This study aimed at exploring the developmental profile of HIV positive/AIDS infants and children (three to 35 months) over a period of 11 months in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, utilising the Revised Extended Griffiths Scales of Mental Development (GSMD). The purpose was to generate information about the development of HIV positive/AIDS infants and children, highlighting developmental strengths and weaknesses to ultimately aid the custodians of these children with their interventions. A non-probability purposive sampling method was applied, and a longitudinal profile was generated as participants were assessed twice. Participants were all outpatients at Kwazakhele Day Clinic, Dora Nginza and Livingstone Hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, and were located for the study through their caregiver’s attendance of an HIV support groups at the Dora Nginza Hospital. Data was analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and Hotelings-T² tests. Results indicated a significant difference between first and second assessment on the General Quotient and on two of the six subscales, namely Eye-Hand Co-ordination (D) and Practical Reasoning (F). It was deduced that development declined or did not improve as participants aged.

The diploma thesis entitled "The Benefits and limitations of the Cochem model from the point of view of an OSPOD employee" deals with families undergoing adjustment of relations on one hand and with professionals who work with such families on the other. The diploma thesis aims to thoroughly describe the Cochem model, so that the results may be as useful as possible, especially for social workers working at OSPOD, but also for other professionals, who interact with the family during the situation adjustment process. This content can also serve as an informative basis for parents of minor children, who are currently going through a separation / divorce. The purpose of the master's thesis is to find out how OSPOD social workers in selected urban areas of Prague perceive the use of the Cochem model, whether and how they work with it. The aim of the research is to be inspired by knowledge from good practice and to shed light on the bad experiences of social workers.

The diploma thesis "A journey of a child from own family to a foster family - Substitute family care in the Czech republic" deals with the problematics of substitute family care focusing on foster family care. Institutional education is being taken into account as well, since it represents one of the possibilities of a child's placement out of own family. Because it is a priority and for the good of a child to grow up in a family environment, institutional education should be used only as the last possible solution. The Czech republic has been often criticised for having too high amount of children growing up in institutions and for infringing the rights arising from the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this context foster family care and possible establishment of professional foster family care has currently been discussed in the Czech republic. Even the nowaday's system of foster family care is not spared from criticism. The solution for this system of care for children without family background inheres in establishment of professional foster family care which allows children, who cannot grow up in their bilogical families and who are not (for legal or actual reasons) suitable for adoption, to grow up in family environment. Attention is payed to experiences from foreign countries with a special...