Pour élargir le domaine fréquentiel d’analyse vibroacoustique des méthodes éléments finis et de la SEA (Statistical Energy Analysis), la Méthode Énergétique Simplifiée MES utilisant des variables quadratiques permet de considérer aussi bien les moyennes que les hautes fréquences. Cette méthode est basée sur une analyse des ondes propagatives vibratoires et acoustiques. Dans ce travail, la formulation inverse de la MES est proposée. A partir d’un vecteur de densité d’énergie et intensité vibroacoustique données, la formulation MES inverse permet de remonter aux sources. Elle permet d’identifier les sources de vibration dans des systèmes bidimensionnels (plaque excitée en flexion,...) et les sources acoustiques dans des systèmes tridimensionnels (cavité acoustique excitée,...). La formulation MES inverse est numériquement validée dans plusieurs cas de figures. Une analyse paramétrique est effectuée afin de tester la robustesse et l’efficacité de cette approche. Par exemple, la sensibilité avec les données d’entrée ou à la nature des sources envisagées est traitée.Une comparaison entre les résultats numériques obtenus par la MES et ceux obtenus par la SEA est abordée permettant de présenter les avantages de la MES au niveau de l’identification des sources. Une application industrielle de la MES inverse est réalisée dans le cadre de ce travail. Elle montre la fiabilité de la méthode pour le cas d’une cabine excitée par un bruit blanc. Finalement, la MES est utilisée pour réduire les nuisances sonores détectées dans les cabines. Un programme d’optimisation est développé permettant de trouver la meilleure répartition des absorbants et de définir leurs caractéristiques. / To widen the frequency domain of vibroacoustic analysis of finite elements methods and the SEA (Statistical Energy Analysis), Simplified Energy Method MES (french abbreviation) using quadratic variables can cover as well medium as high frequencies. This method is based on an analysis of the vibratory and acoustic propagative waves. In this work, Inverse MES formulation is proposed. From a vector of energy density and vibroacoustic intensity data, inverse MES formulation can raise sources. It makes it possible to identify vibration sources in two-dimensional systems (excited plate in inflection...) and acoustic sources in three-dimensional systems (excited acoustic cavity...). Inverse MES formulation is numerically validated in several cases. A parametric analysis is carried out in order to test the robustness and the effectiveness of this approach. For example, the sensitivity with the data input or with nature of considered sources is treated. A comparison between numerical results founded by MES and those founded by SEA are discussed to present MES advantages at identifying sources. An industrial application ofthe inverse formulation of the method is carried out within the framework of this work. It shows its reliability in the case of a cabin excited by a white noise. Finally, MES shows its utility to reduce harmful sound detected in cabins. An optimization program is developed making it possible to find the best distribution of the poroelastic layers and to define their characteristics.

The thesis focuses on the analysis of the processing informational system MES Hydra used by automotive company Jopp Automotive s. r. o.. Since the company does not use full potential of the described system, emphasis will be placed especially on the modules involved in the production process. The analysis will be carried out by user's perspective and also the actual implementation and suggestions about possible improving of user´s interface or potential application of additional options of the system will be considered. The integral part of the thesis are production schemes, on that facts and ideas for process optimalization controlled by the system will be discussed.

To compete in the global market, organisations have to ensure that their production is synchronised with their other business activities. To achieve this, companies deploy a variety of solutions known as Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). These systems provide the bridge between control and business systems and are used by a variety of people across many business functions. Typical users range from production and maintenance personnel to engineers, finance and management. Sectors within the manufacturing industry have their own definitions of MES and these are based on their functional requirements and by the offerings of vendors in that sector. Thus, people differ in their understanding and definition of MES. To ensure common understanding of what functionalities or modules constitute MES, the Manufacturing Execution Systems Association (MESA) has defined MES to cover the following eleven areas: Resource Allocation and Status Operations/Detail Scheduling Dispatching Production Units Document Control Data Collection/Acquisition Labour Management Quality Management Process Management Maintenance Management Product Tracking and Genealogy Performance Analysis On examining the Manufacturing Execution Systems literature, it was realised that functionalities and definitions exist but a standard approach and implementation methodology is lacking. Thus, a framework was developed based on a literature study as well as from experience within the MES environment. To ensure that the framework meets the needs of organisations, two questionnaires were developed and sent to people from various functions within large South African companies (and across divisions). The results of the empirical study showed that for large organisations, i.e. organisations with over 200 employees and an annual turnover in excess of R 40 million, some form of manufacturing execution systems were used in all the companies surveyed. The most common functionality deployed was Data Collection1Acquisition and the payback on these systems was greater than two years. The respondents highlighted that MES governance and an overall company wide strategy for MES implementation was non-existent or not enforced across the group of companies. The respondents also indicated that the implementation was time consuming and that the projects usually exceeded the allocated budget and/or were late. The respondents were not unanimous on who was accountable for MES within the organisation and a quarter felt that this was unclear within the organisation. When asked about the process that was followed in the selection of a vendor and solution, the majority felt that the process was not well defined. However, respondents noted that change management is used on all major projects and the outcome is generally successful. All the companies outsource either some or all of their IT services and the relationship with the vendor seems successful, as the rating received for MES support was very good. The benefits of implementing Manufacturing Execution Systems are also being realised by those companies that responded to the questionnaires. The overall impression is that over 75% of the respondents feel positive about the benefits and state that the benefits are realised. The only major shortcoming is that information is not being shared across business units and sites as half of the respondents felt that this was not happening in their companies. The proposed MES Engagement and Implementation Framework that was tested with the empirical study was subsequently updated. The framework suggests that all MES implementations should begin with a review of the business and ICT strategy as these would assist when defining the business requirements and the criteria for the selection of the technology, vendor, and solution The business requirements should be ascertained and a realistic business case should be developed. The project team should re-confirm the requirements once a vendor is selected, and, with the necessary change management, implement a portion of the solution as a pilot project. Once successful, then only should the entire solution be rolled out. Another parallel process should consider the outsourcing for the support phase. The entire process of implementing MES is cyclical as new requirements, additional functionality, and benefits tracking results in new projects. In conclusion adopting this framework would result in better implementation and ensure that the benefits are realised for all MES projects and that the solution is adequately supported after implementation. A model for the implementation has also been proposed and it should be developed and tested further to guide MES implementation. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-09T15:05:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisandro J. de Vargas_.pdf: 2133593 bytes, checksum: d88e4cf367950643d13827d22a1c4888 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T15:05:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisandro J. de Vargas_.pdf: 2133593 bytes, checksum: d88e4cf367950643d13827d22a1c4888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Sistemas de informação têm sido introduzidos progressivamente nos ambientes de manufatura. Isso advém da necessidade de captar dados, otimizar processos e gerar informações de maneira eficiente, inclusive em tempo real das operações produtivas, visando facilitar a tomada de decisão de gerentes e analistas. O Manufacturing Execution System (MES), denominado Sistema de Controle da Manufatura, pode auxiliar as empresas a captar dados e gerar informações, identificar e melhorar seus resultados. Entretanto, o simples acesso a um sistema de informação não garante vantagem. Portanto, para obter resultados consistentes é necessário alinhamento a jusante e a montante entre estratégias e táticas às práticas de produção com os sistemas de informação disponíveis no chão-de-fábrica. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa buscou responder ao problema de pesquisa como determinar o foco das funcionalidades que compõem os pilares de um MES para à satisfação dos objetivos estratégicos da manufatura?; sendo o MES representado pelos pilares e suas funcionalidades e estratégia da manufatura representada pelas prioridades de competência da manufatura. O objetivo geral consistiu em elaborar uma modelagem que possa distribuir importâncias entre as funcionalidades que compõem os pilares de um MES para aplicações industrias. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a modelagem qualiquantitativa e as técnicas de coleta de dados foram entrevistas, aplicação da Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) e escala Likert, e grupo focal. A modelagem desenvolvida possibilita identificar um vetor de importância entre funcionalidades e um quadrante entre aplicação e melhoria destes vetores. Com isso, permite que as empresas que possuem ou buscam implantar sistemas MES e aplicadores de sistemas MES possam identificar quais elementos de medição e controle da manufatura mais representam os objetivos estratégicos da manufatura; além de contribuir ao avanço em pesquisas acerca de MES e estratégia da manufatura. Esta modelagem foi aplicada em duas empresas que datam o uso do MES de onze e oito anos, com produto e processos diferentes. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados consistentes e representativos à realidade das empresas. / Information systems have been progressively introduced in manufacturing environments. This is due to the need to capture data, optimize processes and generate information efficiently, including real-time production operations, to facilitate decision-making by managers and analysts. The Manufacturing Execution System (MES), called the Manufacturing Control System, can help companies capture data and generate information, identify and improve their results. However, simple access to an information system does not assure advantage. Therefore, to achieve consistent results, downstream and upstream alignment between strategies and tactics is required for production practices with the information systems available on the factory floor. In this sense, this research sought to answer the research problem how to determine the focus of the features that make up the core functions of a MES for the satisfaction of the strategic objectives of the manufacture; being the MES represented by the core functions and its features and manufacturing strategy represented by the competitive capabilities. The overall objective was to elaborate a model that can distribute importance between the features that make up the core functions of a MES for industrial applications. The research method used was qualitativequantitative modeling and the techniques of data collection were interviews, application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Likert scale, and focus group. The developed model allows identifying a vector of importance between features and a quadrant between application and improvement of these vectors. Thereby, it allows companies that have or are look up to deploy MES systems and MES system applicators to identify which elements of manufacturing measurement and control most represent the strategic objectives of manufacturing; besides contributing to the advancement in research on MES and manufacturing strategy. This model was applied in two companies that date the use of the MES of eleven and eight years, with diferente product and processes. The results obtained were considered consistent and representative to the reality of the companies.

Nos travaux de thèse concernent l’´étude de l’interopérabilité dans un environnement collaboratif et dynamique d’entreprise. Elle est considérée comme un facteur clé de collaboration qui doit être pris en compte tout au long du cycle de vie du produit. Ceci est particulièrement important en ce qui concerne les réseaux d'entreprise collaboratifs, tel que DMN, où un groupe distinct de partenaires est connecté dans un modèle en forme de chaîne et où la coopération est cruciale pour atteindre un objectif spécifique. Ce contexte a fait émerger la nécessité de faire inter-opérer une multitude de systèmes d’information, distribués, autonomes et hétérogènes. Sur la base d'une analyse approfondie des problèmes d'interopérabilité au sein du DMN, ces travaux ont abouti `à une approche générique conceptuelle d’interopérabilité multi-niveaux. Cette approche repose sur le standard ISA95 et l’approche d’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (IDM), notre démarche vise à contribuer à l'amélioration de l'interopérabilité des systèmes d’entreprises au cours de la phase de fabrication du produit dans un DMN collaboratif. En s’intéressant aux trois niveaux d’interopérabilité, cette approche permet de s’assurer que les informations sont physiquement échangées (l'interopérabilité technique), sont comprises (l'interopérabilité sémantique) et sont bien utilisées pour atteindre le but pour lequel elles ont été produites (l'interopérabilité organisationnelle). La qualité et l'efficacité de l'approche proposée ont été confirmées par une application sur un cas concret de collaboration entre ERP et MES dans une usine de fabrication de stylos DEKENZ. / Our thesis work deals with the study of interoperability in a collaborative and dynamic enterprise environment. Interoperability is considered as a key factor for collaboration that must be considered throughout the life cycle of the product. This is particularly important for collaborative enterprise networks, such as DMN, where a group of partners is connected in a chain model and where cooperation is crucial to achieve a specific goal.This context has led to the need for inter-operate a multitude of distributed, autonomous and heterogeneous information systems.Basis on a thorough analysis of the interoperability problems within the DMN, this work proposed a generic conceptual multi-level approach of interoperability. This approach relies on the use of ISA95 standard and Model Driven Engineering (MDE) method. It aims to contribute to the improvement of the interoperability of information systems during the manufacturing phase of the product in a collaborative DMN. By focusing on the three levels of interoperability, this approach ensures that information is physically exchanged (technical interoperability), is understood (semantic interoperability), and is well used to achieve the purpose for which it have been produced (organizational interoperability). The quality and effectiveness of the proposed approach were confirmed by an application on a concrete case of collaboration between ERP and MES in a DEKENZ pen manufacturing plant.

Even though software testing takes more than 40% of the total development cost, especially the massive amount of devoted efforts and resources, software testing is nevertheless the least respectable part in many software projects when comparing to design and development. The challenge becomes bigger as the software becomes more complicated. This has been further compounded by lacking of appropriate attention and suitable resource allocation. As a result, it becomes a global concern and issue on how software testing can be more effective to guard the software quality control. Software testing techniques have evolved for decades and almost reached the maturity level. Why software testing is not successful is mostly related to lacking of enough respect by management. Therefore, creating a software testing institution is necessary to put enough control on the process and to establish a regulation for implementation. This research employs software testing theory standards, institutional theory and control theory to come out with an ideal software testing institution. A case study is used to validate the ideal software testing institution. Software testing theories are to create a software testing process, which can be divided into planning, design and execution phases. Institutional theory is to create a regulation and as a basis for implementation. Control theory is to empower control mechanisms on testing to ensure the progress comply with the final goals. The ideal software testing institution provided by this research is appropriate for joint-development outsourcing project. When both customer and vendor are involved in testing, it¡¦s recommended to define separate test plans with consistent schedule to prevent from resource idle or inconsistency between software and documentation. Since both parties will produce software source code and documentation, it¡¦s also recommended to define the working model and version control rules as a basis for cooperation. Finally, Employing configuration management can avoid unnecessary conflicts and confusion.

A typical steel plant includes iron-making, steel-making and rolling mills from the upstream to the downstream. The rolling mill can be extended and segmented as hot strip mill and cold strip mill in a large scale steel plant. A steel plant contains lots of automation control systems and process information systems to pursuit process efficiency and production optimization. The control systems and information systems are segmented based on physical model in ANSI/ISA-88 standard, and ranged up the enterprise-wide and down to each process. It is impossible to construct only a stand-alone Manufacturing Execution System (MES) to cope with the very complicated Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) environment. An adequate MES should interface information systems in the plant seamlessly, and eliminate the duplicated pattern functions which exist elsewhere. To build up an MES model for a steel plant, it is essential to gather all MES-related structure elements in the information systems as the first step, and conceive additional MES¡¦ structure elements as the second step. The first step makes our approach different from the traditional stand-alone MES system development methodology. In this thesis, the MES is decomposed from the view points of ¡¥Structure View¡¦ and ¡¥Behavior View¡¦ to obtain Structure Elements and Behaviors. The MES can be fully described based on Structure Elements and Behaviors. Our modeling approach defines a ¡¥Steel Plant MES Architecture Description Language¡¦ in the beginning, and fabricates a ¡¥Steel Plant MES Reference Model¡¦ then. ¡¥Steel Plant MES Reference Model¡¦ includes a set of Architecture Hierarchy Diagram, Structure Element Diagram, Structure Element Service Diagram, Structure Element Link Diagram, Structure Behavior Coalescence Diagram, and Sequence Diagram. This reference model has been introduced to set up a companywide integrated MES in a brand new steel plant to validate the model.

To compete in the global market, organisations have to ensure that their production is synchronised with their other business activities. To achieve this, companies deploy a variety of solutions known as Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). These systems provide the bridge between control and business systems and are used by a variety of people across many business functions. Typical users range from production and maintenance personnel to engineers, finance and management. Sectors within the manufacturing industry have their own definitions of MES and these are based on their functional requirements and by the offerings of vendors in that sector. Thus, people differ in their understanding and definition of MES. To ensure common understanding of what functionalities or modules constitute MES, the Manufacturing Execution Systems Association (MESA) has defined MES to cover the following eleven areas: Resource Allocation and Status Operations/Detail Scheduling Dispatching Production Units Document Control Data Collection/Acquisition Labour Management Quality Management Process Management Maintenance Management Product Tracking and Genealogy Performance Analysis On examining the Manufacturing Execution Systems literature, it was realised that functionalities and definitions exist but a standard approach and implementation methodology is lacking. Thus, a framework was developed based on a literature study as well as from experience within the MES environment. To ensure that the framework meets the needs of organisations, two questionnaires were developed and sent to people from various functions within large South African companies (and across divisions). The results of the empirical study showed that for large organisations, i.e. organisations with over 200 employees and an annual turnover in excess of R 40 million, some form of manufacturing execution systems were used in all the companies surveyed. The most common functionality deployed was Data Collection1Acquisition and the payback on these systems was greater than two years. The respondents highlighted that MES governance and an overall company wide strategy for MES implementation was non-existent or not enforced across the group of companies. The respondents also indicated that the implementation was time consuming and that the projects usually exceeded the allocated budget and/or were late. The respondents were not unanimous on who was accountable for MES within the organisation and a quarter felt that this was unclear within the organisation. When asked about the process that was followed in the selection of a vendor and solution, the majority felt that the process was not well defined. However, respondents noted that change management is used on all major projects and the outcome is generally successful. All the companies outsource either some or all of their IT services and the relationship with the vendor seems successful, as the rating received for MES support was very good. The benefits of implementing Manufacturing Execution Systems are also being realised by those companies that responded to the questionnaires. The overall impression is that over 75% of the respondents feel positive about the benefits and state that the benefits are realised. The only major shortcoming is that information is not being shared across business units and sites as half of the respondents felt that this was not happening in their companies. The proposed MES Engagement and Implementation Framework that was tested with the empirical study was subsequently updated. The framework suggests that all MES implementations should begin with a review of the business and ICT strategy as these would assist when defining the business requirements and the criteria for the selection of the technology, vendor, and solution The business requirements should be ascertained and a realistic business case should be developed. The project team should re-confirm the requirements once a vendor is selected, and, with the necessary change management, implement a portion of the solution as a pilot project. Once successful, then only should the entire solution be rolled out. Another parallel process should consider the outsourcing for the support phase. The entire process of implementing MES is cyclical as new requirements, additional functionality, and benefits tracking results in new projects. In conclusion adopting this framework would result in better implementation and ensure that the benefits are realised for all MES projects and that the solution is adequately supported after implementation. A model for the implementation has also been proposed and it should be developed and tested further to guide MES implementation. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-26T12:10:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 aline_silva_santos.PDF: 1329305 bytes, checksum: 5deee2946b99b6eac0e5c8cc5c537c15 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-26T12:11:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 aline_silva_santos.PDF: 1329305 bytes, checksum: 5deee2946b99b6eac0e5c8cc5c537c15 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T12:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 aline_silva_santos.PDF: 1329305 bytes, checksum: 5deee2946b99b6eac0e5c8cc5c537c15 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade microbiol?gica do leite cru e da ?gua utilizados na fabrica??o do queijo e a qualidade microbiol?gica do queijo Minas Artesanal do Serro em temperatura ambiente e sob refrigera??o (8oC), durante 63 dias de matura??o, e sua compara??o com os crit?rios microbiol?gicos exigidos pela Lei Estadual n.? 14.185, de 31 de janeiro de 2002, espec?fica para queijos artesanais. Todas as amostras de ?gua apresentaram contamina??o por coliformes totais acima do valor m?ximo permitido. Nenhuma amostra de ?gua apresentou contamina??o por coliformes fecais. Para duas amostras de leite cru a contagem de mes?filos apresentou-se acima dos limites permitidos pela legisla??o brasileira. As contagens de Staphylococcus aureus no leite variaram entre 0 log UFC/mL e 3,46 log UFC/mL. Escherichia coli esteve ausente em todas as amostras de leite analisadas. A contagem de c?lulas som?ticas variou entre 13.500 c?lulas/mL e 260.500 c?lulas/mL e somente uma amostra estava fora dos padr?es para acidez. Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella spp n?o foram encontradas em nenhuma das amostras de queijo analisadas nos diferentes tempos e temperaturas de matura??o e n?o houve efeito significativo das condi??es de matura??o em seus par?metros microbiol?gicos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of raw milk and water used in cheese production and the microbiological quality of handmade Minas Cheese produced in Serro-MG at room temperature and under refrigeration (8?C) during 63 days of maturation and its comparison with the microbiological criteria required by the State Law N? 14,185 of January 31, 2002, specifically to handmade cheeses. All of the water samples showed total coliform count above the maximum allowed. No water sample showed contamination by fecal coliforms. For two raw milk samples the mesophilic count presented above the allowed limits according to the Brazilian law. Staphylococcus aureus counts ranged from 0 log CFU/mL and 3.46 log CFU/mL. No Escherichia coli was observed in the analyzed milk samples. The counted somatic cell ranged from 13,500 cells/mL to 260,500 cells/mL and only one sample was out of the standards for acidity. No Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella spp were found in the analyzed cheese samples at different times and temperatures of maturation and there were no significant effect of maturation conditions on their microbiological parameters.

"Mes transes à trente ans (Escapade ruandaise)" de l'écrivain rwandais Saverio Nayigiziki, est une œuvre exceptionnelle, qui occupe une place majeure dans le corpus littéraire du Rwanda. Notre étude de l'espace romanesque montre comment l'élément spatial est essentiel dans la construction narrative du roman. En nous situant dans le cadre de la narratologie, nous analysons les pratiques romanesques qui organisent l'espace représenté à partir des codes du réalisme. Ce travail est organisé en trois parties : la première est une étude analytique de l'organisation textuelle qui manifeste la spatialité selon les modes d'écriture de la description réaliste, d'une part, et en fonction de la langue, d'autre part. La seconde étudie la narrativisation de l'espace et les procédures narratives de sa mise en texte. Enfin, la dernière partie analyse la fonctionnalité diégétique de l'espace, dans ses rapports avec la structure romanesque. Toutes ces approches montrent comment l'espace du roman ne se présente pas comme un simple décor devant lequel se déroule une action mais plutôt comme un constituant narratif en lien étroit avec les personnages, avec leur évolution au fil du récit et avec le sens incertain de leurs pérégrinations à travers le Rwanda et les pays voisins / "Mes transes à trente ans (Escapade ruandaise)", Saverio Nayigiziki's great work, is an exceptional novel, of major importance in Rwanda's literature, but in African literary history too. This study of the novel shows how essential is the spatial dimension in the narrative and in the fiction as well. Using a narratological approach, it analyses the novelistic practices which organize spatial representations within the realistic literary tradition. Our dissertation has three parts. The first one analyses textual organisation which represents space according to realistic patterns, as they are known in french literature of the 19th century, and according to the language constraints. The second part is devoted to the links between space and the narrative systems. Finally, the third part is a study of the diegetic impact of spaces representations, and of the way the novel is structured with spatial informations. All those approaches show how space is not only, or not at all un stage setting for the story, but much more an essential part of textuality, which is nearly related to characters, events, and to the global meaning of this travel story through Rwanda and other lands of Africa's heart