京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21259号 / 医博第4377号 / 新制||医||1029(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are regarded as clonal disorders of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Recent evidence demonstrates that stromal microenvironment, in addition to HSC defects, plays a particular role via its direct contact with haematopoietic precursor cells (HPC). This thesis aims at evaluating the putative growth deficiencies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from MDS individuals compared with normal controls, exploring their adhesion profile, assessing the adhesion process-involved molecular substrates, and establishing correlations with their growth patterns and HPC dysfunctions. Functional assays revealed that MSC from MDS are intrinsically pathological, show a continuous decline of proliferation over a 14-day culture and a reduced clonogenic capacity in the absence of signals from HPC. MSC growth defects significantly correlate with decreased CD44 and CD49e expression. Moreover, stroma-dependent adhesion mechanisms control HPC clonogenic potential and CD49e might be one of the molecules involved in this process. Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of focal adhesion (FA) proteins paxillin and pFAK [Y397] and of two regulatory proteins, HSP90αβ and p130CAS were identified via immunofluorescence analysis. Paxillin, pFAK [Y397] and HSP90αβ increased expression, besides its stronger nuclear colocalization in MSC from RAEB correlates with a consistent proliferative advantage and has a negative impact on HPC clonogenic capacity. These results open interesting opportunities, e.g. HPC-to-MSC interactions involve FA proteins signalling, and, as FAK is an HSP90αβ-client protein, it may enhance the utility of HSP90αβ inhibitors as adjuvant therapy in MDS

Les syndromes myélodysplasiques (SMD) sont considérés comme des maladies clonales des cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH). Le microenvironnement joue un rôle important par ses contacts direct avec les cellules progénitrices hématopoïétiques (CPH). Notre objectif était d'évaluer les défauts de croissance des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses (CSM) dans les MDS, d’explorer les molécules d’adhérence impliquées, et d'effectuer des corrélations avec leurs dysfonctionnements de croissance et les anomalies des CPH. Les CSM de MDS sont intrinsèquement pathologiques, montrant une baisse continue de la prolifération pendant 14 jours de culture et une capacité clonogénique réduite. Ces anomalies sont corrélés à une diminution des molécules d'adhérence CD44 et CD49e. Par ailleurs, le potentiel clonogénique des CPH est contrôlé par des mécanismes d'adhérence dépendant du stroma, CD49e pouvant être une des molécules impliquées. L’analyse en immunofluorescence des protéines d'adhérence focale (FA), paxilline et pFAK [Y397], et des deux protéines régulatrices, HSP90αβ et p130CAS permet l'identification d’anomalies qualitatives et quantitatives. Une expression accrue de paxilline, pFAK et HSP90αβ et leur forte co-localisation nucléaire dans les CSM d'anémie réfractaire avec excès de blastes (AREB) sont corrélées avec un avantage prolifératif et un impact négatif sur la capacité clonogénique de CPH. Ces résultats ouvrent des possibilités intéressantes : la signalisation via les protéines FA pourrait être impliquée dans les interactions HPC-MSC ; par ailleurs, FAK étant une protéine cliente d’HSP90, les inhibiteurs d’HSP90 sont une potentielle thérapie adjuvante dans les myélodysplasies / Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are regarded as clonal disorders of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Recent evidence demonstrates that stromal microenvironment, in addition to HSC defects, plays a particular role via its direct contact with haematopoietic precursor cells (HPC). This thesis aims at evaluating the putative growth deficiencies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from MDS individuals compared with normal controls, exploring their adhesion profile, assessing the adhesion process-involved molecular substrates, and establishing correlations with their growth patterns and HPC dysfunctions. Functional assays revealed that MSC from MDS are intrinsically pathological, show a continuous decline of proliferation over a 14-day culture and a reduced clonogenic capacity in the absence of signals from HPC. MSC growth defects significantly correlate with decreased CD44 and CD49e expression. Moreover, stroma-dependent adhesion mechanisms control HPC clonogenic potential and CD49e might be one of the molecules involved in this process. Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of focal adhesion (FA) proteins paxillin and pFAK [Y397] and of two regulatory proteins, HSP90αβ and p130CAS were identified via immunofluorescence analysis. Paxillin, pFAK [Y397] and HSP90αβ increased expression, besides its stronger nuclear colocalization in MSC from RAEB correlates with a consistent proliferative advantage and has a negative impact on HPC clonogenic capacity. These results open interesting opportunities, e.g. HPC-to-MSC interactions involve FA proteins signalling, and, as FAK is an HSP90αβ-client protein, it may enhance the utility of HSP90αβ inhibitors as adjuvant therapy in MDS

Studien utvärderar egenskaper hos mesenkymala stromaceller (MSC) i passage 2 och 3. I ett samarbete mellan Cellcolabs och Karolinska Institutet (KI) genomfördes projektet med Katarina Le Blancs forskargrupp. Genom att studera membranmarkörer från tre friska MSC-donatorer, tillsammans med deras förmåga att differentiera till osteoblaster, adipocyter och kondrocyter, samt deras förmåga att inhibera profileringen av CD8+ och CD4+ T-lymfocyter, och slutligen deras möjlighet att öka uttrycket av Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) och interleukin 6 (IL6), kunde en jämförelse mellan passage 2 och 3 göras. I korta drag kunde enbart en tydlig skillnad göras mellan de två passagerna. Skillnaden sågs i förmågan att differentiera till osteoblaster, där passage 3 inte kunde prestera på samma nivå som passage 2. Utöver detta var resultaten för de två typerna jämförbara och antydde inte till några större förändringar mellan passage 2 och 3. För att stärka tillförlitligheten av resultatet bör dock fler MSC-donatorer jämföras. / The study evaluates the characteristics and consistency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in two different passages, specifically 2 and 3. In a collaboration between Cellcolabs and Karolinska Institutet (KI), the project was conducted with Katarina Le Blanc’s research group. Through studying the surface expression on cells from three distinct MSC donors, along with their differentiation ability into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, their capability to suppress the proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and finally their possibility to increase the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and interleukin 6 (IL6), a comparison between passage 2 and 3 could be done. It was seen that a clear distinction could be made between the two passages while looking at their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. The remaining results showed comparable outcomes between passage 2 and 3, suggesting minor changes with the increased passage number. However, to strengthen the reliability of the outcome, more MSC donors should be compared.

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