Yes / Despite being regarded as the most comprehensive theory in understanding individual technology adoption – UTAUT2 theory with growing number of citations and impetus beyond IS domain face strong criticism on usage of the model in its entirety. This study located UTAUT2 based empirical studies in the Scopus and Web of Science bibliographic database through citied reference search in order to evaluate appropriate usage of UTAUT2 constructs. The meta-analysis results spanning across 60 studies with more than 122,000 cumulative observations found BI→UB as the strongest path with all significant values. PE→BI emerged as the most utilized path with most significant values underscoring the emphasis placed by consumers on utilitarian value. Meanwhile, with most non-significant path values the future usage of EE→BI path is been cautioned and questioned. Finally, trust, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, attitude, and self-efficacy were found as the five topmost UTAUT2 extensions.

Yes / The rapid evolution of mobile-based technologies and applications has led to the development of several different forms of digital payment methods (DPMs) but with limited enthusiasm in consumers for adopting them. Hence, several academic studies have already been conducted to examine the role of various antecedents that determines consumers’ intention to adopt DPMs. The degree of effect and significance of several antecedents found to be inconsistent across different studies. This provided us a basis for undertaking a meta-analysis of existing research for estimating the cumulative effect of such antecedents. Therefore, this study aims to perform a meta-analysis of five antecedents (i.e. attitude, cost, mobility, price value and innovativeness) for confirming their overall influence on intentions to adopt DPMs. The results of this study suggest that the cumulative effect of four out of five antecedents found to be significant while influence of price value was found insignificant on behavioural intentions. The recommendations drawn from this research would help to decide if and when to use such antecedents for predicting consumer intention to adopt DPMs.

Yes / The purpose of this paper is to perform a weight-analysis and to undertake a meta-analysis of findings reported in published research on the adoption and diffusion of e-government. Usable data relating to e-government adoption research were collected from 103 empirical studies. Of those 103 articles, only 63 used a range of different constructs with appropriate correlation values required for performing a weight- and meta-analysis. Diagrammatic representation has been presented using significant as well as non-significant relationships from all 103 publications. A broader analysis of research on adoption and diffusion of e-government also reflects that although a large number of theories and theoretical constructs were borrowed from the reference disciplines, their utilization by e-government researchers appears to be largely random in approach. This paper also acknowledges the theoretical contribution, the limitations of this study, and suggests further research directions for the continued work.

Yes / Purpose: We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate when refraction is stable following routine cataract surgery implanting monofocal intraocular lenses. Current advice recommends obtaining new spectacles 4–6 weeks following surgery. Due to advancements in surgical techniques, we hypothesised that refractive stability would be achieved earlier, which could have major short-term improvements in quality of life for patients. Methods: Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched with key words chosen to find articles, which assessed refraction following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Citation chains and the reference lists of all included papers were searched. Unpublished literature was identified using OpenGrey (www.opengrey.eu). The review considered studies that measured refraction at regular intervals following surgery until stability was achieved. Results: The search identified 6,680 papers. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and nine papers were found to fit the criteria, of which five were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the papers was evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) instrument. Meta-analysis of 301 patients’ data of spherical, cylindrical and spherical equivalent correction were performed using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5.3) (https://revman.cochrane.org/). Refraction at 1-week versus the gold standard of 4-weeks showed no significant difference for sphere data (effect size and 95% confidence interval of; ES = 0.00, 95% CI: −0.17, 0.17; p = 1.00), cylindrical data (ES = +0.06; 95% CI: −0.05, 0.17; p = 0.31), and spherical equivalent (ES = −0.01; 95% CI: −0.12, 0.10; p = 0.90). Heterogeneity was non-significant (I2

Yes / Mothers of school age and older children with developmental disabilities experience poorer health than mothers of typically developing children. This review assesses the evidence for the effect on mothers' health of caring for young children with developmental disabilities, and the influence of different disability diagnoses and socioeconomic status. Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched. Studies measuring at least one symptom, using a quantitative scale, in mothers of preschool children (0-5 years) with and without a diagnosed developmental disability were selected. Random effects meta-analysis was performed, and predictive intervals reported due to high expected heterogeneity. The meta-analysis included 23 estimates of association from 14 retrospective studies for the outcomes of stress (n = 11), depressive symptoms (n = 9), general health (n = 2) and fatigue (n = 1). Caring for a child with a developmental disability was associated with greater ill health (standardised mean difference 0.87; 95% predictive interval - 0.47, 2.22). The largest association was for mixed developmental disabilities (1.36; - 0.64, 3.36) and smallest for Down syndrome (0.38; - 2.17, 2.92). There was insufficient socioeconomic information to perform subgroup analysis. The small number of studies and data heterogeneity limited the precision of the estimates of association and generalizability of the findings. Mothers of young children with developmental disabilities may have poorer health than those with typically developing children. Research is needed to identify whether the relationship is causal and, if so, interventions that could reduce the negative effect of caregiving. / Sarah Masefeld was supported by a match funded studentship from the University of York and the Health e-Research Centre ref PhD2016PP2.

The present study systematically reviewed and statistically summarized the current body of literature on the relationship between maternal health literacy and maternal sensitivity, and the effect of these two variables on mothers' care and decision making on distal attachment outcomes. In so doing, a systematic review of the extant peer-reviewed, published literature examining the effectiveness of interventions in effort to improve health literacy and maternal sensitivity, with a focus on increasing the quality of mother-preterm infant attachment outcomes, was undergone. This was followed by four multilevel random effects meta-analyses. Results indicated that mothers who participated in health literacy (maternal sensitivity) interventions had, on average, higher attachment quality, in comparison to those who did not participate. Additionally, maternal age was found to be a statistically significant predictor of the overall average effect size. This suggests that maternal health literacy may be a yet unexplored correlate of mother-preterm infant attachment outcomes.

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença que foi declarada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como emergência mundial em 1993. As ferramentas disponíveis hoje para controle da TB são: o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento eficiente. Porém, o abandono do tratamento de TB é um problema enfrentado mundialmente em proporções que podem variar entre 3% a 80%. Por isso, a identificação dos fatores que são preditores do abandono do tratamento de TB pode ajudar a desenvolver melhores estratégias para o seu controle. O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma metanálise, fazer uma estimativa sumária da medida de associação entre cada um dos fatores (a) relacionados ao serviço de saúde, (b) relacionado ao quadro clínico e à terapia da TB e (c) relacionados aos indivíduos e o abandono do tratamento de TB. A estratégia de busca eletrônica remota para a recuperação de publicações relevantes foi desenvolvida de forma específica para as diferentes bases consideradas relevantes (MEDLINE [Pubmed] e LILCS). Buscas por referências cruzadas, além da consulta à base de revisões sistemáticas COCHRANE, também foram realizadas. Investigações foram incluídas se fossem trabalhos observacionais ou experimentais que estudem fatores de risco ou preditores do desfecho de interesse (abandono do tratamento de tuberculose) através de comparações de dois ou mais grupos e se seus dados pudessem ser extraídos. Dois revisores classificaram os trabalhos e extraíram dados de forma mascarada e as discordâncias resolvidas. Mais de 190 textos completos foram aptos à combinação de dados. Destes, foi possível extrair dados para combinação de 40 exposições. Destas, 19 foram demonstradas nesta investigação. Das 19 demonstradas, 13 exposições estudadas apresentaram associação e poderiam ser considerados preditores (sexo masculino, alcoolismo, infecção pelo HIV/SIDA, uso de drogas ilícitas, nacionalidade estrangeira, analfabetismo, retratamento, baciloscopia positiva, abandono prévio, tratamento de curta duração, acesso fácil à unidade de saúde, treinamento para adesão, tuberculose extrapulmonar) e seis não apresentaram associação (desemprego, efeitos adversos, tuberculose resistente, necessidade de hospitalização, demora para o início do tratamento, espera longa para a consulta). Porém, essas associações devem ser consideradas de forma conservadora devido à elevada heterogeneidade encontrada em todas as exposições. Apenas cinco exposições apresentaram explicação parcial e uma apresentou explicação total para a heterogeneidade. O viés de publicação foi detectado em apenas duas das 19 exposições. / Tuberculosis (TB) has been as a world emergency by World Health Organization in 1993. Nowadays, the tools available for TB control are early diagnosis and efficient treatment. However, TB treatment default is a concerning problem in the world and may vary between 3% and 80%, So, the identification of factors that may predict TB treatment default may help to develop better strategies to control TB. The objective of this work is, through a meta-analysis, to pool a summary estimate of associations of each factor (a) related to the health services, (b) to clinical condition and therapy and (c) to the individuals and TB treatment default. The remote electronic search strategy to find relevant publications was specifically developed for the different databases considered important, wich are: LILACS and MedLine (Pubmed). Searches for cross reference and search at COCHRANE systematic reviews database were also made. Investigations were included if they were observations or experimental that studied risk factors or predictive factors of the outcomes of interest (TB treatment default) through comparing two or more groups and the data could be extracted. Two independent reviewers classified and extracted the data and the discordances were solved in later meetings. More than 190 full texts were apt to be combines. From these texts, 40 exposures were extracted and combined. From these, 19 were shown in this investigation. 13 of 19 shown exposures demonstrated associations and could be considered as predictors ( male gender, alcoholism, HIV infection/AIDS, illicit drug use, foreign nationality, illiteracy, retreatment, positive sputum smear, previous default, short course therapy, easy access to health unit and adherence training extrapulmonary TB) and six did not show associations (unemployment , adverse effects, drug resistance, need for hospitalization, delay in start treatment, long wait for attendance). However these associations must considered very in a conservative way due to high level heterogeneity found in all exposures. Only five exposures have partially explanation and one have total explanation to the heterogeneity. Publication bias was detected in only two of the 19 exposures studied.

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença que foi declarada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como emergência mundial em 1993. As ferramentas disponíveis hoje para controle da TB são: o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento eficiente. Porém, o abandono do tratamento de TB é um problema enfrentado mundialmente em proporções que podem variar entre 3% a 80%. Por isso, a identificação dos fatores que são preditores do abandono do tratamento de TB pode ajudar a desenvolver melhores estratégias para o seu controle. O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma metanálise, fazer uma estimativa sumária da medida de associação entre cada um dos fatores (a) relacionados ao serviço de saúde, (b) relacionado ao quadro clínico e à terapia da TB e (c) relacionados aos indivíduos e o abandono do tratamento de TB. A estratégia de busca eletrônica remota para a recuperação de publicações relevantes foi desenvolvida de forma específica para as diferentes bases consideradas relevantes (MEDLINE [Pubmed] e LILCS). Buscas por referências cruzadas, além da consulta à base de revisões sistemáticas COCHRANE, também foram realizadas. Investigações foram incluídas se fossem trabalhos observacionais ou experimentais que estudem fatores de risco ou preditores do desfecho de interesse (abandono do tratamento de tuberculose) através de comparações de dois ou mais grupos e se seus dados pudessem ser extraídos. Dois revisores classificaram os trabalhos e extraíram dados de forma mascarada e as discordâncias resolvidas. Mais de 190 textos completos foram aptos à combinação de dados. Destes, foi possível extrair dados para combinação de 40 exposições. Destas, 19 foram demonstradas nesta investigação. Das 19 demonstradas, 13 exposições estudadas apresentaram associação e poderiam ser considerados preditores (sexo masculino, alcoolismo, infecção pelo HIV/SIDA, uso de drogas ilícitas, nacionalidade estrangeira, analfabetismo, retratamento, baciloscopia positiva, abandono prévio, tratamento de curta duração, acesso fácil à unidade de saúde, treinamento para adesão, tuberculose extrapulmonar) e seis não apresentaram associação (desemprego, efeitos adversos, tuberculose resistente, necessidade de hospitalização, demora para o início do tratamento, espera longa para a consulta). Porém, essas associações devem ser consideradas de forma conservadora devido à elevada heterogeneidade encontrada em todas as exposições. Apenas cinco exposições apresentaram explicação parcial e uma apresentou explicação total para a heterogeneidade. O viés de publicação foi detectado em apenas duas das 19 exposições. / Tuberculosis (TB) has been as a world emergency by World Health Organization in 1993. Nowadays, the tools available for TB control are early diagnosis and efficient treatment. However, TB treatment default is a concerning problem in the world and may vary between 3% and 80%, So, the identification of factors that may predict TB treatment default may help to develop better strategies to control TB. The objective of this work is, through a meta-analysis, to pool a summary estimate of associations of each factor (a) related to the health services, (b) to clinical condition and therapy and (c) to the individuals and TB treatment default. The remote electronic search strategy to find relevant publications was specifically developed for the different databases considered important, wich are: LILACS and MedLine (Pubmed). Searches for cross reference and search at COCHRANE systematic reviews database were also made. Investigations were included if they were observations or experimental that studied risk factors or predictive factors of the outcomes of interest (TB treatment default) through comparing two or more groups and the data could be extracted. Two independent reviewers classified and extracted the data and the discordances were solved in later meetings. More than 190 full texts were apt to be combines. From these texts, 40 exposures were extracted and combined. From these, 19 were shown in this investigation. 13 of 19 shown exposures demonstrated associations and could be considered as predictors ( male gender, alcoholism, HIV infection/AIDS, illicit drug use, foreign nationality, illiteracy, retreatment, positive sputum smear, previous default, short course therapy, easy access to health unit and adherence training extrapulmonary TB) and six did not show associations (unemployment , adverse effects, drug resistance, need for hospitalization, delay in start treatment, long wait for attendance). However these associations must considered very in a conservative way due to high level heterogeneity found in all exposures. Only five exposures have partially explanation and one have total explanation to the heterogeneity. Publication bias was detected in only two of the 19 exposures studied.

La thèse se compose de trois essais, abordant chacun la dichotomie entre la liaison et l'adhérence à partir d'un angle théorique différent. Dans le premier essai, je pose la question Comment Lier et Comment Adhérer et je propose un nouveau cadre théorique pour analyser le capital social, qui déconstruit sa principale fonction au-delà de la liaison ou de l'adhérence dans sa substance comme les relations sociales par rapport à la position dans la structure du réseau. Compte tenu de ces deux dimensions de l'analyse des réseaux sociaux, je propose quatre sources distinctes du capital social qui ont une valeur prédictive différente pour les réalisations individuelles - le réseau de liaison, les relations de liaison, le réseau d'adhérence et les relations d'adhérence - et j'examine leur valeur à la performance individuelle. La question du plomb dans le deuxième essai de ma thèse est Quand faut-il lier et Quand faut-il adhérer? Rejoignant la recherche sur la valeur éventuelle du capital social, je cherche comment l'organisation et les facteurs liés à l'emploi modèrent la relation entre chaque source de capital social à la performance et théorisent sur les stratégies que les individus devraient poursuivre afin d'obtenir de meilleures performances. Dans le troisième essai, je pose la question Sur Quelle Source devrais-je me fonder ? J'examine la puissance individuelle de chaque source de capital social et de la complémentarité entre les quatre d'entre eux. Je démontre que, bien que toutes les sources de capital social doivent avoir un impact positif sur la performance, certains d'entre eux pourraient supprimer le déploiement des autres formes. / My dissertation expands the line of inquiry of the contingent value of social capital to individual performance by raising three novel questions. In the first essay of my dissertation I focus on “How to bridge and how to bond” and propose a new theoretical framework for analyzing social capital, which deconstructs its major function beyond bridging or bonding into its substance as social relations versus position in network structure. Considering these two dimensions of social network analysis I propose four distinct sources of social capital that have different predictive value for individual achievements: bridging network, bridging relations, bonding network and bonding relations. The lead question in the second chapter of my dissertation is “When to bridge and when to bond”. Joining the research on the contingent value of social capital, I look at organization and individual level factors to predict the value of each social capital source to performance and theorize about the strategies individuals should pursue in order to achieve better performance. In the third essay I ask “Should one start with bridging or with bonding?” Building on the categorization proposed in the first chapter I investigate the most successful social capital path to on-the-job performance.

No / Studies of diagnostic accuracy often report paired tests for sensitivity and specificity that can be pooled separately to produce summary estimates in a meta-analysis. This was done recently for a systematic review of radiographers' reporting accuracy of plain radiographs. The problem with pooling sensitivities and specificities separately is that it does not acknowledge any possible (negative) correlation between these two measures. A possible cause of this negative correlation is that different thresholds are used in studies to define abnormal and normal radiographs because of implicit variations in thresholds that occur when radiographers' report plain radiographs. A method that allows for the correlation that can exist between pairs of sensitivity and specificity within a study using a random effects approach is the bivariate model. When estimates of accuracy as a fixed-effects model were pooled separately, radiographers' reported plain radiographs in clinical practice at 93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92-93%) sensitivity and 98% (95% CI 98-98%) specificity. The bivariate model produced the same summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity but with wider confidence intervals (93% (95% CI 91-95%) and 98% (95% CI 96-98%), respectively) that take into account the heterogeneity beyond chance between studies. This method also allowed us to calculate a 95% confidence ellipse around the mean values of sensitivity and specificity and a 95% prediction ellipse for individual values of sensitivity and specificity. The bivariate model is an improvement on pooling sensitivity and specificity separately when there is a threshold effect, and it is the preferred method of choice.