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Meta-governance recently emerged in the field of governance as a new approach which claims that its use enables modern states to overcome problems associated with network governance. This thesis shares the view that networks are an important feature of contemporary politics which must be taken seriously, but it also maintains that networks pose substantial analytical and political challenges. It proceeds to investigate the potential possibilities and problems associated with meta-governance on both theoretical and empirical levels. The theoretical discussion examines meta-governance in relation to governmentality, and it puts forward the claim that meta-governance may be understood as a specific type of neo-liberal governmentality. The meta-governance perspective regards networks as a complementary structure to traditional administration that can be utilized in the implementation and realization of public policy, but which also preserves the self-regulating and flexible character of networks. This generates a contradiction between the goals of public management and the character of networks that requires further investigation. The combination of the specific dynamics of the political field of security, the diminishing role of sovereign powers, the emergence of security networks, and the meta-governance stance adopted by the Swedish state constitutes a situation that should have been favorable for the successful employment of meta-governance. The empirical investigation of meta-governance is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the historical process involved and shows how the Swedish government and public authorities have adopted a meta-governance stance. The second analyzes the specific instruments and strategies that have been deployed in the governance of security communications and in the management of Sweden’s new security communications system which is an important aspect of security networks. The historical study together with the analysis of the meta-governance tools deployed reveals that the meta-governors neither reached the goals specified, nor fulfilled the overall purpose of successful security communications. I argue on the basis of the theoretical and empirical findings obtained in the present study that it is very difficult to successfully employ meta-governance in respect to security and crisis management, and that we have sound reasons to suspect that meta-governance will run into similar difficulties in other political fields as well. I conclude that meta-governance is a far more difficult practice than has been anticipated by existing theories and policy recommendations. Turning to meta-governance as a way to govern and control organizations may in fact lead to further fragmentation and distortion of public politics.

Giving a spatial structure to the regional development strategies in order to achieve a balanced use of lands and resources for a more sustainable development is not a straightforward task for the regions in Sweden. The reason is the planning monopoly of the municipalities and lack of planning power at the regional level based on the Planning and Building Act. Therefore, using a strategic spatial planning process as a coordination process is a controversial issue in the Swedish planning system. This thesis is dedicated to a case study (Structural picture of Skåne) in order to achieve a better and deeper understanding of the various aspects of such process. This purpose has been followed through collecting quantitative data (semi structured interviews and documents) and analyzing them according to a conceptual framework. The findings demonstrate that in order to meta-governing the network of municipalities in a region, strategic spatial planning process includes meta-governance mechanisms (network design, network framing and network management). The network design mechanism is heavily depends on the legitimacy of the spatial planning process and the initiator (here Region Skåne) is required to increase this legitimacy by working on different aspects of legitimacy. The network framing is to interactively build a consensus among all the actors by developing a common vision for the region and concretize it through common strategies. The scenarios for the future of the region must be developed through discussions and joint interpretation of the facts and analysis rather than being made merely by technical spatial analysis. Otherwise, making the strategies would face lots of misunderstandings, ambiguities and oppositions. Finally, since a complete consensus is not possible, questions and disagreements always exist. In addition, the weaker actors (municipalities) which have limitations and barriers to implement the strategies or put themselves in line with them need constant support from the stronger actors and the Region. Hence, the strategic spatial planning calls for a continuous discussion and support in order to manage the network of municipalities and keep the created picture alive in the background of their comprehensive plans.

The growth of e-commerce seems to be unavoidable. E-commerce as a concept brings a lot of upsides, as well as some obstacles that needs innovative solutions to be overcome. E-commerce is directly connected to a larger volume of parcels, mainly to private consumers. These parcels need to be shipped to the customer, which is a growing problem since the pick-up points have restricted physical space, combined with increased requests for home-delivery. There are a few solutions to this problem, one of them are parcel lockers.  Parcel lockers are dependent on a convenient location for the best usage. Strategical placements can offer more effective deliveries, a better degree of usage, lower emissions, and better possibilities for a transition to sustainable transport for the customer. However, to accomplish a better network of parcel lockers the companies responsible for these need to cooperate with owners of these locations, and this is where municipalities come into the equation.  This study aims to examine the possibilities for cooperation between the corporations who run the parcel-lockers and municipalities. The aim of the cooperation is to achieve a win-win situation in which both parties can experience a mutual gain in their own objectives. This shows to be a complex question where a lot of targets set in the municipality would be negatively affected by parcel lockers in some locations. The municipal perspective can be seen to prefer a more governing role, while the corporate perspective talks more of dynamic and “give-and-take”. However, cooperation is desirable both from the public and the private perspective, and there are a few possible structures and outcomes of this cooperation.  The study is based on six semi-structured interviews, of which two officials from Göteborgs stad, one official from Stockholms stad, one representative from Postnord, one from iBoxen and one from Digital Handel.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MauricioDiss.pdf: 285750 bytes, checksum: 08f8d0156df59b03816c93d362f99d3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work examines the governance of the Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) program in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as an instrument of public governance. In other words, this paper analyzes the governance of governance (metagovernance), as explained by Kooiman (2003). The state of Minas Gerais has shown an above national average implementation of PPP projects and has attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners. It has received the Infrastructure Investment Awards, offered by World Finance magazine, elected as the best PPP Program worldwide. Despite not having a scientific character, the prize throws light on the case of the state of Minas Gerais and Brazil, as can be inferred from studies prepared by the Observatório das PPPs no Brasil (2012) (watchdog of PPP in Brazil). The research analyses the PPP program of the State of Minas Gerais from the perspective of the principles of good governance set out in the guide prepared by the UNECE (2008), which reflect the development of policies, contracts, building the capacity to deal with PPPs, risk management, focus on citizen and concern for the environment. The dissertation compares the requirements of good governance in PPPs with the mechanisms already implemented in Minas Gerais and also brings evidence of some dilemmas inherent to meta-governance. The work was based on the PPP program of the State of Minas Gerais as the main unit of analysis, and had as units of analysis incorporated the following PPP projects: (i) recovery, expansion and operation of the highway MG 050, (ii) construction and management of Unidades de Atendimento Integrado UAI (one stop shop for citizen service delivery); (iii) construction and operation of the Penitentiary in Ribeirão das Neves, and (iv) reform, expansion and management of Mineirão Stadium. The data was collected through interviews and questionnaires with members of the central unit of PPP, the State Court of Auditing, private actors, and public officials responsible for the operation of PPPs contracts. The research also included legislation, bidding documents, contracts, manuals, reports and articles from the press. The results suggest that the PPP program in Minas Gerais is adherent to the principles of good governance set by UNECE (2008), demonstrating a mimicry of the model applied in Brazil with the European model. The principle of policy, particularly in the establishment of goals and values and communicating the PPP was what had greater adherence to European guide. The other principles partially respond to the guide, and the principle on the Environment was less observed by the PPP program of Minas Gerais. As a result of the research was also possible to observe some tough choices to be taken by the metagovernment, which have been translated in the following meta-governance dilemmas: democracy versus efficiency; legal versus cooperation, and competition neutrality versus efficiency. The challenge identified for scholars and practitioners of public governance and metagovernance is to think of them more broadly and declared, with the involvement of all actors responsible for the co-production of the public good, so that they can extract guidelines that help in decision making in the face of dilemmas that are inherent in this process / A presente dissertação examina a governança das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) do Estado de Minas Gerais, enquanto instrumento de governança pública. Em outras palavras, a presente dissertação faz uma análise da governança da governança (metagovernança), conforme explica Kooiman (2003). O estado de Minas Gerais recebeu o prêmio de melhor programa de PPPs do mundo no ano de 2012, ofertado pela revista World Finance (2012). Apesar de não ter um caráter científico, o premio joga luzes sobre o caso de Minas gerais, que é apontado nos estudos do Observatório das PPPs no Brasil (2012) como o estado com a maior implementação de projetos de PPPs no país, em termos quantitativos. A pesquisa analisa o programa de PPPs do Estado de Minas Gerais a luz dos princípios da boa governança (good governance) estabelecidos no guia preparado pela UNECE (2008), que refletem na elaboração de políticas públicas, estabelecimento de segurança jurídica para os investimentos, construção de capacidade institucional, gestão e compartilhamento de riscos, uma licitação eficaz, atenção às necessidades dos cidadãos e preocupação com o meio ambiente. A dissertação compara os requisitos da boa governança em PPP com os mecanismos já implementados em Minas Gerais e traz ainda evidências de alguns dilemas inerentes ao processo de metagovernança. A pesquisa baseou-se no programa de PPP do Estado de Minas Gerais como unidade de análise principal e teve como unidades de análise incorporadas os seguintes projetos de PPP: (i) Recuperação, ampliação e operação da Rodovia MG 050; (ii) Construção e gestão de Unidades de Atendimento Integrado; (iii) Construção e operação do Complexo Penitenciário em Ribeirão das Neves; e (iv) Reforma, ampliação e gestão do Estádio do Mineirão. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas e questionários com membros da Unidade Central de PPP, Tribunal de Contas do Estado (órgão de fiscalização e controle), secretárias responsáveis pela operação projeto de PPP e integrantes das empresas privadas. A pesquisa também se utilizou de fontes secundárias (editais de licitação, contratos, manuais, relatórios e notícias). A pesquisa identificou que, de modo geral, o programa de PPP de Minas Gerais é aderente aos princípios de boa governança estabelecidos pela UNECE (2008), demonstrando um mimetismo do modelo aplicado no Brasil com o modelo Europeu. O princípio de políticas públicas, sobretudo no estabelecimento de valores e na comunicação das PPPs foi o que teve maior aderência ao guia Europeu. Os demais princípios atenderam parcialmente ao guia, sendo que o princípio ligado ao meio ambiente foi o menos observado pelo programa de PPPs de Minas Gerais. Como resultado da pesquisa também foi possível observar algumas escolhas difíceis de serem tomadas pelo governo, que foram traduzidos nos seguintes dilemas de metagovernança: democracia versus eficácia; segurança jurídica versus cooperação; e neutralidade e ampla concorrência versus eficiência. O desafio identificado para os estudiosos e praticantes da governança pública e metagovernança é o de pensá-las de uma forma mais ampla e declarada, com o envolvimento de todos os atores responsáveis pela coprodução do bem público, de modo que se possam extrair diretrizes que auxiliem na tomada de decisão frente aos dilemas que são inerentes a esse processo

This study aims to understand a swedish BID (business improvement district) partnership as a local form of urban governance in neighborhood improvement. The study explores challenges with the collaborative governance of various actors with a majority of private property owners. It highlights the need of public meta-governance and the challenges the network's public leader face in its governing of the network. As a framework for this, the study uses governance theory, which discusses the effective and democratic implications for network governance and how it can be improved by a meta-governor. It also uses various perspectives of BIDs as governance networks and its influence as urban actors. The empirical data is collected through qualitative interviews with involved network actors as well as the network leader, and focus is on their perceptions of the partnership's role and challenges with the collaborative governance. The findings of the study demonstrate the complexity of a multi-organisation partnership as well as the challenges to manage it. The results suggest that the partnership's practice of meta-governance do not live up to the definition presented by the theorists, due to a weak political accountability, and the network actors' governing are therefore left to be determined by their intentions. However, if their intentions are good, the network has the potential to create a well-functioning and committed local democracy with an effective decision-making process with less bureaucracy. Of importance for the discipline of urban studies, the identified aspects of diverging interests and the partnership's weak bond with public deliberation, BIDs as a way of managing space should be questioned in ways of who's interest is taken into consideration in the planning and development of our public spaces.