Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-26T10:49:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas.pdf: 1344462 bytes, checksum: 1e3669fc0b4da746d7a41a31525f3492 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T10:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas.pdf: 1344462 bytes, checksum: 1e3669fc0b4da746d7a41a31525f3492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This survey was divided into two chapters, the first one producing and characterizing Urochloa humidicola methanol extract in order to present secondary metabolites classes and bromathological and chemical composition. These metabolites have several functions within the plant and are associated to defense system, protecting the environment where they have been living. These compounds have been used on animal feed in the reason presenting antimicrobial properties that could be employed for inducing ruminal fermentation. Phytochemical screening tests and chemical composition of U. humidicola methanol extract and in natura plant were carried out on this present survey. The following secondary compounds classes: saponins, tannins, flavonoids, non-protein amino acids, cardiotive glycosides, steroids, tripernoids, catechins and saccharides were indentified U. humidicola methanol extract in regarding to in natura plant showed 10,20% and 5,17% crude protein concentrations, 35% and 1,51% lipids and 9,59% aand 39,92% non-fibrous carbohydrates, respectively. These results might be explained by percolation with methanol extraction methods extracting only soluble constituents transporting silted protein, lipids and ash to the extract. The second chapter of this survey aimed evaluating U. humidicola extract addition effect containing saponin associated to U. brizantha assessing gases production, (methane and carbon dioxide), ruminal kinetics, dry matter degradation and short chain fatty acids production (SCFA: acetate, propionate and butyrate), as well. Plant extracts have been an alternative inducing ruminal fermentation by secondary metabolites in the reason they are from natural sources and with no residue hazards in products like meat and milk. Ruminal fermentation induction could reduce methane production, as well as, increase acetate: propionate ratio and improve food degradation. Four U. humidicola methanol extract concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 250 g/L) on U. brizantha degradability by in vitro gases production were tested. At 150 g/L extract concentration gas production from fibrous carbohydrates was 118,21 mL. However, the highest fiber concentration rate occurred at 150 g/L. Increasing extract concentrations (75, 150 and 250 g/L) soluble fraction values were: 10,27; 7,46 and 14,07%, respectively. Effective ruminal degradability at 75, 150 and 250 g/L concentrations for passage rates for an animal in maintenance were 38,53%, 27,71% and 20,30%, respectively. Extract concentrations increase exerted a linear effect (P<0.05) on ruminal pH values being more evident at high extract concentration (250 g/L) as 5,73 and 5,43 at 12 and 24 hs, respectively. CO2 averages in regarding to incubated and degraded dry matter did not differ with extract concentrations increase at 12 hs. Methane averages in regarding to incubated and degraded dry matter were no significative by regression analysis. Treatment at 250 g/L concentration presented the lowest value for methane at 12 hs. At 75 g/L concentration, total SCFA (acetic, propionic and butyric acid) increase at 12 and 24 hs was reported. U. humidicola methanol extract different concentration addition improved U. brizantha fermentation kinects parameters at 150 g/L and 250 g/L concentrations. However, negative effect on U. brizantha dry matter degradation and ruminal pH values according to extract concentrations increase was reported. Strong correlation between pH values and dry matter degradation (p=0,61, P<0,05) was presented. Carbon dioxide concentration increased, as well as, methane production decreased U. humidicola crude methanol extract presented potential for use as ruminal fermentation promoter. New studies about U. humidicola extract employing animals for justifying its efficiency as food additive should, furthermore, be developed. / Este trabalho foi dividido em dois cap?tulos, o primeiro teve por objetivo produzir e caracterizar o extrato metan?lico de Urochloa humidicola, com o intuito de conhecer as classes de metab?litos secund?rios presentes e a composi??o qu?mico-bromatol?gica. Estes metab?litos possuem diversas fun??es dentro dos vegetais e est?o associados ao sistema de defesa, os protegendo no ambiente que vivem. Estes compostos est?o sendo utilizados na alimenta??o animal por apresentarem propriedades antimicrobianas que podem ser empregadas para induzir a fermenta??o ruminal. Para este estudo foram realizados os testes de prospec??o fitoqu?mica e as an?lises de composi??o bromatol?gica do extrato metan?lico de U. humidicola e da U. humidicola in natura. Foram identificadas as seguintes classes de compostos secund?rios: saponinas, taninos, flavonoides, amino?cidos n?o proteicos, glicos?deos cardioativos, ester?ides e tripern?ides, catequinas e sacar?deos. O extrato metan?lico de U. humidicola em rela??o ? planta in natura, apresentaram concentra??es de prote?na bruta de 10,20% e 5,17%, e mat?ria mineral de 16,14% e 8,14%, extrato et?reo de 35% e 1,51%, carboidrato n?o fibroso, 9,59% e 39,92%, respectivamente. Esse resultado pode ser explicado pelo m?todo de extra??o que foi por percola??o com metanol, extraindo somente os constituintes sol?veis carreando somente prote?na, lip?deos e cinzas para o extrato. No segundo cap?tulo deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adi??o de extrato de U. humidicola contendo saponina, associada ? Urochloa brizantha, avaliando a produ??o de gases (metano e de di?xido de carbono), a cin?tica ruminal, a degrada??o da mat?ria seca e produ??o de ?cidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC; acetato, propionato e butirato). Os extratos vegetais de plantas s?o uma alternativa para induzir da fermenta??o ruminal por possu?rem metab?litos secund?rios, por serem de fontes naturais e sem riscos de res?duos nos produtos como carne e leite. A indu??o da fermenta??o ruminal pode reduzir a produ??o de metano, aumentar a rela??o de acetato: propionato e melhorar a degrada??o do alimento. Foram testados quatro concentra??es de extrato metan?lico de U. humidicola (0, 75, 150 e 250 g/L) sobre a degradabilidade da U. brizantha pela produ??o de gases in vitro. Na concentra??o de 150 g/L do extrato, a produ??o de g?s proveniente dos carboidratos fibrosos, foi de 118,21 mL. No entanto, a maior taxa de degrada??o dos carboidratos fibrosos ocorreu na concentra??o 150 g/L. Com o aumento das concentra??es de extrato (75, 150 e 250 g/L) os valores da fra??o sol?vel foram de 10,27; 7,46 e 14,07% respectivamente. A degradabilidade ruminal efetiva nas concentra??es de (75, 150 e 250 g/L) para as taxas de passagem para um animal em manten?a foram de 38,53%, 27,71% e 20,30%, respectivamente. O aumento das concentra??es de extrato exerceu um efeito linear (P<0,05) sobre os valores de pH ruminal, sendo mais evidente na alta concentra??o de extrato (250 g/L) que foi de 5,73 e 5,43 nos tempos de 12 e 24 horas, respectivamente. As m?dias de CO2 com rela??o ? mat?ria seca incubada e degradada n?o diferiram entre si com o aumento das concentra??es de extrato nos tempos de 12 horas. As m?dias de metano com base na mat?ria seca incubada e degradada n?o apresentaram signific?ncia para an?lise de regress?o. O tratamento com a concentra??o de 250 g/L de extrato apresentou menor valor para metano no tempo de 12 horas. A concentra??o de extrato (75 g/L) proporcionou um aumento do total de AGCC, ?cido ac?tico, ?cido propi?nico e ?cido but?rico tanto no tempo de 12 e 24 horas. A adi??o das diferentes concentra??es de extrato metan?lico de U. humidicola melhorou os par?metros da cin?tica da fermenta??o da U. brizantha nas concentra??es de 150 e 250 g/L. Mas causou um efeito negativo sobre a degrada??o da mat?ria seca da U. brizantha e no pH ruminal com o aumento das concentra??es de extrato. Existe uma forte correla??o entre os valores de pH e degrada??o da mat?ria seca (?=0,61, P<0,05). Aumentou as concentra??es de g?s carb?nico e reduziu a produ??o de metano. O extrato metan?lico bruto de U. humidicola tem potencial para uso como indutor da fermenta??o ruminal. ? necess?rio ? purifica??o e o isolamento da saponina do extrato para comprovar o efeito ben?fico sobre a fermenta??o ruminal. S?o imprescind?veis novos estudos com o extrato de U. humidicola, utilizando animais para se comprovar a efici?ncia na utiliza??o como aditivo alimentar

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-07-28T01:31:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Bianca Final.pdf: 956007 bytes, checksum: beb73baaedae8e53837ad84aa8d164cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T01:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Bianca Final.pdf: 956007 bytes, checksum: beb73baaedae8e53837ad84aa8d164cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Lamiaceae is a family of flowering plants of great importance due to its aromatic herbs with pharmaceutical properties. Endemic species from the semiarid region of Brazil, as Martianthus leucocaphalus (Mart. Ex Benth.) J. F. B. Pastore, produce essential oils of great phytochemical and economic potential, due to its proven antimicrobial and antifungal activities. This species is not yet commercially cropped, but it is already known that biotic and abiotic factors play an important role on the production of essential oils, making it difficult to to explore these compounds. In this sense, we aimed to evaluate the effect of climate in different months of the year in edaphoclimatic conditions of Feira de Santana, BA, on the growth, production and composition of essential oil from M. leucocaphalus. Experiments were performed on Horto Florestal Experimental Unit from Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. We monthly quantified growth, by foliar area parameters, using fresh and dried leaves, branches and inflorescences. In each period we evaluated content and chemical composition of essential oilds under a combination of Gas Chromatography techniques (CG), in order to quantify constituents and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG/EM) to identify these constituents. Climatic data were obtained over INMET. Obtained data were analyzed under SAS, using Spearman correlation among variables and descriptive statistics. A mean test was performed on SISVAR for comparison. Total dried mass (MST) and essential oil content (TO) were higher on months of great solar intensity and lower on months with abundant precipitation. Constituents varied considerably due to climatic factors, with major concentration of the majoritary compound on more humid months with a low solar irradiance. / A fam?lia Lamiaceae possui not?vel import?ncia devido ?s suas ervas arom?ticas com potencial farmac?utico. Esp?cies end?micas do semi?rido do Brasil, como Martianthus leucocaphalus (Mart. ex Benth.) J.F.B.Pastore produzem ?leo essencial com elevado potencial fitoqu?mico e econ?mico, com atividade antimicrobiana e antif?ngica comprovada. A esp?cie ainda n?o ? cultivada comercialmente, entretanto, sabe-se que a produ??o de ?leos essenciais sofre grande influ?ncia de fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos, o que dificulta a explora??o desses compostos. Visando avaliar a influ?ncia clim?tica na produ??o do ?leo essencial de M. leucocephalus e, com isso, identificar a melhor ?poca de plantio e colheita da esp?cie para a produ??o de compostos bioativos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do clima, ao longo de diferentes meses do ano, em condi??es edafoclim?ticas de Feira de Santana-BA, sobre o crescimento, produ??o e composi??o do ?leo essencial dessa esp?cie. O experimento foi realizado na Unidade Experimental Horto Florestal da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Foi quantificado mensalmente o crescimento, atrav?s dos par?metros ?rea foliar, massa fresca e seca de folhas, ramos e infloresc?ncias. Em cada per?odo foi avaliado o teor e composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais atrav?s da combina??o de t?cnicas de Cromatografia Gasosa (CG), para quantifica??o dos constituintes e Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG/EM) para identifica??o dos mesmos. Os dados clim?ticos foram obtidos atrav?s do INMET. Os dados obtidos foram analisados atrav?s da ANAVA, realizando-se a correla??o de Spearman entre as vari?veis e teste de Scott-Knott para compara??o das m?dias. A massa seca total (MST) e o teor de ?leo essencial (TO) foram maiores nos meses com elevada intensidade solar e menor nos meses com muita precipita??o. Os constituintes variaram consideravelmente em fun??o dos fatores clim?ticos, com maior concentra??o do composto majorit?rio nos meses mais ?midos com baixa irradi?ncia solar.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-09-27T00:25:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VERS?O FINAL DISSERTA??O-Luma Passos.pdf: 2866580 bytes, checksum: 631bf5534fde43f51e60719229aabc72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T00:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VERS?O FINAL DISSERTA??O-Luma Passos.pdf: 2866580 bytes, checksum: 631bf5534fde43f51e60719229aabc72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / The genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) is characterized by having species with medicinal and aromatic properties, its economic potential aims to the production of essential oils with important biological and pharmacological activities. Even with all known diversity and potential, few species are the target of agronomic studies. Considering the propagation as the first step in the domestication of a species and the influence of external factors on essential oil production, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cutting type and auxin concentrations in the vegetative propagation of the species L. insignis, L. lasiocalycina and L. thymoides, as well as different types of fertilization and harvest season in production, and content and chemical composition of the essential oil. In propagation tests two types of cuttings were used (apical and middle) and five IBA concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L-1). In cultivation three forms of fertilization were tested (control, manure and manure + NPK 10:10:10) and two harvest seasons (210 and 360 days after planting). The essential oils are extracted from dry leaves by the hydrodistillation method by Clevenger apparatus, and chemical composition determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC / FID) coupled to mass spectrometer (GC / MS). It was concluded that apical cuttings are the most suitable for the propagation of L. insignis and both apical and middle cuttings for L. thymoides and L. lasiocalycina; treatment with IBA is not necessary in the propagation by cuttings of these species; chemical fertilizers (NPK) associated with cattle manure was the best treatment in growth and biomass production of the species L. lasiocalycina and L. thymoides, while for L. insignis to the control treatment was the best; pruning, followed by the second growing season (regrowth) is recommended in the cultivation of the studied species, aiming at the production of essential oil; ?-myrcene, limonene and E-ocimenone are the major components of L. insignis; ?-myrcene and E-ocimenone the major components of L. lasiocalycina and E-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide the major components of L. thymoides; fertilization and harvest season promote quantitative variations in the chemical composition of essential oils; the species L. insignis and L. thymoides are the most promising for essential oil production in the conditions of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. / O g?nero Lippia (Verbenaceae) ? caracterizado por apresentar esp?cies com propriedades medicinais e arom?ticas, sendo seu potencial econ?mico voltado para a produ??o de ?leos essenciais com importantes atividades biol?gicas e farmacol?gicas. Mesmo com toda diversidade e potencial conhecidos, poucas esp?cies est?o sendo alvo de estudos agron?micos. Considerando a propaga??o como o primeiro passo na domestica??o de uma esp?cie e a influ?ncia dos fatores externos na produ??o de ?leo essencial, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tipo de estaca e concentra??es de auxina na propaga??o vegetativa das esp?cies L. insignis, L. lasiocalycina e L. thymoides, bem como de diferentes tipos de aduba??o e ?pocas de colheita na produ??o, teor e composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial. Nos testes de propaga??o foram utilizados dois tipos de estacas (apical e mediana) e cinco concentra??es de AIB (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg L-1). No cultivo foram testadas tr?s formas de aduba??o (testemunha, esterco bovino e esterco + NPK 10:10:10) e duas ?pocas de colheita (210 e 360 dias ap?s o plantio). Os ?leos essenciais foram extra?dos de folhas secas pelo m?todo de hidrodestila??o por aparelho de Clevenger e a composi??o qu?mica determinada por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ioniza??o em chama (CG/DIC) acoplado a espectr?metro de massas (CG/EM). Foi poss?vel concluir que estacas apicais s?o as mais indicadas na propaga??o de L. insignis e tanto as estacas apicais quanto medianas para L. thymoides e L. lasiocalycina; o tratamento com AIB n?o ? necess?rio na propaga??o por estaquia dessas esp?cies; a aduba??o mineral (NPK) associado a esterco bovino foi o melhor tratamento no crescimento e produ??o de biomassa das esp?cies L. lasiocalycina e L. thymoides, j? para L. insignis o tratamento testemunha foi o melhor; a poda, seguida da segunda ?poca de cultivo (rebrota) ? recomend?vel no cultivo das esp?cies estudadas, visando ? produ??o de ?leo essencial; ?-mirceno, limoneno e E-ocimenona s?o os componentes majorit?rios de L. insignis; ?-mirceno e E-ocimenona os componentes majorit?rios de L. lasiocalycina e E-cariofileno e ?xido de cariofileno os componentes majorit?rios de L. thymoides; a aduba??o e a ?poca de colheita promovem varia??es quantitativas na composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais; as esp?cies L. insignis e L. thymoides s?o as mais promissoras na produ??o de ?leo essencial nas condi??es de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil.