Spelling suggestions: "subject:"fetals mechanical properties"" "subject:"detals mechanical properties""
1 |
Comparison and analysis of dynamic shear failure behavior of structural metalsMinnaar, Karel 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
|
2 |
An evaluation of strain rate sensitivity of selected stainless steels at different temperaturesMarques, Sérgio 12 September 2012 (has links)
M.Ing. / In the design and analysis of components and structures, detailed information on the material behaviour and its properties is required. When a material is loaded dynamically, such as in metal punching, the material properties may not be the same as when loaded statically. This is known as the strain rate sensitivity of a material, which implies that properties such as the yield strength, tensile strength and ductility may vary with the rate at which the material is loaded. South Africa is one of the large stainless steel producing countries. Seventy percent of the known chromium ore reserves are found in the Bushveld Igneous Complex in the Northern Province and Mpumalanga. To compete on the global stainless steel market it is essential that the South African producers have all the relevant product information directly available. Considerable research has been performed on mild steel at different strain rates and temperatures[1]. Work has also been done on some austenitic stainless steels. Very little, or no work has been done in this regard on ferritic and martensitic stainless steels and on the proprietary alloy 3CR12[2]. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the strain rate sensitivity of Types 304, 430 and 316 stainless steel, 3CR12 corrosion resistant steel and mild steel at different temperatures. To achieve this, tensile tests are performed. at strain rates between 10's -1 to approximately 100s -1 and at temperatures ranging from -40°C to 140°C. Shear tests are also performed at various strain rates, to investigate the effect that material behaviour has on a typical metal working process. The results obtained show that all the materials tested are strain rate sensitive. The strain rate sensitivity varies as a function of the material tested and the testing temperature. Constitutive models which take into account the strain rate sensitivity at room temperature for all the materials are also presented. These models describe the behaviour of the material fairly accurately. Three dimensional plots are also presented which depict how the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation vary as a function of both strain rate and temperature. These plots clearly show material trends for the strain rates and temperatures tested.
|
3 |
Comportement et déchirure de matériaux métalliques : développement d’essais expérimentaux pour l’étude de l’influence de la vitesse de déformation et de l’historique de chargement / Behavior and ductile fracture of two metals : new experimental techniques for the study of the strain rate and the load path effectsLafilé, Vincent 19 October 2018 (has links)
La compréhension du comportement des matériaux minces sous différentes sollicitations est un enjeu en matière de sécurité. Les modèles de comportement mécanique et de rupture ont évolué pour prendre en compte l’état de contrainte et la vitesse de déformation qui peuvent avoir une influence majeure sur la réponse du matériau. L’identification de ces modèles passe par la caractérisation expérimentale du matériau. Les essais mécaniques représentent donc toujours une étape indispensable au développement des outils numériques. L’objectif de ces travaux est donc de contribuer à l’apport de techniques expérimentales de caractérisation des matériaux. L’ensemble des travaux est illustré par l’étude de deux matériaux : un alliage d’aluminium AA- 2024-T3 et un acier dual phase DP450. L’effet de la vitesse de déformation sur le comportement en traction équi-biaxiale, ainsi que la déformation à rupture en traction équi-biaxiale et en traction en déformation plane sont étudiés. Pour cela, le dépouillement de l’essai de gonflement hydraulique (bulge test) est amélioré et un nouveau dispositif est utilisé pour atteindre des vitesses de déformation intermédiaires de 100 s-1. L’essai de poinçonnement hémisphérique et un nouvel essai de poinçonnement pour la traction en déformation plane sont effectués jusqu’à des vitesses de déformation intermédiaires. L’effet du trajet de chargement sur la déformation à rupture est également étudié. Une méthode de traction uni-axiale sur éprouvettes de grandes dimensions est développée pour appliquer un premier chargement. Ensuite un second chargement en traction équi-biaxiale ou en traction en déformation plane est appliqué jusqu’à rupture. / The understanding of thin materials behavior under various stress state is a current issue for security matters. Constitutive models and failure models evolved to take into account stress state and strain rate effect on material behavior. Experimental characterization of materials is necessary to identify models. Mechanical tests are mandatory for the development of numerical tools. The aim of this thesis is the development of experimental techniques for material characterization. This work is performed on two materials, a AA-2024-T3 aluminum alloy and DP450 dual phase steel. Strain rate effect on the equi-biaxial tension behavior and the failure, and on the plane strain tension failure is studied. For this purpose, we improved the analysis of bulge test and a new device is proposed ion order to attain strain rates up to 100 s-1. Hemispheric punch test and a new punch test dedicated to plane strain tension are proposed at high strain rates. Effect of loading path on failure strain is also studied. A new device for uniaxial tension on large specimens is use to apply the first load, a second loading under equi-biaxial tension or plane strain tension is then applied up to failure.
|
4 |
The deformation of bcc alloysWood, Michael Ian January 1982 (has links)
A detailed study has been made of thermally activated glide between 373 K and 20 K for UHV annealed single crystals of two Nb based substitutional alloy systems containing 1-16 at.%Mo or 4 - 60 at.%Ta, in conjunction with a study of the deformation of UHV annealed single crystals of Nb between 4.2 K and 77 K. Whilst the addition of Ta had only a small effect on the properties of Nb as measured by activation volume and enthalpy and the temperature dependence of the flow stress, it produced a large increase in the low temperature yield stress and displaced the appearance of anomalous slip to lower temperatures, e.g. 77 K for the 10 at.%Ta alloy. Addition of Mo produced more rapid changes Whilst the 1 at.%Mo alloy behaved like the Nb-Ta alloys, the appearance of anomalous slip was depressed to 113 K. Further additions appeared to suppress anomalous slip completely and radically alter the behaviour of the alloys. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the more concentrated Nb-Mo alloys show a change in the rate limiting step at low temperatures, cf. a peak in the activation volume - effective stress curve. No solution softening was observed in the alloys. Complex transients were found for all the alloys at and below 77 K after changes in strain rate. The yield and thermal stresses for Nb deforming by anomalous slip were independent of temperature between 77 K and 50 K, only regaining a temperature sensitivity below 50 K. The importance of this for models of anomalous slip was discussed. Complex overshoots were observed after changes in the strain rate. Those observed at and below 20 K have been explained by reference to the change in specimen temperature produced by heat generation during dislocation glide.
|
5 |
A microscale study of small crack propagation in multiaxial fatigueBennett, Valerie P. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. / David L. McDowell. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
|
6 |
Caractericação da microestrutura de solidificação de ligas Al-Fe e correlação com propriedades mecânicas / Characterização solidification microstructures of Al-Fe alloys and correlation with medchanical propertiesGoulart, Pedro Roberto 08 October 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Amauri Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T17:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Goulart_PedroRoberto_D.pdf: 6361935 bytes, checksum: 1ab5747a6494bb2184c779b77424407e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Foram realizados estudos em estruturas de solidificação de três ligas hipoeutéticas Al-Fe, as quais foram solidificadas direcionalmente sob condições transitórias de extração de calor. Durante a solidificação fora do equilíbrio de fundidos, uma gama de taxas de resfriamento pode ocorrer da superfície ao centro da peça, o que pode causar a formação de fases intermetálicas metaestáveis além da fase estável Al3Fe. Uma abordagem teórico-experimental foi desenvolvida para determinar quantitativamente as variáveis térmicas de solidificação, tais como velocidades de deslocamento da isoterma liquidus e taxas de resfriamento ao longo da peça fundida. Os resultados térmicos experimentais também incluem o coeficiente de transferência de calor na interface metal/molde, hg, determinado através da comparação entre os perfis térmicos experimentais no fundido e simulações da solidificação obtidas por um programa de diferenças finitas. Estruturas celulares prevaleceram para todas as ligas Al-Fe analisadas. Os espaçamentos celulares (?1), medidos ao longo do comprimento dos fundidos, foram comparados com as previsões teóricas fornecidas por modelos de crescimento celular. De modo a investigar a natureza dos intermetálicos Al-Fe presentes na microestrutura, estas fases foram extraídas da matriz rica em alumínio utilizando-se de uma técnica de dissolução. Estas fases foram então analisadas utilizando-se Raios-X e MEV. Resultados obtidos através de ensaios de tração foram correlacionados com o espaçamento celular. Verificou-se que o limite de resistência à tração, o limite de escoamento e o alongamento específico aumentam com o decréscimo do espaçamento celular. Os maiores valores para o limite de resistência a tração, foram obtidos para os corpos de prova com estruturas mais refinadas da liga Al-1,5%Fe onde uma maior densidade de fibras é encontrada e sua distribuição é mais homogênea devido a espaçamentos celulares menores. Por outro lado, o alongamento específico diminuiu com o aumento do teor de soluto da liga / Abstract: Investigations have been made of the solidification structure of three hypoeutectic Al-Fe alloys, which were directionally solidified under unsteady-state heat flow conditions. During the non-equilibrium solidification of castings a range of cooling rates occur from the surface to the casting center, and can cause the formation of metastable intermetallic phases in addition to the stable Al3Fe phase. A combined theoretical/experimental approach was used in order to quantitatively determine the solidification parameters: tip growth rate and cooling rate along the castings length. The experimental thermal results also include transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficients, hg, determined from comparisons between the experimental thermal profiles in castings and the simulations provided by a finite difference heat flow program. A cellular microstructure has prevailed along all the Al-Fe alloys castings. The experimental cell spacing (?1), which was measured along the casting length, was compared with the theoretical predictions furnished by cellular growth models. In order to investigate the nature of the Al-Fe intermetallics, these phases were extracted from the aluminum-rich matrix by using a dissolution technique. Such phases were then investigated by SEM and X-ray techniques. The tensile tests results were correlated with the cell spacing. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength, the yield strength and the maximum elongation increase with decreasing cell spacing. The higher values for ultimate tensile strength were those obtained for the most refined Al-1.5wt%Fe alloy samples, where a higher density of fibers is found distributed in a more homogeneous way due to lower cell spacing value. In contrast, the maximum elongation was found to decrease when the solute content was increased / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
|
7 |
Variaveis termicas de solidificação, microestrutura e propriedades mecanicas de ligas hipoeuteticas Al-Si / Solidification thermal variables, microstructure and mechanical properties of hypoeutetic Al-Si alloysGoulart, Pedro Roberto 07 June 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Amauri Garcia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Goulart_PedroRoberto_M.pdf: 16218050 bytes, checksum: 1cc723921f7b1426050c06e4bcedea4d (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: No presente trabalho, é realizada uma seqüência de experimentos com ligas hipoeutéticas de AIlSi para analisar a solidificação unidirecional horizontal em condições transitórias de fluxo de calor. Abordagens teóricas e experimentais são desenvolvidas para a determinação quantitativa de variáveis térmicas de solidificação, tais como: coeficientes transitórios de transferência de calor metal/molde; velocidades de deslocamento das isotermas liquidus; taxas de resfriamento à frente das isotermas liquidus e tempos locais de solidificação. O trabalho analisa também a dependência dos espaçamentos interdendríticos em relação às variáveis térmicas de solidificação e ao teor de soluto da liga. Esses parâmetros dendríticos experimentais, referentes à solidificação das ligas AI 5 e 9 % Si, são comparados com os principais modelos teóricos de crescimento dendrítico da literatura. Os resultados experimentais obtidos através de ensaios mecânicos são correlacionados com. a microestrutura dendrítica, estabelecendo-se leis experimentais / Abstract: Experiments were conducted to analyze the horizontal unsteady state directional solidification of hypoeutectic AI-Si alloys. A combined theoretical and experimental approach was developed to quantitatively determine solidification thermal variables such as: transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficients, tip growth rates, thermal gradients, tip cooling rates and local solidification time. The work also focused on the dependence of dendrite arm spacings on the solidification thermal variables and on alloy solute content. The experimental data concerning the solidification of AI 5 and 9 wt % Si alloys were compared to the main predictive dendritic models in the literature. Experimental laws were set correlating experimental data obtained from mechanical tests and the dendritic microstructure / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
|
8 |
Formação de ligas na superfície de titânio por laser com adição de pós de cobre, nióbio e alumínio / Laser surface alloying of titanium with copper, niobium and aluminum powdersRodrigues, Adilson Vitor, 1988- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: João Batista Fogagnolo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T19:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Rodrigues_AdilsonVitor_M.pdf: 9962654 bytes, checksum: f1f7f3888d618e2a6c70858afd45723b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
|
9 |
Estudo da corrosão do aço inox AISI 304 em álcool etílico hidratado combustível / Study of corrosion of AISI 304 in hidrated alcohol fuelCosta, Rytney Santos 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Rodnei Bertazzoli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T09:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Costa_RytneySantos_D.pdf: 3018655 bytes, checksum: 4c710836a20f71e366fa51b7e28fddfe (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O Brasil, em busca de combustíveis alternativos, menos poluentes e com sustentabilidade econômica eficiente, apresentou uma solução para suas necessidades, acrescentando na sua matriz energética o etanol combustível e com isto, submeteu materiais metálicos dos sistemas veiculares e tanques de armazenamento de combustível a processos corrosivos. Aços inoxidáveis têm se mostrado uma alternativa viável, no entanto é necessário estudos para obter dados que permitam averiguar a suscetibilidade desse material a processos corrosivos neste novo meio. O enfoque deste trabalho é analisar os efeitos da corrosão do álcool etílico hidratado combustível (AEHC) sobre o aço inox AISI 304 nas condições de sobtensão e sem tensão, fundamentando-se na possível influência da corrosão nas propriedades mecânicas da liga. Foram realizados ensaios de imersão em longo prazo para avaliação de perda de massa e observação por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Paralelamente, amostras na forma de corpos de prova para ensaios de tração e fadiga, foram imersos no meio (AEHC) para avaliação dessas propriedades. Os resultados acusaram, a partir de 3456 horas de imersão, ganho de massa nas condições tensionadas e não tensionadas, sugerindo a ocorrência de passivação do metal. Imagens obtidas por MEV mostraram a formação de pites, cujo tamanho evoluiu em função do tempo de imersão. O ensaio eletroquímico com utilização arranjos de microeletrodos de diâmetros de 10, 20, 30, 100, 200 e 500 ?m acusou baixa corrente de corrosão. As propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração, limite de escoamento e deformação específica não se mostraram influenciáveis aos efeitos corrosivos do meio sobre a liga. O ensaio de fadiga, usando os parâmetros da distribuição de probabilidade de Weibull e a durabilidade característica (?), mostrou redução da resistência à fadiga da liga quando imersa em AEHC, evidenciando que o meio corrosivo, contendo cloreto, inicializou a nucleação de pites e potencializou a formação de trincas durante os ensaios de fadiga, favorecendo a redução do limite de resistência à fadiga do aço inox AISI 304 / Abstract: The Brazil, in search of alternative fuels, cleaner and with economic efficiency, presented a solution to their needs, adding its energy in the fuel ethanol and with that submitted materials of metal vehicle systems and storage tanks of fuel processes corrosive. Stainless steels have proven a viable alternative; however it is necessary studies to obtain data to determine the susceptibility of this material to corrosive processes in this new medium. The focus of this paper is to analyze the effects of corrosion of hydrous ethanol (AEHC) on AISI 304 stainless steel under conditions of tension and without tension, the ground of the possible influence of corrosion on the mechanical properties of the alloy. Immersion tests were conducted to evaluate long-term weight loss and observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel, samples as specimens for tensile and fatigue, were immersed in the medium (AEHC) for evaluation of these properties. The results showed, as of 3456 hours of immersion, the weight gain of not tensioned and stressed conditions, suggesting the occurrence of passivation of the metal. Images obtained by SEM showed the formation of pits whose size has evolved as a function of immersion time. The electrochemical assay using microelectrode arrays of diameters 10, 20, 30, 100, 200 and 500 ?m charged low-current corrosion. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, yield strength and strain specific were not influenced to the corrosive effects of the medium on the league. The fatigue test, using the parameters of the Weibull probability distribution and durability characteristic (?), showed a reduction in fatigue resistance of the alloy when immersed in AEHC, indicating that the corrosive medium, containing chloride, initiated the nucleation of pits and potentiated the formation of cracks during the fatigue tests, favoring the reduction of the fatigue endurance limit of stainless steel AISI 304 / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
|
10 |
Propriedades mecânicas e micromecanismos de fratura de corpos-de-prova usinados de rodas ferroviárias fundidas e forjadas / Mechanical properties and fracture micromechanisms of machined specimens from the cast and forged railway wheelsQueiroz, Syme Regina Souza 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Itamar Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Queiroz_SymeReginaSouza_D.pdf: 5101982 bytes, checksum: 1143c4b43c52ed713ed719367ce07ead (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A tendência mundial das estradas de ferro é utilizar carga elevada por vagão no transporte de produtos e alta velocidade no setor de passageiros. Em ambas as situações, as rodas ferroviárias são muito solicitadas mecanicamente e, em função disso, as propriedades mecânicas dessas rodas devem ser rigorosamente controladas, tendo em vista que as principais causas de acidentes envolvendo trincas nas rodas, ou a retirada da roda antes do final de sua vida, estão direta ou indiretamente associadas a baixos níveis de resistência mecânica, resistência à fadiga e tenacidade à fratura. O conhecimento do comportamento mecânico das rodas ferroviárias com base nas suas propriedades mecânicas é imprescindível para o projeto de rodas ferroviárias e para o aprimoramento de seu processo de fabricação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar e analisar a microestrutura, as propriedades mecânicas e os micromecanismos de fratura de cinco rodas ferroviárias, duas fundidas e três forjadas, a partir de corpos-de-prova usinados dos aros e discos dessas rodas. As propriedades mecânicas analisadas são as básicas (limite de escoamento, limite de resistência à tração, alongamento específico até à fratura, redução de área, dureza e energia de impacto Charpy), a resistência à fadiga e a tenacidade à fratura, de corpos-de-prova usinados das rodas ferroviárias. Além das microestruturas e das propriedades mecânicas, foram também caracterizados e analisados os micromecanismos de fratura dos corpos-de-prova dos ensaios de fadiga e impacto, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados dos ensaios indicam, em relação aos limites de escoamento e de resistência à tração, que não houve diferenças significativas entre as rodas fundidas e forjadas analisadas. Quanto à dureza (HRC), ductilidade (alongamento específico e redução de área) e tenacidade à fratura, as rodas forjadas apresentaram valores superiores. Em relação à resistência à fadiga, uma propriedade importante no caso de rodas ferroviárias, os corpos-de-prova usinados das rodas forjadas apresentaram melhores resultados em relação às rodas fundidas. Pode-se também concluir que, tanto para as propriedades mecânicas básicas e nobres como também para os micromecanismos de fratura, os resultados obtidos são compatíveis aos encontrados na literatura especializada, validando e comprovando que a metodologia de análise pode ser utilizada para melhorar os projetos e os processos de fabricação de rodas ferroviárias de aço fundidas e forjadas / Abstract: The word wide tendency of railroads is to use high load per wagon in cargo transport and high-speed in passenger sector. In both situations, the railway wheels are very mechanically requered, and as a result, the mechanical properties of these wheels should be controlled strictly in order that the main causes of accidents involving wheels cracks, or withdrawal of the wheel before end of its life, are directly or indirectly associated with low levels of strength, fatigue resistance and fracture toughness. Knowledge of the mechanical behavior of railway wheels based on their mechanical properties is essential for the design of railway wheels and the improvement of its manufacturing process. This work aims to characterize and analyze the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture micromechanisms of five railway wheels, two cast and three forged, from the machined specimens of the rim and web of these wheels. The analyzed mechanical properties are the basics (yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction in area, hardness and Charpy impact energy) the fatigue resistance and the fracture toughness, from the specimens machined of railway wheels. In addition to the microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized and analyzed the micromechanisms of fracture of the specimens of fatigue and impact tests, using scanning electron microscopy. The test results indicate, with respect to the yield strength and tensile strength, there were no significant differences between cast and forged wheels analyzed. The hardness (HRC), ductility (elongation and reduction in area) and fracture toughness of the forged wheels showed higher values. Regarding resistance to fatigue, an important property in the case of railway wheels, the forged wheels machined specimens shown better results compared to cast wheels. One can also conclude that, for both the basic and noble mechanical properties as well as for the micromechanisms of fracture, the results are compatible with those found in the literature, validating and verifying that the method of analysis can be used to improve the castings and forgings steel railway wheels and manufacturing processes and projects / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica
|
Page generated in 0.5429 seconds