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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Estudo do desempenho de componentes baseados em fibras Ãpticas especiais: fibras de cristal fotÃnico e de metamateriais e suas aplicaÃÃes em comunicaÃÃes / Study of performance of components based on fiber optics special: photonic crystal fiber and metamaterials and its applications in communications

Alex Sander Barros Queiroz 26 November 2015 (has links)
nÃo hà / Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo numÃrico do interferÃmetro de Sagnac baseado em cristais fotÃnicos e de acoplador Ãptico de metamaterial. Na simulaÃÃo do interferÃmetro foram analisados os efeitos da propagaÃÃo da luz, considerando-se a dispersÃo de velocidade de grupo (GVD) e de terceira ordem (TOD), espalhamento Raman intrapulso, auto-inclinaÃÃo (Self-steepening) e auto-modulaÃÃo de fase na equaÃÃo nÃo linear de SchrÃdinger generalizada. No primeiro momento foi realizado o estudo para quatro fatores de razÃo de divisÃo da potÃncia incidente em uma das portas do dispositivo e trÃs dimensÃes para o comprimento do anel do dispositivo. Para caracterizar o desempenho do sistema, foram analisadas as curvas de transmissÃo, taxa de extinÃÃo, crosstalk e fator de compressÃo do pulso transmitido. No segundo momento, foi verificada a performance do chaveamento nÃo-linear para obtenÃÃo de porta lÃgica sob ModulaÃÃo por Amplitude de Pulsos (PAM). Excitando-se as duas portas de entrada do dispositivo com nÃveis lÃgicos "0" e "1", observando o seu comportamento em uma das saÃdas do dispositivo. Inicialmente, variou-se o parÃmetro de ajuste da modulaÃÃo (|ε|), obtendo-se apenas a porta lÃgica OR. E, em uma segunda aplicaÃÃo, manteve-se o parÃmetro da modulaÃÃo fixa e variou-se a fase de uma das portas de entrada, de 0 a 2π rad, encontrando-se portas lÃgicas do tipo OR, AND e XOR. TambÃm foram estudadas as caracterÃsticas de um guia metamaterial que possui a parte real da permissividade elÃtrica e da permeabilidade magnÃtica negativas. Esse guia metamaterial à acoplado com um guia convencional, observando-se as caracterÃsticas de transmissÃo e potÃncia crÃtica desse tipo de acoplador e, comparando-se com um acoplador convencional. Para essa anÃlise foi utilizado um perfil de automodulaÃÃo decrescente linearmente com cinco valores mÃnimo, observando-se um comportamento de histerese. / In this paper we present a numerical study of the Sagnac interferometer based on photonic crystals and optical coupler metamaterial. In the simulation of the interferometer effects of light propagation were analyzed, considering the dispersion of the group velocity (GVD) and third order (TOD), intrapulse Raman scattering, self-slope (self-steepening) and self-modulation phase in the generalized non-linear SchrÃdinger equation. The first time the study was conducted for four power division ratio of factors incident in one of the device ports and three dimensions for the device ring length. To characterize the system performance, were analyzed the transmission curves, extinction ratio, crosstalk and compression factor of the transmitted pulse. In the second moment, the performance of the non-linear switching was observed for obtaining gate under Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). Exciting the two device input ports with logical levels "0" and "1", observing their behavior in one of the device outputs. Initially, the modulation is varied adjustment parameter (| ε |), obtaining only the logical OR gate. And in a second application, the fixed modulation parameter remained and was varied the phase of the input ports 0 to 2π rad, lying type logic gate OR, AND and XOR. The characteristics of a metamaterial guide that has the real part of electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability negatives were also studied. This metamaterial guide is coupled to a conventional guide, observing the transmission characteristics and critical power of this type of coupler and compared with a conventional coupler. For this analysis we used a decreasing automodulation profile linearly with five minimum, observing a hysteresis behavior.
282

Projeto, fabricação e caracterização experimental de metamateriais quirais para biossensoriamento na faixa de micro-ondas / Design, fabrication and experimental characterization of chiral metamaterials for biosensing applications in microwave regime

Leone Veiga Muniz 28 August 2013 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivos projetar, construir e caracterizar experimentalmente metamateriais quirais bi-planares para faixa de micro-ondas com o objetivo de investigar a rotação de campo como transdutor em aplicações de biossensoriamento. As estruturas metamateriais estudadas foram primeiramente modeladas e caracterizadas com o uso de aplicativos computacionais comerciais baseadas no método dos elementos finitos, onde os parâmetros geométricos das estruturas foram definidos para operarem na faixa de 8GHz a 12GHz. A partir dos projetos das estruturas simuladas, os metamateriais foram construídos e caracterizados experimentalmente. No estágio de fabricação, foi desenvolvida uma técnica inédita de confecção de metamateriais em placas de circuito impresso flexível. Esta técnica, baseada no processo tradicional de fabricação de placas de circuito impresso, utiliza uma combinação de filmes finos de alumínio e folhas plásticas adesivas flexíveis formando, assim, uma folha metalizada fina e flexível. Além de ser tão eficiente quanto o método convencional, a abordagem proposta utiliza materiais de baixo custo, podendo ser adaptada a outros substratos de qualquer material, formato e espessura. Também foram projetadas e construídas placas de metamateriais com geometrias similares via método tradicional (FR4 e cobre) com o objetivo de validar os procedimentos propostos neste trabalho. A caracterização experimental dos metamateriais quirais foi realizada, por meio de antenas cornetas e analisador de redes. As propriedades efetivas do meio (quiralidade, ângulo de azimute, elipticidade, e índice de refração) foram obtidas a partir dos parâmetros-S do material, por meio de um método de extração de parâmetros. Como esperado, os resultados experimentais tiveram boa concordância com os obtidos numericamente. Por fim, foi proposta uma aplicação de metamaterial quiral utilizando suas características de rotação de campo como transdutor para a medida de glicose em amostras aquosas. No experimento proposto, o ângulo de azimute de uma onda plana polarizada que atravessa o material foi obtido numericamente e sua rotação de campo foi diretamente correlacionada com a concentração de glicose. Os resultados indicaram uma elevada sensibilidade mesmo para baixas concentrações de glicose, demonstrando que a rotação de campo pode realmente ser utilizada para este propósito. / This work focus on the design, fabrication and experimental characterization of bi-planar chiral metamaterials in the microwave frequency range aiming at investigating field rotation as a possible transductor for biosensig applications. First, the metamaterial structures were simulated with commercial-based finite element methods, where the structures geometric parameters were defined to operate in the range of 8-12 GHz. Next, the metamaterials were fabricated and characterized experimentally. We have also developed a new technique for making metamaterials on flexible printed circuit boards. This proposed technique, based on traditional processes of printed circuit boards fabrication, utilizes combination of thin aluminum films and adhesive flexible plastic foils, thus forming a thin, flexible metallic foil. In addition to being as efficient as the conventional method, the proposed approach utilizes low cost materials with low insertion loss that can be adapted to substrates of any material, shape and thickness. We have also designed and fabricated metamaterials with similar geometries via the traditional circuit board method (FR4 and copper) in order to validate the procedures proposed in this work. The experimental characterization of the chiral metamaterials was carried out with antenna horns and a network analyzer. The effective medium parameters (chirality, azimuth angle, ellipticity, and refractive index) were then obtained from the Sparameters of the material via a parameter extraction method. The experimental results were in good agreement with those obtained numerically. Finally, we proposed a new chiral metamaterial application using its field rotation characteristics as a transductor for measuring glucose concentration in aqueous solutions. In the proposed experiment, the azimuth angle of a polarized plane wave propagating through the material was numerically calculeted and its polarization field rotation was directly correlated with the glucose concentration. The results indicated a very high sensitivity even for very low glucose concentrations, indicating that field rotation can indeed be used for this purpose.
283

Micro-concentrateurs de lumière à base de métamatériaux polymères pour la détection infrarouge / Wavelength-scale light concentrators made of polymer metamaterials for infrared applications

Moughames, Johnny 13 July 2016 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous développons des micro-concentrateurs de lumière en vue d’applications dans l’infrarouge. Les optiques, plates, de dimensions comparables à la longueur d’onde, sont formées d’une couche micronique de métamatériau, constituée de polymère structuré par des trous d’air. Une focalisation dans la zone de Fresnel des structures est recherchée en réalisant un gradient d’indice, obtenu en variant le diamètre des inclusions d’air (de λ//20 à λ/8). Des simulations électromagnétiques sont d’abord effectuées pour valider un design. La fabrication de ces concentrateurs repose sur la structuration d’une couche de photorésine à l’aide d’une technique de lithographie optique 3D à deux photons. Les mesures obtenues par l’imagerie infrarouge des structures montrent l’obtention d’une focalisation en accord avec les simulations pour un volume de concentrateur de 1,5 λ³, en dépit de l’absorption résiduelle de la résine choisie. Les structures proposées sont invariantes dans la direction axiale et peu épaisses, et peuvent donc être transférées dans d’autres types de matériaux ayant des indices de réfraction plus importants, comme le silicium. Les structures proposées peuvent également servir de plateforme pour réaliser un confinement sub-longueur d’onde par l’ajout d’antennes plasmoniques / In this thesis, we develop flat light concentrators for infrared applications. The structures have dimensions comparable with the wavelength and are made of a metamaterial layer (few microns) made of polymer with air holes inclusions. Light focusing in the Fresnel zone of the structures is achieved by a gradient index profile obained by chirping the holes diameter (from λ//20 to λ/8). Electromagnetic simulations are first performed to validate a design. The fabrication of these concentrators is then made by direct laser writing using a 3D two-photon lithography technique. Infrared imaging of the structures reveals a clear focusing of the infrared light for concentrators volume as small as 1,5 λ³, in agreement with the electromagnetic simulations. Considering that the metamaterial concentrator slabs are invariant in the axial direction and not too thick, similar structures can be transferred in transparent substrates such as silicon using deep reactive ion etching. A subwavelength light confinement can also be exploited by adding plasmonic antenna on the top surface of the flat concentrators
284

Metamaterials for surface plasmons / Métamatériaux pour les plasmons de surface

Kadic, Muamer 29 November 2011 (has links)
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse comporte différents attrayant sujetsde l'optique comme les métamatériaux, l’optique transformationnelle, lescristaux photoniques, la réfraction négative et les interactions thermoplasmoniques.Nous avons développé plusieurs métamatériaux pour les plasmons desurface basés sur l'optique de transformation. Tout d'abord, nous avonsdémontré théoriquement, numériquement et expérimentalement certainsdispositifs mettant en scène le phénomène d’invisibilité.Deuxièmement, nous avons démontré la réfraction négative des plasmonsde surface en utilisant le concept d'espace de pliage (space folding) pourdes lentilles plates et anisotropes et enfin avec seulement desmétamatériaux diélectriques. Additionnellement, nous avons démontréqu’un damier structuré de films d'or peut exhiber une transmission extraordinairesur toute la gamme de fréquences visible.Enfin, nous avons étudié un problème multiphysique en mixant l'optiqueet thermique et leurs effets induits. Nous avons pu montrer que joueravec l'amplitude d'une onde électromagnétique ou une impulsion, peutinduire un gradient de température et le contrôle parfait d’un tel dispositifthermo-plasmonique. / The work which has been presented in this thesis includes differentappealing subjects of optics such as metamaterials, transformationaloptics, photonic crystals, negative refraction and thermo-plasmonicinteractions. In this manuscript we have developed several metamaterialsfor Surface Plasmon Polaritons based on the transformational optics.Firstly we have demonstrated theoretically, numerically andexperimentally some SPP cloaking devices. Secondly, we havedemonstrated SPP negative refraction using the concept of space foldingthen with some dielectric metamaterial, flat and anisotropic SPP lenses.Additionaly we have demonstrated that subwavelength checkerboardstructured thick gold films have demonstrated an extra-ordinarytransmission over the visble range of frequencies.Finally, we have investigated a general multiphysics problem to mix opticsand thermally induced effects. We have been able to show that playingwith the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave or a pulse, we can inducea gradient of temperature and control heat of a plasmonic device.
285

Theorical and experimental study of plasmonic metamaterials for infrared application / Etude théorique et expérimentale de métamatériaux plasmiques pour l'application infrarouge

Omeis, Fatima 15 September 2017 (has links)
Le contrôle des ondes électromagnétiques joue un rôle fondamental dans les technologies photoniques actuelles. De nos jours, on assiste à une demande croissante de composants agiles capable d'absorber efficacement les ondes électromagnétiques dans divers gamme de fréquences. Habituellement, ces absorbeurs s'appuient sur les résonances plasmoniques qui apparaissent dans les métaux nobles dans la gamme visible. Cependant, l'extension des propriétés plasmoniques aux spectres infrarouge et THz nécessite des matériaux adéquats ayant un comportement métallique à ces fréquences. Dans ce travail, nous étudions numériquement et expérimentalement les structures métal-isolant-métal (MIM) réalisées à partir de semi-conducteur hautement dopé Si: InAsSb qui a un comportement métallique dans la gamme infrarouge. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons amélioré l'efficacité des résonateurs MIM en utilisant des métamatériaux hyperboliques qui miniaturisent les résonateurs. Dans la dernière partie, nous proposons un design universel ultra-mince qui permet de dépasser les contraintes associées au choix des matériaux et permettant la réalisation d'un absorbeur fonctionnant sur une gamme spectrale allant de l'infrarouge aux micro-onde. / The control of light absorbance plays a fundamental role in today's photonic technologies. And the urge to design and develop flexible structures that can absorb electromagnetic waves is very growing these days. Usually, these absorbers relies on plasmonic resonances that arise in noble metals in the visible range. However, the extension of the plasmonic properties to the infrared and THz spectra requires adequate materials that have a metallic behavior at these frequencies. In this work, we study numerically and experimentally the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures realized from highly doped semiconductor Si:InAsSb that has a metallic behavior in the infrared range. In the second, part we improved the efficiency of the MIM resonators by using hyperbolic metamaterials that also miniaturize the resonators. In the last part, we propose an ultra-thin universal design that overcomes the material barrier so that the total absorption can be achieved for different spectral ranges without changing the material.
286

Vers des métamatériaux intégrés à pertes compensées : modélisation / Towards integrated and loss-compensated metamaterials : modelling

Le Cunff, Loïc 24 November 2014 (has links)
Au cours des dernières décennies, les métamatériaux ont montré qu'ils pouvaient avoir des propriétés étonnantes, permettant d'imaginer et de réaliser des dispositifs tels que des lentilles à indice négatif, des dispositifs de camouflage ou des lentilles parfaitement plates. Aussi, font-ils aujourd'hui l'objet d'une intense recherche. Cette thèse, inscrite dans le projet ANR METAPHOTONIQUE, avait pour objectif principal d'étudier la possibilité d'utiliser des métamatériaux pour l'optique guidée à la longueur d'onde télécom. Ceci a requis une meilleure compréhension du comportement des métamatériaux, ce qui nous a orientés vers l'étude de modèles effectifs. La récupération des paramètres optiques effectifs a nécessité de pouvoir simuler la réponse des métamatériaux sous une illumination en incidence oblique, ce qui a requis l'implémentation de telles méthodes en FDTD. Aux cours de nos travaux, nous avons aussi mis en évidence un phénomène de rotation de la polarisation de modes guidés suite à leur interaction avec des métamatériaux asymétriques. Nous avons alors pu concevoir et caractériser un dispositif pour l'optique guidée destiné faire tourner la polarisation de la lumière sur une longueur deux fois plus courte que la longueur d'onde. Enfin, un objectif secondaire a été de déterminer si les pertes dues à la présence de nanostructures métalliques dans nos métamatériaux pouvaient être compensées grâce à l'utilisation de matériaux à gain. Un modèle permettant de décrire de tels matériaux en FDTD a donc été étudié et implémenté / Over the last decades, metamaterials have been shown to exhibit extraordinary properties. These properties could allow the design of new devices such as negative refractive index lenses, cloaking devices and perfectly flat lenses. This PhD is part of the ANR METAPHOTONIQUE project and its main objective was to study the potential of metamaterials for integrated photonics at telecommunication wavelengths. This required to first better understand the behavior of metamaterials, which led us to study effective index models. The retrieval of effective optical parameters required to be able to simulate the optical response of metamaterials under oblique incidence excitation. Due to this, we had to study and implement such methods for FDTD computations. Our work also showed that asymmetrical metamaterials possessed the ability to make the polarization of guided modes rotate. This allowed us to design and characterize a potential device for integrated photonics, which effectively converts the polarization of guided modes over lengths shorter than half the wavelength. A secondary goal of this PhD was to study the potential compensation of losses occuring within the metallic nanostructures of our metamaterials through the use of materials with gain. Thus, a model allowing us to simulate such materials in FDTD has been implemented
287

Conception et caractérisation de filtres et systèmes antennaires reconfigurables chargés par des résonateurs Métamateriaux sub-longueurs d’onde / Design and characterizationof filters and reconfigurable antenna systems loaded by metamaterial resonators

Lalj, Hicham 14 April 2014 (has links)
Les structures de base de méta-matériaux nourrissent une alternative technologique prometteuse qui vise à répondre à de nouvelles contraintes de miniaturisation et de performances radioélectriques des systèmes reconfigurables à bas coût.Les travaux de cette thèse reposent sur l’association des cellules Métamateriaux unitaires sub-longueurs d’ondes miniatures et agiles, selon des conditions d’excitation électromagnétique en champ proche, à des dispositifs micro-ondes planaires afin de réaliser de nouvelles structures de filtres et de systèmes antennaires reconfigurables.Après une présentation de l’état de l’art, sur à la fois le concept des Métamateriaux micro-ondes et des modèles de filtres et d’antennes à base des Métamateriaux, nos travaux proposent ensuite sur quatre orientations. La première a trait à l’ingénierie de conception et de simulation électromagnétique des cellules unitaires Métamateriaux, ainsi qu’à l’étude de la miniaturisation et de l’agilité des paramètres électriques.La deuxième orientation est consacrée à la réalisation de nouveaux modèles de filtres agiles basés sur le chargement d’une ligne microruban par des résonateurs sub-longueurs d’onde. Deux modèles de filtres sont développés et validés expérimentalement. Le premier concerne un filtre coupe bande basée sur l’association d’une ligne microruban à des résonateurs de type SRR. Selon le même modèle, un filtre passe bande basé sur une ligne microruban associée à deux cellules résonantes à deux fréquences différentes est proposé. Le deuxième modèle concerne un filtre coupe bande à base d’une ligne microruban chargée par des cellules CSRR, une étude de miniaturisation de ce modèle a été présentée et utilise aussi bien l’optimisation des paramètres géométriques qu’électriques ; un facteur de réduction de 5 est obtenu par rapport au filtre coupe bande de base. Les techniques d’agilité étudiées sont basées sur le chargement de la cellule par des éléments électroniques actifs tels que les diodes PIN et Varactor qui sont logés en des positions appropriées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une variation intéressante des paramètres du filtre en fonction de la tension de polarisation des diodes.La troisième orientation de la thèse vise à introduire de nouveaux modèles d’association en champ proche entre une antenne monopole ULB et des cellules Métamateriaux de type SRR et CSRR. Ces nouveaux modèles ont pour objectif de répondre à des verrous technologiques en termes de reconfigurabilité spectrale tout en préservant le caractère faible encombrement de l’antenne. Le premier modèle proposé concerne une antenne monopole associée à des cellules SRR imprimées sur le substrat à proximité de la ligne d’alimentation de l’antenne. Les résultats théoriques et expérimentaux confirment le comportement coupe bande autour de la fréquence de résonance de la cellule, et une stabilité des performances de rayonnement sur le reste de la bande passante de l’antenne de référence. Pour Le deuxième modèle, le monopole rayonnant est directement chargé par les cellules SRR et CSRR. Après optimisation des conditions d’alimentation des cellules, les résultats de simulation confirment à la fois le comportement coupe bande autour de la fréquence de résonance de la cellule et la stabilité de rayonnement.La dernière orientation concerne la réalisation de deux nouveaux systèmes antennaires à multi contraintes fréquentielles, pour le besoin de la Radio cognitive. Le premier système est basé sur une antenne monopole et des cellules SRR agiles. Les résultats de mesure et de simulation ont montré l’obtention d’un comportement ULB avec des deux bandes filtrées reconfigurables. Le deuxième nouveau système tente de répondre aux exigences antennaires de la technologie radio cognitive. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus ont montré une flexibilité de passage du mode antenne-capteur (ULB) à une antenne de communication à bande étroite reconfigurable. / The basic structures of metamaterial nourish a promising alternative technology, which aims to meet new demands of miniaturization and performance of reconfigurable radio systems. The work of this thesis based on the combination of miniature and agile cells, according to excitation conditions in the near-field electromagnetic, and a planar microwave devices to achieve a new structure of filters and reconfigurable antenna systems. After a presentation of the state of the art, on both the concept of metamaterial microwave and models of filters and antennas based on metamaterial, our work then propose four orientations. The first relates to the engineering design and simulation of electromagnetic metamaterial unit cells, and the study of miniaturization and agility of the electrical parameters. The second orientation is devoted to the realization of new models of filters based on loading the microstrip line with metamaterial resonators. Two filter models are developed and validated experimentally. The first concerns a band stop filter based on the combination of a microstrip line and SRR resonator. According to the same model, a band-pass filter based on a microstrip line associated with two cells in two different resonant frequencies is proposed. The second model provides a band stop filter based on a microstrip line loaded with CSRR cells, a study miniaturization of this model was presented and used both geometric and electrical optimization of parameters. The agility techniques studied are based on the loading of the cell by active electronic elements such as PIN and varactor diodes which are inserted in appropriate positions. The obtained results showed an interesting variation of the filter parameters. The third focus of the thesis is to introduce new models of association in the near-field, between UWB monopole antenna and metamaterial. The first model relates a monopole antenna associated with SRR cells printed in the substrate close to the excitation line of the antenna. The theoretical and experimental results confirm the behavior stop band around the cell resonance frequency, and a stable performance of radiation in the rest of the reference antenna bandwidth. For the second model the monopole is loaded by the SRRs CSRRs cells. After optimization of the cells excitation conditions, the simulation results confirm both the stop band behavior around the cell resonance frequency and the stability of the radiation pattern. The latest orientation concerns the realization of two new antenna systems with multi frequency constraints for cognitive radio application. The first system is based on a monopole antenna and tunable SRRs cells. The measurement and simulation results show a UWB behavior with two reconfigurable and controllable filtered bands. The second new systems tempt to reply the antennas systems requirements used in the cognitive radio. All results showed a flexibility of switching from antenna-sensor (ULB) to a communication antenna with tunable and controllable narrow band.
288

Microwave oscillator with phase noise reduction using nanoscale technology for wireless systems

Aqeeli, Mohammed Ali M. January 2015 (has links)
This thesis introduces, for the first time, a novel 4-bit, metal-oxide-metal (MOM) digital capacitor switching array (MOMDCSA) which has been implemented into a wideband CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for 5 GHz WiMAX/WLAN applications. The proposed MOMDCSA is added both in series and parallel to nMOS varactors. For further gain linearity, a wider tuning range and minor phase noise variations, this varactor bank is connected in parallel to four nMOS varactor pairs, each of which is biased at a different voltage. Thus, VCO tuning gain reduces and optimal phase noise variation is obtained across a wide range of frequencies. Based on this premise, a wideband VCO is achieved with low phase noise variation of less than 4.7 dBc/Hz. The proposed VCO has been designed using UMC 130 nm CMOS technology. It operates from 3.45 GHz to 6.23 GHz, with a phase noise of -133.80 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, a figure of merit (FoM) of -203.5 dBc/Hz. A novel microstrip low-phase noise oscillator is based on a left-handed (LH) metamaterial bandpass filter which is embedded in the feedback loop of the oscillator. The oscillator is designed at a complex quality factor Qsc peak frequency, to achieve excellent phase noise performance. At a centre frequency of 2.05 GHz, the reported oscillator demonstrates, experimentally, a phase noise of -126.7 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz frequency offset and a FoM of -207.2 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz frequency offset. The increasing demands have been placed on the electromagnetic compatibility performance of VCO devices is crucial. Therefore, this thesis extends the potential of highly flexible and conductive graphene laminate to the application of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Graphene nanoflake-based conductive ink is printed on paper, and then it is compressed to form graphene laminate with a conductivity of 0.43×105 S/m. Shielding effectiveness is experimentally measured at above 32 dB as being between 12GHz and 18GHz, even though the thickness of the graphene laminate is only 7.7µm. This result demonstrates that graphene has great potential for offering lightweight, low-cost, flexible and environmentally friendly shielding materials which can be extended to offering required shielding from electromagnetic interference (EMI), not only for VCO phase noise optimisation, but also for sensitive electronic devices.
289

Studie šíření elektromagnetické vlny v heterogenních strukturách / Electroamgnetic wave propagation study in heterogeneous structures

Nešpor, Dušan January 2010 (has links)
The sight of work is study form high frequency electromagnetic wave in inhomogeneous materials. The main are refractions and reflection on boundary of materials with different properties and form electromagnetic wave in periodic structure. The work contain analytic and numeric solution. The numeric solution was realized in program COMSOL.
290

Circuit-tunable subwavelength terahertz devices / Dispositifs terahertz sub-longueur d'onde accordables par des composants discrets

Paulillo, Bruno 21 June 2016 (has links)
La demande croissante en composants optoélectroniques de taille réduite, rapides, de faible puissance et à faible coût oriente la recherche vers des sources et détecteurs de radiation ayant une dimension inférieure à la longueur d'onde émise/détectée. Cette dernière est entravée par la limite de diffraction qui fixe la dimension minimale des dispositifs optiques à la moitié de la longueur d'onde de fonctionnement. A l'inverse, les dispositifs électroniques, tels que les antennes et les oscillateurs, ne sont pas limitée en taille et leur fréquence peut être accordée par des composants discrets. Par conséquent, unifier les mondes de la photonique et de l'électronique permettrait de concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs optoélectroniques sans limitation de taille imposée par la longueur d'onde et ayant des fonctionnalités empruntées aux circuits électroniques. La région spectrale idéale pour développer ce paradigme est la gamme térahertz (THz), à mi-chemin entre les domaines de l'électronique et de l'optique. Dans la première partie de ces travaux, nous présentons de nouveaux micro-résonateurs sub-longueur d’onde en 3D qui fonctionnent comme des circuits LC microscopiques et où la fréquence de résonance peut être accordée en agissant séparément sur la région capacitive et/ou inductive. Dans la deuxième partie, nous illustrons la puissance de cette approche en réalisant de nouveaux méta-dispositifs THz passifs (polaritoniques, commutables optiquement, optiquement actifs) basés sur des composants discrets. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée aux méta-dispositifs actifs. Des photodétecteurs THz à puits quantiques ayant une dimension ≈λ eff /10, en configuration objet unique et réseau sont démontrées, grâce à un schéma de contact efficace et originale pour extraire (injecter) un courant depuis (dans) le cœur semi-conducteur intégré dans chaque résonateur. Enfin, une étude de faisabilité d'un laser sub-longueur d’onde aux fréquences THz est présentée. / The need for small, fast, low-power and low-cost optoelectronic components is driving the research towards radiation sources and detectors having a dimension that is smaller than the emitted/detected wavelength. This is hampered by the optical diffraction limit which constrains the minimum dimension of optical devices at half the operating wavelength. Conversely, electronic devices, such as antennas and oscillating circuits, are not diffraction-limited in size and can be frequency tuned with lumped components. Hence, blending the worlds of photonics and electronics has the potential to enable novel optoelectronic devices with no lower size limit imposed by the wavelength, and with novel functionalities borrowed from electronic circuits. The ideal spectral region to develop this paradigm is the terahertz (THz) range, halfway between the electronics and optics realms. In the first part of this work, we present novel subwavelength 3D micro-resonators that behave as microscopic LC circuits, where the resonant frequency can be tuned acting separately on the capacitive and/or inductive regions. In the second part we illustrate the power of this concept by implementing novel lumped-elements-based passive THz meta-devices (polaritonic, optically switchable, optically active). The last part of this thesis is devoted to active meta-devices. Single-pixel and arrays of THz quantum well photodetectors featuring a ≈λeff/10 dimension are demonstrated, thanks also to an effective and original contact scheme to extract (inject) current from (into) the semiconductor core embedded by each resonator. Finally, a feasibility study of a subwavelength laser at THz frequencies is reported.

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