Tyrimo objektas – jėgos rodikliai įtakojantys sportinį rezultatą plaukime. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti kai kurių jėgos komponentų įtaką sportiniam rezultatui plaukime. Uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti plaukikų raumenų aktyvavimo ir jėgos pasireiškimo ypatybes plaukimo judesiuose. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo moterų plaukikių peties išorinio ir vidinio sukimo jėgos komponentus esant kampiniui greičiui 60 ° / s. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo vyrų plaukikų peties išorinio ir vidinio sukimo jėgos komponentus esant kampiniui greičiui 60 ° / s. 4. Išaiškinti skirtingo meistriškumo plaukikų raumenų disbalanso rodiklius. Hipotezė - didelio meistriškumo plaukikų dinaminių (jėga, galingumas) charakteristikų rezultatai yra aukštesni nei vidutinio meistriškumo plaukikų. Išvados: 1. Mokslininkai tyrinėję raumenų funkcijas plaukimo metu išskiria šias ypatybes: 1.1 Plaukiko judesių visumoje išskiriami 48 labiausiai reikšmingi raumenys, kurių tarpe pagrindinės raumenų grupės padedančios plaukikui judėti į priekį yra kaklo, rankų, liemens bei kojų raumenys, kurių funkciniam parengtumui turi būti skiriama daugiausia dėmesio. 1.2 Plaukime yra išskiriamos 4 plaukimo jėgos pasireiškimo formos: maksimalioji jėga, staigioji jėga, greitumo jėga bei ištvermės jėga. Kiekvienoje atskirai paimtoje plaukimo distancijoje šių jėgos parsireiškimo formų reikšmingumas yra savitas. 2. Didesnio meistriškumo moterų plaukikių peties išorinio ir vidinio sukimo jėgos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object – strength factors that have influence on the sport results in swimming. The aim of the research – to examine some of the strength components which have an influence on the results in swimming. Tasks: 1. Identify the swimmer's muscle activation and the force characteristics in the swimming movements. 2. To identify and compare the different levels of swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation force components at angular speed of 60 °/s. 3. To identify and compare the different levels of swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation force components at angular speed of 60 °/s. 4. To clarify the different levels of swimmers muscles imbalance rates. Hypothesis – Higher skill swimmers dynamic (force, power) characteristics are better than the lower - skill swimmers. Conclusions: 1. Researchers have explored muscle function at swimming movements distinguishes these features: 1.1 In swimmer’s movements there are 48 most important muscles groups, including: neck, arms, torso and leg muscles which help swimmer’s to move forward. 1.2 Swimming distinguished 4 swimming force application forms: peak strength, explosive power, speed and strength endurance strength. Those forces have different impact on every different swimming distance. 2. Higher level women swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation strength ratios are better than lower-skill swimmers. 3. Higher level men swimmers shoulder external and internal rotation strength ratios are better than... [to full text]

O aumento das exigências ambientais pela sociedade, mercado e legislação vem forçando os acadêmicos a buscarem formas de reduzir os impactos ambientais do produto durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. A integração de ferramentas de ecodesign no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) visa melhorar os requisitos ambientais do produto sem comprometer o seu desempenho, custo e características. Apesar dessa tendência, as estruturas de PDP não incorporam práticas ambientais de forma adequada. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva integrar práticas de ecodesign em uma estrutura de PDP. Para atingir esse propósito foi empregada uma análise sistemática da literatura mesclando técnicas de análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais, diagramas, mapeamento de 154 métodos de ecodesign, análise das características e questões ambientais de 80 estruturas de PDP e sistematização de 365 aspectos ambientais no PDP. Os resultados demonstram que as estruturas de PDP não enfatizam as fases de pré-desenvolvimento e pós-desenvolvimento que têm importância para redução do impacto ambiental. Portanto, foi elaborada uma proposta detalhada de integração analisando as características e contribuição de cada aspecto ambiental para minimizar o impacto ambiental do produto e sua relação com a função de cada tarefa do PDP. Na avaliação da proposta, verificou-se que nas fases de projeto conceitual e projeto detalhado houve menor aceitação quanto ao momento da integração dos aspectos ambientais, devido à interface dessas fases. Já no planejamento estratégico de projetos, planejamento de projeto e projeto informacional ocorreu desvio padrão alto nas notas, indicando divergência de opinião dos especialistas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que esse trabalho engloba um conjunto de práticas de ecodesign para suportar a tomada de decisão no PDP com objetivo de reduzir o impacto ambiental do produto durante todo o ciclo de vida. / The society, market and legislation demands for sustainability have grown then academics have to revisit the issue and to search for ways to reduce the environmental impact of the product during its life cycle. The integration of ecodesign tools in the Product Development Process (PDP) aiming at the improvement the product environmental requirements without compromising its performance, cost or characteristics. However, in spite of this tendency, the structures of PDP still do not incorporate environmental practices in their activities in a proper manner. Therefore, the proposal of this work is integrating ecodesign practices in the tasks of PDP structure. To achieve this purpose was used the systematic literature review linking techniques such as bibliometric and social networking analysis, diagrams, mapping 154 ecodesign methods, analysis of the characteristics and environmental issues of 80 PDP structures and systematization of 365 environmental aspects in the PDP. The results demonstrate that the PDP structures do not emphasize the phases of pre-development and post-development that are important to reduce environmental impact. Therefore, a detailed proposal for integration was developed by analyzing the characteristics and contribution of each environmental aspect to minimize the environmental impact of the product and its relation to the function of each task of the PDP. In assessing the proposal, it was found that the phases of conceptual design and detailed design were less accepted about time of integration of environmental aspects, due to the interface of these phases. In the strategic planning of projects, project planning and informational project were a high standard deviation in the experts evaluation, indicating divergence of opinion on the theme. In conclusion, this work includes a set of ecodesign practices to support decision making in the PDP in order to reduce the environmental impact of the product throughout its life cycle.

O uso de gestão visual, por meio de painéis físicos, é um diferencial do gerenciamento ágil de projetos. Os quadros servem de suporte para o trabalho colaborativo, permitindo que artefatos e indicadores sejam criados de maneira participativa e sejam divulgados de forma a motivar a comunicação, com uso de quadros brancos e recados autocolantes. Apesar dos argumentos sobre vantagens para a interação da equipe, há várias inconveniências nessa forma de armazenar as informações do projeto, como a perda de dados históricos. Por outro lado, vivencia-se a popularização de tecnologias que permitem a interação entre usuários, mediadas por painéis digitais touchscreen. Essa tecnologia pode substituir os painéis físicos com significativa ampliação de recursos. Este trabalho propõe uma interface original, de forma a combinar a simplicidade dos quadros físicos com as funcionalidades dos softwares de gerenciamento de projetos, segundo as diretrizes identificadas na teoria do gerenciamento de projetos, tanto na abordagem ágil como na tradicional e especialmente projetada para explorar recursos presentes em painéis digitais. Emprega-se uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática para demonstrar o estado da arte sobre softwares de gerenciamento de projetos e outra revisão bibliográfica para reunir as recomendações para projetos de interface em painéis digitais e interação usuário-computador, com a finalidade de construir a proposta. Em seguida, avalia a usabilidade dessa nova interface, comparando-a, por meio de experimentos, com o uso de softwares tradicionais de gerenciamento de projetos e softwares de gerenciamento ágil, voltados para o uso em desktop. Os resultados indicam que a nova interface gera uma maior satisfação para o usuário. A contribuição original está na interface apresentada, mostrando que há um espaço para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos na área de softwares de gerenciamento de projetos, englobando novas formas de interação e uso de novos dispositivos. / The use of physical boards with stickers to visual management is a differential of agile project management. This kind of artifact serves as a support for collaborative work allowing the creation of indicators in a participatory way in order to motivate the communication. There are several drawbacks in this way to store project information despite the arguments about advantages for team interaction with physical boards, such as the loss of historical data. On the other hand, the popularization of technologies that enable interaction between users, like digital touchscreen panels, grows. This technology can replace the physical boards with a significant expansion of resources. This paper proposes an original interface in order to combine the simplicity of the physical boards with the features of project management software tool, according to the guidelines identified in the theory of agile project management (PM) and traditional PM. It was specially designed to exploit resources present in digital panels. This research combines a systematic literature review to demonstrate the state of the art on project management software tool and a literature review to gather recommendations for interface design in digital dashboards and user-computer interaction in order to build the proposal. Then, the usability of this new interface was evaluates, comparing it with the traditional project management software tool and agile project management software tool, through experiment. The results indicate that the new interface generates greater satisfaction to the project management team. The original contribution is the interface presented showing that there is a space for the development of new studies in the area of project management software tool, embracing new forms of interaction and use of new devices.

O uso de gestão visual, por meio de painéis físicos, é um diferencial do gerenciamento ágil de projetos. Os quadros servem de suporte para o trabalho colaborativo, permitindo que artefatos e indicadores sejam criados de maneira participativa e sejam divulgados de forma a motivar a comunicação, com uso de quadros brancos e recados autocolantes. Apesar dos argumentos sobre vantagens para a interação da equipe, há várias inconveniências nessa forma de armazenar as informações do projeto, como a perda de dados históricos. Por outro lado, vivencia-se a popularização de tecnologias que permitem a interação entre usuários, mediadas por painéis digitais touchscreen. Essa tecnologia pode substituir os painéis físicos com significativa ampliação de recursos. Este trabalho propõe uma interface original, de forma a combinar a simplicidade dos quadros físicos com as funcionalidades dos softwares de gerenciamento de projetos, segundo as diretrizes identificadas na teoria do gerenciamento de projetos, tanto na abordagem ágil como na tradicional e especialmente projetada para explorar recursos presentes em painéis digitais. Emprega-se uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática para demonstrar o estado da arte sobre softwares de gerenciamento de projetos e outra revisão bibliográfica para reunir as recomendações para projetos de interface em painéis digitais e interação usuário-computador, com a finalidade de construir a proposta. Em seguida, avalia a usabilidade dessa nova interface, comparando-a, por meio de experimentos, com o uso de softwares tradicionais de gerenciamento de projetos e softwares de gerenciamento ágil, voltados para o uso em desktop. Os resultados indicam que a nova interface gera uma maior satisfação para o usuário. A contribuição original está na interface apresentada, mostrando que há um espaço para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos na área de softwares de gerenciamento de projetos, englobando novas formas de interação e uso de novos dispositivos. / The use of physical boards with stickers to visual management is a differential of agile project management. This kind of artifact serves as a support for collaborative work allowing the creation of indicators in a participatory way in order to motivate the communication. There are several drawbacks in this way to store project information despite the arguments about advantages for team interaction with physical boards, such as the loss of historical data. On the other hand, the popularization of technologies that enable interaction between users, like digital touchscreen panels, grows. This technology can replace the physical boards with a significant expansion of resources. This paper proposes an original interface in order to combine the simplicity of the physical boards with the features of project management software tool, according to the guidelines identified in the theory of agile project management (PM) and traditional PM. It was specially designed to exploit resources present in digital panels. This research combines a systematic literature review to demonstrate the state of the art on project management software tool and a literature review to gather recommendations for interface design in digital dashboards and user-computer interaction in order to build the proposal. Then, the usability of this new interface was evaluates, comparing it with the traditional project management software tool and agile project management software tool, through experiment. The results indicate that the new interface generates greater satisfaction to the project management team. The original contribution is the interface presented showing that there is a space for the development of new studies in the area of project management software tool, embracing new forms of interaction and use of new devices.

O aumento das exigências ambientais pela sociedade, mercado e legislação vem forçando os acadêmicos a buscarem formas de reduzir os impactos ambientais do produto durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. A integração de ferramentas de ecodesign no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) visa melhorar os requisitos ambientais do produto sem comprometer o seu desempenho, custo e características. Apesar dessa tendência, as estruturas de PDP não incorporam práticas ambientais de forma adequada. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva integrar práticas de ecodesign em uma estrutura de PDP. Para atingir esse propósito foi empregada uma análise sistemática da literatura mesclando técnicas de análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais, diagramas, mapeamento de 154 métodos de ecodesign, análise das características e questões ambientais de 80 estruturas de PDP e sistematização de 365 aspectos ambientais no PDP. Os resultados demonstram que as estruturas de PDP não enfatizam as fases de pré-desenvolvimento e pós-desenvolvimento que têm importância para redução do impacto ambiental. Portanto, foi elaborada uma proposta detalhada de integração analisando as características e contribuição de cada aspecto ambiental para minimizar o impacto ambiental do produto e sua relação com a função de cada tarefa do PDP. Na avaliação da proposta, verificou-se que nas fases de projeto conceitual e projeto detalhado houve menor aceitação quanto ao momento da integração dos aspectos ambientais, devido à interface dessas fases. Já no planejamento estratégico de projetos, planejamento de projeto e projeto informacional ocorreu desvio padrão alto nas notas, indicando divergência de opinião dos especialistas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que esse trabalho engloba um conjunto de práticas de ecodesign para suportar a tomada de decisão no PDP com objetivo de reduzir o impacto ambiental do produto durante todo o ciclo de vida. / The society, market and legislation demands for sustainability have grown then academics have to revisit the issue and to search for ways to reduce the environmental impact of the product during its life cycle. The integration of ecodesign tools in the Product Development Process (PDP) aiming at the improvement the product environmental requirements without compromising its performance, cost or characteristics. However, in spite of this tendency, the structures of PDP still do not incorporate environmental practices in their activities in a proper manner. Therefore, the proposal of this work is integrating ecodesign practices in the tasks of PDP structure. To achieve this purpose was used the systematic literature review linking techniques such as bibliometric and social networking analysis, diagrams, mapping 154 ecodesign methods, analysis of the characteristics and environmental issues of 80 PDP structures and systematization of 365 environmental aspects in the PDP. The results demonstrate that the PDP structures do not emphasize the phases of pre-development and post-development that are important to reduce environmental impact. Therefore, a detailed proposal for integration was developed by analyzing the characteristics and contribution of each environmental aspect to minimize the environmental impact of the product and its relation to the function of each task of the PDP. In assessing the proposal, it was found that the phases of conceptual design and detailed design were less accepted about time of integration of environmental aspects, due to the interface of these phases. In the strategic planning of projects, project planning and informational project were a high standard deviation in the experts evaluation, indicating divergence of opinion on the theme. In conclusion, this work includes a set of ecodesign practices to support decision making in the PDP in order to reduce the environmental impact of the product throughout its life cycle.

L’environnement socio-économique actuel se caractérise, en particulier, par une concurrence de plus en plus forte entre les entreprises et des marchés en rapide évolution, obligeant ainsi ces entreprises à innover afin de pérenniser leurs activités. L’innovation reste cependant complexe et difficile à mettre en place notamment pour les entreprises qui souhaitent diversifier leurs innovations et ne plus se limiter uniquement aux innovations d’ordre technique. Ainsi, certaines d’entre elles choisissent de mettre en place une démarche d’innovation centrée sur leurs utilisateurs/clients. Cette approche reste assez peu étudiée, notamment pour les entreprises industrielles ; il apparaît dès lors comme nécessaire de s'interroger sur le déploiement d’une telle démarche. C’est dans ce cadre que se situe notre problématique de recherche que nous pouvons formuler ainsi : « Comment favoriser la mise en place d’une démarche d’innovation centrée utilisateur/client au sein d’une entreprise industrielle internationale positionnée sur un marché B2B ? » Nos travaux ont été conduits au sein d’un sous-traitant automobile français positionné sur un marché B2B international. Quatre contributions majeures ressortent de nos travaux de recherche : (i) une description des typologies d’innovation déjà mises en place au sein de cette entreprise, considérée comme assez représentative des entreprises industrielles positionnées sur un marché B2B ; (ii) une définition du processus d’innovation centrée utilisateur/client pour l’entreprise et plus particulièrement des premières phases de ce dernier où les utilisateurs/clients sont les plus impliqués ; (iii) une proposition de méthodes et outils favorisant la mise en place d’une démarche d’innovation centrée utilisateur/client ; (iv) une validation de l’efficacité de la démarche mise en place avec ces outils associés. Ces contributions nous ont permis de répondre à notre problématique de recherche et de participer ainsi au soutien de la mise en place d’une démarche d’innovation centrée utilisateur/client au sein d’une entreprise internationale positionnée sur un marché B2B. / The current socio-economic environment is particularly characterized by a growing competition between companies and rapidly changing markets, forcing companies to innovate in order to maintain their activities. However, innovation remains complex and difficult to implement, especially for companies wishing to diversify their innovations and no longer be limited to technical innovations. Thus, some of them choose to implement an innovation approach focused on their users/customers. This approach remains relatively little studied, especially for manufacturing companies; therefore, it seems to be necessary to wonder about the deployment of such an approach. In this context, our research problematic can be expressed as follows: "How to support the setting-up of an innovation approach led by user/customer within an international manufacturing company positioned on a B2B market?” Our work was conducted in a French automotive subcontractor positioned on an international B2B market. Four major contributions emerge from our research: (i) a description of the typologies of innovation already implemented within this company, considered as fairly representative of manufacturing companies positioned on a B2B market; (ii) a definition of the process of innovation led by user/customer for the company, and more particularly the early phases of the process where users/customers are the most involved; (iii) a proposition of methods and tools that favor the setting-up of an innovation approach led by user/customer; (iv) a validation of the effectiveness of the set up approach with the associated tools. These contributions allowed us to respond to our research problem and thus participated in supporting the setting-up of an innovation approach led by user/customer within an international manufacturing company positioned on a B2B market.

This thesis aims to increase knowledge about the usage and relevance of Project Management (PM) methods and tools within start-up companies, with regard to the previous work experience of the entrepreneur. The underdeveloped connection of PM and entrepreneurship will be further explored by following the research question proposed below that guides the study. What PM methods and tools do entrepreneurs apply in the process of launching the business versus the operation of the start-up, especially considering their previous work experience and contact with PM? In order to answer the proposed research question and pursue the set objectives, the thesis is structured as follows. First, the methodology within this study is represented in theoretical and practical form in chapter 2 and 4. Furthermore, the theoretical context in the field is summarized in chapter 3. The topics of traditional PM and agile PM (APM) with their characteristics and tools are portrayed; especially the latter is extensively presented in chapter 3.2 due to the need of flexibility and adaptability in the highly dynamic business environment nowadays, as well as the strong connection between APM and the IT development sector. Existing theories about the topics of entrepreneurship and start-ups are described in the subsequent chapter, whereby a focus is set on the entrepreneur itself and his or her previous work experience. To summarize the existing theory in the fields of PM and entrepreneurship a conceptual framework was created by the researchers of this study in chapter 3.4, which also serves to represent the findings of the study in the concluding chapter. The empirical findings, which are presented in chapter 5, were organized in chronological order of the conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with software development start-ups in Sweden. Valuable results for the research areas of entrepreneurship and PM, as well as for the practical usage in those fields could be generated. The summarized results of this qualitative study are summarized and presented in chapter 6, titled empirical analysis. The authors found out that the majority of the contacted start-ups did not plan a lot in the launching phase of the business, in fact, they did not apply specific PM tools. While the business was growing, so did its complexity, which is why the need for applying PM tools became more present. Even though no clear connection between the previous work experience of the entrepreneur and the applied PM tools could be established, it was noticeable that prior exposure to PM made the entrepreneurs more aware of the methods and tools. They specifically looked for some and used them more knowingly. Further drivers for choosing a PM method and tools were recommendations and personal research. Next to the stage and scale of the business, especially the team size, the location of the team members and their familiarity with each other appeared to influence the decision on using specific tools tremendously. In general, it could be detected in this study, that the APM framework was commonly recognized as highly valuable for start-ups and many of the respondents already follow it or want to do so in the future. Moreover, primarily only one or very few tools were applied within the start-ups to not lose track of the business development and keep everything concise.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of packaging management. Using methods employed in logistics and modeling tool ARIS, the analysis will examine the current situation and its related problem areas. Subsequently, there will be designed such a management concept that would eliminate these areas in order to make the management process streamline, automate and to lead to overall reduction in logistics costs.

<p>  </p> <p>Although airports of all sizes have incorporated sustainability practices into planning, there is a gap in literature concerning the impacts of sustainability initiatives on airport operations and stakeholders. This multiple case study sought to explore the impact assessment methods used by six small hub airports (cases) that received the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airport sustainability Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grants to prepare airport sustainability planning documents.</p> <p>The objective of the study was twofold. The first objective was to gain in-depth understanding of sustainability metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and sustainability impact assessment methods and tools used by small hub airports. The second objective was to develop a preliminary framework for assessing the impacts of sustainability initiatives in airports. Three types of data were collected airport sustainability planning documents, archival records, and interviews with 14 airport executives and two airport planning consultants. Sustainability planning processes, sustainability assessment methods and tools, and sustainability metrics and KPIs were identified from data for each case and compared to one of the most comprehensive industry-specific airport sustainability rating systems, the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) <em>Report 119: Protype Airport Sustainability Rating System: Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options</em>. Interview responses from airport executives and consultants were used to corroborate information in the sustainability planning documents.</p> <p>The findings of this study showed more commonalities than differences in the approaches to sustainability impact assessment by the six small hub airports in this study. Commonalities were evident in the criteria for selecting sustainability initiatives, indicating that cost and return on investment were the major factors. In addition, small hub airports in this study reported similar challenges on tracking sustainability metrics and KPIs, indicating that more work is needed in this area. The differences noted were driven by airport operating conditions such as geographical location and local community goals. </p>

This master’s thesis deals with a problems of value management as a comprehensive innovative tool designed to enable the company to achieve competitiveness in all its activities, increase productivity and maximize progress towards the objectives set by using minimum resources. Describes the use of values-based approach and its methods, disciplines and application tools. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to establish a common basis for company management, which could successfully implement and apply the value management in practice.