Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os processos de migrações pendulares verificados entre os municípios pertencentes à Região Metropolitana de Manaus. Para isto buscaremos compreender como se deu o processo de constituição desta região, bem como a relação de sua criação com a lógica de criação de Regiões Metropolitanas no Brasil. Duas de suas características que a colocam em situação de diferença é, em princípio, sua dimensão, 101.475 Km², e sua distribuição, dada em uma área de características predominantemente rural, florestal e sem conurbação, onde a cidade mais próxima do centro da cidade Manaus é a do Careiro da Várzea, a 22 km de distância e a mais distante é a de Itacoatiara, com 177 km, ambas por linha reta, sendo que a primeira se liga a capital apenas através de barcos, e a segunda através de rodovia. A Região Metropolitana de Manaus se apresenta como um arquipélago onde Manaus pode ser compreendida como resultado de uma urbanização macrocefálica, praticamente vinte vezes maior que o segundo municípios, Itacoatiara, e mais de cem vezes o de menor população, Careiro da Várzea, sendo que esses municípios se apresentam como resultado de uma urbanização ainda insipiente, apresentando muitas características rurais. Frente a isto buscamos quantificar e qualificar os fluxos de trabalhadores e estudantes diários, observados entre os municípios, tendo como ênfase de análise os municípios com maior propensão à integração com a cidade de Manaus, Careiro da Várzea e Iranduba, pois são as que se encontram separadas da capital apenas por curso d´água. Entre Manaus e Iranduba especificamente analisaremos como a construção da Ponte sobre o Rio Negro possibilitará o processo de urbanização acelerada em Iranduba, bem como a especulação gerada pelo capital imobiliário no município. Frente a isto buscamos compreender qual o papel do Poder público, no modelo de desenvolvimento que se espera para a região. / This research has as objective Analyze the processes of commuting recorded between the municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus. This is why we will understand how the process of constitution of the region, as well as the relation of its creation with the logic of creation of Metropolitan regions in Brazil. Two of its characteristics that place in a situation of difference, it is, in principle, its size, 101.475 Km², and its distribution, given in an area of features predominantly rural, forestry and without conurbation, where the closest city to the center of the city Manaus is the Careiro da Varzea, 22 Km away and the more distant is the Itacoatiara with 177 km, both by straight line, being that first binds to the capital only through boats, and the second through road. The Metropolitan Region of Manaus is presented as an archipelago where Manaus can be understood as the result of an urbanization macrocephalic, with a population almost 20 times higher than the second municipalities, Itacoatiara, and more than a hundred times the smaller the population, Careiro da Varzea, Being that these municipalities are presented as a result of urbanization is still insipient, presenting many rural characteristics. Front of the that we seek to quantify and qualify the flows of workers and students daily, observed between the municipalities, with the emphasis of analysis the municipalities with the highest propensity for integration with the city of Manaus, Careiro da Várzea and Iranduba, because they are the ones that are separated of the capital only for watercourse. Between Manaus and Iranduba specifically we will examine how the construction of the Bridge over the Rio Negro will enable the process of accelerated urbanization in Iranduba, as well as speculation generated by real estate capital of the municipality. Because of that we seek to understand what is the role of the public Power, In the model of development that is expected for the region.

Between June and August, 1983, a postal survey was conducted to gather information on industrial mental health programs in mid-sized corporations in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The sample included all companies listed in Standard and Poor's Register of Corporations, Directors, and Executives (1982) with an employee population of 500 to 2,000. Approximately 27% of the responding corporations indicated that they had formal existing industrial mental health programs. The responses indicated that the majority of formal industrial mental health programs were located in banking, insurance, high technology, media, and professional enterprises. The relationship between the size of companies and the provision of services was curvilinear.

Magister Artium - MA / The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of peer, community and religious influences on alcohol and tobacco use among high school adolescents from three different dominant groups of South Africa i.e. African, coloured and white adolescents. The investigations were based on two perceived major factors such as their familiy structure and their family's socio-economic status, which may either increase or decrease the likelihood of adolescent substance use. / South Africa

Since 1994, South Africa has witnessed the fundamental transformation and restructuring of its Higher Education Sector. The restructuring of Higher Education Institutions in the Eastern Cape Province is manifested by inter alia the incorporation of the Port Elizabeth branch of the Vista University into the University of Port Elizabeth as a first phase and, as the final phase, the merger between the University of Port Elizabeth and the Port Elizabeth Technikon. A new, comprehensive university, the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), emerged from this merger on 1 January 2005. The previous institutions each had its own unique brand identity, brand image and brand name. With reference to the newly established NMMU, the question can be raised whether the brand identity of this newly established institution impacts on its perceived brand image among all stakeholders who have an interest in the institution. Given the merger background, the purpose of this research project is twofold: firstly, to analyse the impact of independent variables (‘reputation’, ‘relevance’, ‘personality’, ‘performance’ and ‘relationship’) on brand identity (moderating variable) and the impact of brand identity on brand image (dependent variable); and secondly, to gauge the perceptions of NMMU stakeholders of the brand image of the University in terms of both expectations and actual experiences. In order to give effect to the above, a conceptual model on brand identity and brand image based on secondary sources on branding, was empirically tested. Given the purpose and nature of the research in question, a positivistic research paradigm was adopted. By means of a Likert seven-point scale, primary data was sourced from 1 092 respondents, who shared their perceptions on the expectations and actual experiences of using the NMMU brand. The statistical analysis of the data comprised six phases. Initially, the data was subjected to an exploratory factor analysis to assess the discriminant validity of (xvi) the research instrument. This was followed by an assessment of the reliability of the research instrument through an internal consistency measure (Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients). The items that remained were included in the multiple regression model to assess the impact of brand identity variables on brand identity. The next phase comprised a regression analysis of the impact of brand identity on brand image. Fifthly, to assess any differences between stakeholders’ expectations and actual experiences when using the NMMU brand, pair-wise t-tests were performed. Finally, to gauge the level of satisfaction of NMMU stakeholders when using the brand, a “gap” analysis was conducted by converting the mean scores into relative percentage ratings. The empirical findings did not fully support the conceptual model. The testing of the conceptual model revealed that the independent variable ‘relevance’ did not demonstrate sufficient discriminant validity and, as a result, no evidence of construct validity. This variable therefore had to be removed from the conceptual model before it was subjected to further empirical assessment by means of the multiple linear regression analysis. Based on this finding on ‘relevance’, NMMU marketing communication strategists could perform an in-depth investigation on the positioning of the brand. Further, it was found that the dependent variable ‘brand image’ was not a uni-dimensional construct as suggested in the conceptual model. Ideally, images (in this case, brand images of the NMMU) should feed into strategic vision, serving as a mirror in which a university can reflect on its true standing. This implies that instead of using stakeholder images as exact assessments of brand performance compared with strategic vision, images held by stakeholders of who the university is and what it stands for (e.g. personality and relevance comparisons) should become part of the strategic envisioning process. The linkage between strategic intent and brand image should be evident. The results of the pair-wise t-tests revealed that significant statistical differences (xvii) existed between stakeholders’ perceptions of the expected and actual experiences when using the NMMU brand. To assess the magnitude of a possible ‘gap’ between stakeholders’ expectations and actual experiences of the NMMU brand, mean score differences were converted into relative percentage ratings. The most significant findings on actual experiences (on which the level of satisfaction is based) of the NMMU brand are as follows: All relative rating scores were below 92.05%. These relative satisfaction percentages imply that respondents were not satisfied with the NMMU brand, because their expectations were not fully met. The highest rating percentage (92.05%) was obtained in respect of the statement regarding “The NMMU slogan (‘for tomorrow’) reflects the NMMU brand identity”. The lowest rating percentage (78.33%) was given to the statement “The NMMU brand exceeds expectations in terms of promises”. The second lowest rating percentage (79.67%) was found for the statement “The NMMU brand delivers on promises”. The principal recommendations emanating from this study are summarised in three groups of recommendations, namely: Recommendations pertaining to the strategic implications of the findings for the NMMU marketing communication strategists. Recommendations pertaining to the interpretation of secondary sources on brand literature, and Recommendations for future research.

The standard anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS have significant side effects resulting in a lack of adherence and the emergence of multidrug resistant viral strains. These drugs are also expensive, making it essential to investigate all alternatives to classical HIV/AIDS treatment. A wide variety of nonconventional medicines are used by patients for the treatment HIV and for symptoms associated with HIV. So long as they are safe and effective, traditional, complementary and alternative medicines (TCAMs) may be considered more advantageous for developing countries as they are relatively cheap, more accessible and widely accepted by local populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TCAM use in HIV-positive patients, prior to, and during ARV therapy. The study was exploratory, cross sectional and observational in nature. Participants were selected via convenience sampling from the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, and included 244 HIV-positive patients, 29 health care professionals (HCPs) and 30 traditional, complementary and alternative practitioners (TCAMPs). A wide variety of TCAMs were used by the sample population. These medicines were more commonly used by non-ARV patients (36 percent) compared with ARV patients (22 percent). A significant statistical difference in TCAM use between the ARV and non- ARV population was found in relation to education, employment, period of status awareness, patient opinion of personal health and the reasons for TCAM use. Amongst the HCPs, 24 percent recommended TCAM use prior to ARVs, and 55 percent were aware of patients self-prescribing before and during ARV treatment. Amongst the TCAMPs, 90 percent provided a wide range of TCAMs for HIV, with some giving consideration to conventional management. TCAMs are commonly used by HIV-positive patients on ARVs, as well as by those not on ARVs. These medicines are also the preferred form of treatment for those not seeking conventional treatment. TCAMs are widely available and recommended by TCAMPs as well as some HCPs. Due to public health concerns, clinical trials of the widely used TCAMs are crucial in order to establish the safety and efficacy of these medicines in HIV.

Information is a vitally important asset to organizations and the information should be protected to sustain the value it provides to the organization. Information is transferred via different mediums in these organizations. An example would be Terrestrial Trunked Radio or TETRA, which is utilized within organizations to provide a technically very secure form of digital radio communication. TETRA is a communications technology that is currently being successfully used throughout the world for secure, reliable and robust critical communication. TETRA is used by Public Safety and Security (PSS) and transportation sectors, amongst others. PSS includes police officers, fire marshals and emergency medical units who require protected and accurate information that could influence decisions that could make difference between life and death. The TETRA educational programme offered by the TETRA Academy at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), educates TETRA users in various aspects of the TETRA standard. TETRA is viewed as a technically very secure communication standard, as it utilizes security features such as mutual authentication, air interface encryption, end-to-end encryption, jamming detection and ambience listening, amongst other security techniques to ensure that the information traversing through the network is kept secure. The TETRA educational programme material includes many physical and technical controls to assist TETRA users in protecting information. However, to what extent does the TETRA educational programme address operational controls? Operational controls address what is often referred to as the weakest link in information security – human behavioural issues. Humans can be exploited through human manipulation attacks, which include social engineering and bribery. Therefore, this study argues towards adapting the TETRA educational programme offered at the NMMU to address these human behavioural issues.

The experiences of pregnant teenagers as related to ante-natal care were researched. The primary objective of the study was to explore and describe the experiences pregnant teenagers had of their ante-natal care. The researcher recommended measures based on the findings of the study to midwives to encourage ante-natal care clinic attendance amongst pregnant teenagers. The recommendations were such that even nurses at Primary Health Care clinics could utilise them as they also come into contact with pregnant teenagers. An increasing number of pregnant teenagers in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality area are admitted to referral hospitals with complications during pregnancy and labour. Some of these teenagers are un-booked or had only a few ante-natal clinic visits. The researcher therefore wanted to obtain first hand information related to the reluctance of pregnant teenagers to attend ante-natal care clinics. Attendance at ante-natal care clinics plays an important part in enabling the staff to screen pregnant mothers for health problems and so limit complications. Hence the concern and need to develop measures to motivate pregnant teenagers to attend ante-natal clinics.

This thesis is aimed at solving two common problems in local municipal planning agencies in metropolitan areas: first, the problem of proceeding with making long-range plans in the face of current, daily responsibilities, and second, the problem of making realistic plans in the context of the forces and pressures of metropolitan life. The hypothesis is formulated that advance planning services can be supplied more efficiently to municipalities in a metropolitan area by a common agency than by municipal planning agencies. It is assumed that the common planning agency is a department of a federated type of metropolitan government, and that it is required to produce a metropolitan general plan for official adoption. In this investigation, which is intended to provide material for use in Canadian metropolitan areas with populations of 400,000 and over, two basic research techniques are used: a review of literature and a case study examination. A framework is developed for testing the efficiency, in a wide sense of the word, of advance planning agencies. In the review of literature, the concept of division of labour as a basic component of bureaucratic organization, is described, and then a survey is made of situations in which planning is carried out by a department of a metropolitan government, using the official plan technique. The instances are the metropolitan areas of Toronto, Winnipeg and Dade County, Florida. It is observed that difficulties can arise when there is a question of local communities surrendering some of the rights to control development within their boundaries. Alternative means of carrying out metropolitan planning are described, as well, principally with reference to the United States. The area selected for the case study is the metropolitan area of Vancouver in British Columbia. A questionnaire is developed to test the capacity of local planning agencies to make soundly-based plans, which interlock with the plans of neighbouring communities, and which harmonize with the goals and values of their own communities. The questionnaire is applied to a sample of local planning agencies, and, for comparison, the agency responsible for planning, the Lower Mainland Region, of which the Vancouver Metropolitan Area, constitutes a part. A second questionnaire is used to discover the attitudes of selected mayors and reeves towards metropolitan government and metropolitan planning in the Area. It is concluded from the case study that a metropolitan planning agency can carry out basic analyses better than local agencies can, and that a metropolitan general plan would reduce points of friction between municipalities relating to land use. It is also noted that the reeves and mayors are far from unanimous about the advantages of metropolitan government and metropolitan planning. Proposals are made for improving long-range planning of local municipalities, through the establishment of a system of metropolitan planning in the Vancouver metropolitan region. It is concluded that, while in general, it is advantageous for a metropolitan area to have some form of planning agency at the metropolitan level, it is impractical to assign all advance planning to such an agency, since long range planning is required at the micro-scale as well as at the macro-scale. It is therefore apparent that while the administrative system proposed in the hypothesis can assist the production of meaningful local plans in the metropolitan context, it can only partially reduce the pressure of work on local planning agencies. It is noted that there is widespread reluctance to assign decisive planning powers to metropolitan governments. An alternative hypothesis is evolved for further testing. It is suggested that investigation be carried out into the influence of geography on attitudes toward metropolitan co-operation; and it is recommended that consideration be givencto using the universities to conduct basic metropolitan studies. The influence of senior government decisions on metropolitan development is noted, and a recommendation is advanced to facilitate more comprehensive urban and metropolitan planning. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

In 1937 the Manchester Engineering Firm Metropolitan Vickers (Metrovick) were awarded a development contract by the Air Ministry to develop a gas turbine for aircraft propulsion in conjunction with the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. Over the next decade and a half, the company developed a number of gas turbine designs for a variety of applications in the air, at sea, and on land. This thesis examines the gas turbine work of Metropolitan Vickers, and how the company interacted with a variety of partners across both the military and the civilian realms. These included government research establishments such as the Royal Aircraft Establishment and the Admiralty Engineering Laboratory; commercial partners, such as the aero-engine manufacturer Armstrong Siddeley, Yarrow Shipbuilders, and the Great Western Railway, and state institutions such as the Ministries of Aircraft Production and Fuel and Power. It argues that Metrovick’s technical style was formed by the company’s existing heavy engineering plant business, which privileged design over development and production engineering. Compared to competitors such as Power Jets and Rolls Royce, Metrovick’s progress on aero-engine work was hampered by the lack of a development organisation; though technically advanced, its aircraft engines took a long time to be developed and would not reach production; a factor which was influential in the post-war sale of Metrovick’s aero-engine designs to Armstrong Siddeley. Metrovick did use its gas turbine experience to gain post-war contracts for both naval and civilian gas turbines. The Royal Navy adopted gas turbines for two roles: as lightweight powerplants for short-ranged fast-attack craft, and as part of major warship propulsion systems that were intended to overcome the perceived flaws of the Navy’s interwar steam plants. Metrovick was selected as a development partner because of the company’s existing naval business, as well as its gas turbine expertise. In the civilian realm, the company produced gas turbines for a wide range of applications ranging from railway locomotives to electrical power generation. Most of the customers for these designs were state or quasi-state institutions; this thesis argues that the postwar British state’s support for the civilian gas turbine shows that it was seen as a crucially British technology that could help improve industrial efficiency, as well as utilising indigenous energy resources. However, again Metrovick was content to rely on development contracts rather than commit itself to large-scale production. The company’s gas turbine designs were somewhat marginal to the wider heavy electrical business, and Metrovick never committed the kind of development resources to the gas turbine division that would have been required to produce successful products, nor did it attempt to sell its designs widely to relevant markets.

This paper explores urban design possibilities for the enhancement of the Vancouver Art Gallery landscape. It is understood that urban public places are necessary for not only the daily functioning of society, but as venues of and for celebrations, demonstrations, and communication. All public urban spaces have the potential to serve as significant locations of human experience. The designed urban landscape should have the capacity to elicit response and heighten our perceptions, thereby furthering our understanding of the world. Understanding the Vancouver Art Gallery landscape as a central urban space of significant civic importance, it is necessary that its design illuminate the interactions between humans and the physical world - the actors, the audience, and the stage. A literature review is conducted in order to discern possible connections between museum processes and designed landscapes. Analogies are drawn between the processes and display of art within and around galleries and museums, and the cultural meanings associated with these displays. These processes also reveal themselves in the designed landscape. Second, museum-landscape analogs are proposed, and from these, precedents are researched in order to identify criteria that support and reinforce these analogs. These analogs are typologies that may serve to inform the urban design, and landscape architectural process. In response to the research, the Vancouver Art Gallery landscape is designed according to one of the types (analogs) identified - Landscape as Theatre. The design provides a model for the expression of the theatrical aspects of urban life that contribute to the vibrancy and cultural richness of the urban landscape. The conclusions drawn herein are suggestive of urban design enhancement opportunities that exist within central downtown Vancouver, in particular the Vancouver Art Gallery landscape. It is recognized that significant investment in our urban spaces is a requirement for ensuring the successful evolution of urban life. In addition to the enhancement of human experiences within the city, successful urban projects that elicit international acclaim and recognition further the economic growth of, and investment in the city. Certainly, when public spaces are used and enjoyed steadily and repeatedly the experiences of places are enriched, and human experience is enhanced. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate