A cana-de-açúcar é uma das mais importantes culturas para o Brasil e vem recebendo significativa atenção devido à crescente substituição de combustíveis fósseis por fontes renováveis e menos poluentes de energia como o etanol. Consequentemente, os aspectos biotecnológicos oriundos da interação de bactérias e cana-de-açúcar devem ser mais bem avaliados, além disso, estudos de interação planta-microrganismo desenvolvidos em países tropicais são ainda incipientes. As bactérias interagindo com as plantas de interesse agronômico podem acarretar os mais diversos benefícios, com ênfase na promoção do crescimento vegetal e da fitossanidade. Dentre essas bactérias, diversas linhagens de Pantoea agglomerans têm sido isoladas intimamente associadas a várias espécies vegetais. As bactérias pertencentes ao gênero Pseudomonas também têm sido exploradas biotecnologicamente, pois produzem uma vasta gama de antimicrobianos que podem ser utilizados no controle de pragas e fitopatógenos. A partir desses fatos, uma linhagem de P. agglomerans, 33.1, previamente isolada endofiticamente de Eucalyptus grandis e promotora de crescimento dessa cultura, foi avaliada quanto aos aspectos biotecnológicos durante associação com cana-de-açúcar. A linhagem 33.1 foi capaz de promover o crescimento de cana-de-açúcar e também induziu a produção de proteínas de resistência pelas plantas inoculadas. Dentre os mecanismos avaliados na promoção de crescimento vegetal, a linhagem apresentou alta produção de fitormônio e fosfatases. Foi também confirmado que a interação planta-bactéria afetou o metabolismo da linhagem 33.1. Um plasmidio integrativo, pNKGFP, foi desenvolvido e inserido na linhagem 33.1. A linhagem bacteriana marcada foi monitorada durante interação com cana-de-açúcar. Por microscopia de fluorescência, re-isolamento e PCR quantitativo (qPCR) foi confirmada a capacidade de colonização cruzada de cana-deaçúcar pela linhagem 33.1:pNKGFP, abrindo assim precedentes para utilização dessa linhagem em outras culturas. Posteriormente, a linhagem 33.1 foi geneticamente modificada para produção da proteína Cry. Por meio de bioensaios em dieta artificial e colmos de cana-de-açucar foi provado o parcial controle de Diatraea saccharalis, uma importante praga de cana-de-açúcar, pela linhagem endofítica expressando heterologamente o gene cry1a7c. Vários antibióticos e sideróforos produzidos pela bactéria P. fluorescens, linhagem Pf-5, foram avaliados quanto ao controle de Fusarium spp., incluindo isolados de F. verticillioides causadores de Pokkah boeng em cana-deaçúcar. Por mutações sitio-dirigido em genes envolvidos na biossíntese de antimicrobianos foi provado que os compostos 2,4-diacetil-floroglucinol e rizoxina são os principais responsáveis no controle Fusarium spp. Por HPLC e RT-qPCR foi também provado que ácido fusárico afeta a produção de antibióticos pela Pf-5. / Sugarcane is one of the most important Brazilian crops. Its importance is increasing due to the gradual substitution of fossil fuel for renewable and cleaner energy sources, such as ethanol Consequently, the biotechnological aspects that mediate sugarcane-bacterium interactions must be evaluated; studies from tropical countries are incipiente Bacterium-plant interactions can often improve the growth and fitness of associated plants. One of these beneficial bacteria, Pantoea agglomerans, has been isolated from many vegetal species. The Pseudomonas genus also has a record of biotechnological exploration due to its wide range of antibiotic production. These compounds can be used on pest and plant-pathogen control. For these reasons, P. agglomerans, strain 33.1, previously isolated from Eucalyptus grandis and a known eucalyptus growth-promoter, was evaluated about regarding the biotechnological aspects of sugarcane-bacterial association. 33.1 strain was able to promote sugarcane growth and also to induce the production of resistance proteins for inoculated plants. The plant-hormone and phosphatase production by 33.1 were associated with sugarcane growth-promotion bacterial mechanisms. An integrative plasmid, pNKGFP, was constructed and used to transform 33.1. The marked strain was monitored during sugarcane association. The sugarcane cross-colonization by 33.1:pNKGFP was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, re-isolation and quantitative PCR (qPCR), suggesting that 33.1 should be used in association with other crops. 33.1 was genetically modified to produce the Cry protein. The partial biocontrol of Diatraea saccharalis, the sugarcane borer, by the endophytic strain expressing heterologously the cry1a7c gene, was confirmed in bioassays using artificial diet and sugarcane stalks. Several antibiotics and siderophores produced by P. fluorescens Pf-5 were tested against Fusarium spp.; including isolates of F. verticillioides responsible for the sugarcane Pokkah boeng disease. By deriving site-directed mutants of Pf-5, with single and multiple mutations, in the bio-synthetic gene clusters of the antifungal compounds, it was proved that 2,4-diacetyl-phoroglucinol and rhizoxin are the major compounds responsible for the Fusarium spp. suppression. The fusaric acid effects on Pf-5 antibiotic production was proved by HPLC and RT-qPCR.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar experimentos de incorporação de precursores isotopicamente marcados em produtos naturais isolados do meio de cultura de duas espécies de fungos do gênero Penicillium, de maneira a se verificar a rota de biossíntese dos compostos produzidos pelas linhagens P. citrinum F53 e P. oxalicum F30. Para tanto, os meios de cultura utilizados na fermentação das linhagens foram enriquecidos com os seguintes precursores: [1-13C1]acetato de sódio, [1,2-13C2]acetato de sódio, [2,3-13C2]propionato de sódio, [metil-13C1]metionina, [1-13C1]glicose, [U-13C5]ornitina, [U-13C6]lisina, [U-13C5]prolina, [U-13C6]histidina, [2-indol-13C1]triptofano e [U-13C6]ácido antranílico, separadamente. Ao final do período de fermentação, as culturas foram separadamente submetidas à extração em fase sólida e analisadas por CLAE/UV/EM/IES. Os experimentos de incorporação que apresentaram resultados positivos tiveram seus produtos purificados por CLAE/UV e analisados por RMN de 13C. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que dois dihidropirrois produzidos por P. citrinum F53 são formados por uma rota biossintética mista, oriunda de um resíduo de ornitina, um grupo metila derivado da metionina e uma cadeia policetídica derivada do acetato. Os alcaloides citrinalina B e 17-hidroxicitrinalina B, também produzidos por P. citrinum F53, são ambos derivados de dois resíduos de aminoácidos, ornitina e triptofano (via ácido antranílico), e dois grupos isopreno derivados da glicose (via mevalonato). Os alcaloides oxalina e meleagrina, produzidos por P. oxalicum F30, são formados a partir de uma via biossintética mista derivada de dois resíduos de aminoácidos, histidina e triptofano (via ácido antranílico), e grupos metila derivados da metionina. / The present investigation aimed to carry out feeding experiments for the incorporation of isotopic labeled precursors on natural products isolated from the culture media of two fungal species belonging to the Penicillium genus, in order to verify the biosynthetic pathway of the compounds produced by the P. citrinum F53 and P. oxalicum F30 fungal strains. Culture media used in the fermentation of the fungal strains were enriched with the following isotopic labeled precursors: [1-13C1]sodium acetate, [1,2-13C2]sodium acetate, [2,3-13C2]sodium propionate, [methyl-13C1]methionine, [1-13C1]glucose, [U-13C5]ornithine, [U-13C6]lysine, [U-13C5]proline, [U-13C6]histidine, [2-indol-13C1]tryptophan, and [U-13C6]anthranilic acid, separately. At the end of the fermentation period, culture media were separately subjected to solid phase extraction and analyzed by LC/UV/ESI/MS. The incorporation experiments that showed positive results were purified by HPLC/UV, and the pure compounds labeled in different positions were then analyzed by 13C-NMR. The results demonstrated that two dihydropyrroles produced by P. citrinum F53 were formed via a mixed biosynthetic route, derived from ornithine, a methyl group derived from methionine, and a polyketide chain derived from acetate. The alkaloids citrinalin B and 17-hydroxycitrinalin B, also produced by P. citrinum F53, are both derived from two amino acid residues, ornithine and tryptophan (via anthranilic acid), and two isoprene units derived from glucose via the mevalonate pathway. The alkaloids oxaline and meleagrine, produced by P. oxalicum F30, are formed via a mixed biosynthetic pathway by two amino acid residues, histidine and tryptophan (via anthranilic acid), and methyl groups derived from methionine.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude d’une technique innovante de lyse de microorganismes, fondée sur l’utilisation d’impulsions haute tension en milieu aqueux. Cette technique se distingue de l’électroporation qui exploite le champ électrique produit pour dégrader la membrane cellulaire ; dans notre étude les impulsions haute tension permettent la formation d’arcs électriques produisant de multiples phénomènes physico-chimiques qui peuvent entraîner la lyse des microorganismes.L’efficacité du procédé a été évalué sur les microorganismes suivants : des microalgues productrices d’huile (Nannochloropsis gaditana et Phaeodactylum tricornutum) et des bactéries couramment utilisées comme modèles de laboratoire (Escherishia coli et Bacillus subtilis). Dans ces travaux, nous avons montré que les ondes de pression produites sont principalement responsables de la lyse.En fin d’étude, des perspectives sont explorées en vue du développement de systèmes autonomes soit dans le cadre de la bioproduction, soit dans le cadre de l’analyse cellulaire. / This thesis focuses on the study of an innovative technology for microorganisms lysis, based on high voltage pulses generated in an aqueous medium. This technology is different from electroporation which operates thanks to the electric field for damaging cell membranes ; in our study high voltage pulses generate an electric arc leading to various physicochemical phenomena supposed to lyse microorganisms.The technology efficiency is evaluated with the following microorganims : some lipid producting microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and classical laboratory model bacteria (Escherishia coli and Bacillus subtilis). In this work, we found that generated shock waves are mainly responsible of the cells lysis.At the end, the development of self-functioning devices is investigated either for bioproduction or for cell analysis.

In this study, 59 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella strains isolated from foods in T&uuml / rkiye and 49 Salmonella strains obtained from National Salmonella Reference Laboratories of Germany were analysed. For the characterization of strains, analyses such as serotyping, phage typing, antibiotyping and molecular biological characterization were done. The strains exhibited 17 different serotypes with S. Enteritidis serotype and PT21 phage type being the most prevalent in Turkish isolates. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed against NAL for Turkish strains, whereas it was against SUL for strains from German origin. Molecular typing of all strains exhibited different plasmid profiles and PFGE patterns. There were 1-4 plasmids/profile for Turkish strains and 1-7 plasmids/profile for German strains. The PFGE patterns revealed 42 different subgroups, having two major clusters with 44,3% arbitrary homology. Among 72 resistant strains, the most prevalent resistance genotypes were observed as blatem-1 (%56, AMP resistance) / floR (%100, CHL and FFC resistance) / aphA1 (%100, KAN and NEO resistance) / tet(A) (%53, TET resistance) / aadA1 (%82, SPE and STR resistance) / sulI (%78, SUL resistance). The class I integron variable region analyses exhibited 700 bp (1 strain), 1000 bp (37 strain), 1200 bp (16 strain) and 1600 bp (3 strain) integrons.

No description available.

The withdrawal of water sources concluded the reuse of treated wastewaters, especially for non-potable purposes. Agricultural use of the reclaimed wastewaters is one of the reuse options. However health considerations of the reuse of reclaimed wastewaters for public related purposes are underestimated, since wastewaters contain a variety of microbial pathogens, which may be transmitted to workers and consumers through the crops irrigated. Of these, parasitic eggs have a special place, as they are capable of surviving in the soil for months or even years, depending on environmental conditions. There is insufficient accumulated information on the health related criteria for the reuse of treated wastewaters in Turkey. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the helminthic eggs in raw sewage and in effluents of ASKi municipal wastewater treatment plant in Ankara. The study involved examining to decide whether these organisms exist in the wastewaters at all, and if so in what concentrations. Modified Bailenger&rsquo / s method, which published in the &ldquo / WHO Laboratory Manual of Parasitological and Bacteriological Techniques&rdquo / and &ldquo / U.S.EPA ICR Microbial Laboratory Manual&rdquo / were used in developing the specific methods used in this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fais_lmg_dr_arafo.pdf: 1320806 bytes, checksum: dfb8b01ffa71b9d2ee3c8270fcb414b5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a topografia e a aderência de Streptococcus mutans na superfície do titânio após procedimentos que simularam 10 anos de uso de dentifrícios fluoretado e não-fluoretado. Corpos-de-prova na forma de discos (6 mm Ø X 4 mm) de Ti-6Al-4V (Grupo L, N = 36) e de titânio comercialmente puro (Ti cp, Grupo T, N = 36) foram polidos metalograficamente e subdivididos em seis subgrupos (n=6) de acordo com a imersão (I) ou escovação (E) em água destilada (A), água destilada + dentifrício não-fluoretado (D) ou água destilada + dentifrício fluoretado (1500 ppm, pH 6,3) (DF). Os discos dos subgrupos IA, ID e IDF permaneceram submersos em suas respectivas soluções durante 244 h ( 10 anos). A escovação dos discos dos subgrupos EA, ED e EDF foi realizada em uma máquina de escovação linear com escovas macias (244 h; 60 ciclos/min). A topografia superficial dos discos foi avaliada antes (pré-tratamento) e após (pós-tratamento) a imersão ou a escovação. Para tanto, os discos foram analisados em microscópio de força atômica (MFA), no qual foram obtidas imagens tri-dimensionais (3D) e valores de rugosidade média (Ra). Após os tratamentos, discos dos subgrupos IDF e EDF foram analisados em microscopia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX) para a identificação dos elementos químicos. No teste de aderência, os discos foram contaminados com cepa padrão de Streptococcus mutans (NTCC 1023) para determinação do número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL) das bactérias aderidas. Para averiguação do padrão de aderência dos micro-organismos, os discos foram analisados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). As comparações entre os subgrupos foram realizadas por meio da análise de variância (one way ANOVA) e teste de Tukey HSD (α=0,05). Os valores de Ra... / Titanium exposure to fluorides could degrade the metal surface, contributing to an increased roughness and providing additional sites to micro-organisms adhesion. The aim of this study was to contrasting titanium surface topography after procedures that simulated 10 years of brushing using toothpastes with or without fluoride. Ti-6Al-4V (Group L – N=36) and commercially pure titanium (cp Ti – Group T; N=36) disks (6mm Ø X 4mm) were mirror-polished and treated according to 6 subgroups (n=6) as a function of immersion (I) or brushing (B) using distilled water (W), distilled water + fluoride-free toothpaste (T) and distilled water + fluoride toothpaste (1,500 ppm; pH = 6.3) (FT). Specimens submitted to immersion were submerged in the vehicles without brushing for 244 h ( 10 years). For brushed specimens, procedures were carried out in a linear brushing machine with a soft-bristled toothbrush (244 h; 60 cycles/min). Surface topography was evaluated at baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment, using atomic force microscope in order to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images and mean roughness (Ra). IFT and BFT samples were analyzed under scanning electron microscope with dispersive spectrometer (EDX). For the adhesion test, the disks were contaminated with standard strain of S. mutans (NTCC 1023) and the adhesion was analyzed by the colony-forming unit counts (CFU/mL) of the adhered viable cell and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The subgroups were compared with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test (α=.05). Pre and post-treatment values of Ra were compared using the paired Student T test (α=.05). At baseline, there was no significant difference among the Ra values of L subgroups (p = .40), or among T subgroups (p = .99). No significant changes were seen after immersions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T17:59:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000768735.pdf: 1378869 bytes, checksum: 208d6f9ea0a8b866c4aaf52ade9bcdc9 (MD5) / Staphylococcus aureus se destaca por sua patogenicidade e alta frequência, permitindo que este agente seja capaz de produzir doenças tanto em indivíduos sadios quanto em imunocomprometidos por sua fácil disseminação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a distribuição de clones de S. aureus sensíveis e resistentes à meticilina (MSSA/MRSA) em 50 isolados provenientes de pacientes com infecções de pele da Seção de Dermatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina (FMB) de Botucatu, 50 isolados de idosos de Instituições de Longa Permanência (ILP) de Bauru e 50 isolados provenientes de detentos do Centro de Ressocialização (CR) de Avaré. Os isolados de S. aureus foram submetidos à técnica de E-test para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). Para determinação do perfil de virulência e resistência à oxacilina nos 150 isolados de S. aureus foram realizadas reações em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para a detecção dos genes mecA, cassete cromossômico estafilocócio mec (SCCmec), genes codificadores das enterotoxinas (sea, seb e sec-1), toxinas esfoliativas A e B (eta e etb), toxina 1 da síndrome do choque tóxico (tst), leucocidina de Panton-Valentine (lukS-PV e lukF-PV), hemolisinas alfa e delta (hla e hld) e biofilme (icaA e icaD). O perfil clonal dos isolados MSSA e MRSA foi caracterizado por Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), e os clones de MRSA foram submetidos a tipagem molecular por Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) e spa typing. Os resultados revelaram maior prevalência de MRSA nas instituições de longa permanência, além de apresentarem CIM90 64μg/mL para oxacilina e CIM90 > 256 μg/mL para clindamicina. Das 150 amostras de S.aureus ... / Staphylococcus aureus is distinguished by its high pathogenicity and frequency, allowing that this agent is capable of producing diseases in both healthy individuals and immunocompromised due to its easy dissemination. The aim of this work was to characterize the distribution of clones of S. aureus sensitive and resistant (MSSA/MRSA) in 50 isolates from patients with skin infections of Section of Dermatology of the University Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School Hospital of the (FMB), 50 isolates of elderly residents of nursing homes of Bauru and 50 isolates from inmates of Detention Center of Avare. The isolates of S. aureus were subjected to the technique of E-test for determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). To determine the virulence profile and oxacillin resistance in 150 isolates of S. aureus was used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of mecA gene, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), genes encoding enterotoxins (sea, seb and sec-1), exfoliative toxins A and B (eta e etb), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (lukS-PV and lukF-PV), alpha and delta hemolysin (hla and hld) and biofilm (icaA and icaD). The clonal profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates were characterized by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and MRSA clones were subjected to molecular typing Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and spa typing. The results revealed a higher prevalence of MRSA in institutional settings, besides having MIC90 64μg/mL for oxacillin and MIC90 > 256 mg/mL for clindamycin. Of the 150 samples of S. aureus studied, 20 (13.3%) were mecA carriers, being detected seven isolates harboring SCCmec type IV nine carrying the SCCmec type II, only one isolate carrying the SCCmec type I and 3 isolates were not typed by the protocol used. Among the virulence factors, enterotoxin A was the most prevalent in all sources. Is important to note, 10% of isolates from Center Resocialization ...

A cana-de-açúcar é uma das mais importantes culturas para o Brasil e vem recebendo significativa atenção devido à crescente substituição de combustíveis fósseis por fontes renováveis e menos poluentes de energia como o etanol. Consequentemente, os aspectos biotecnológicos oriundos da interação de bactérias e cana-de-açúcar devem ser mais bem avaliados, além disso, estudos de interação planta-microrganismo desenvolvidos em países tropicais são ainda incipientes. As bactérias interagindo com as plantas de interesse agronômico podem acarretar os mais diversos benefícios, com ênfase na promoção do crescimento vegetal e da fitossanidade. Dentre essas bactérias, diversas linhagens de Pantoea agglomerans têm sido isoladas intimamente associadas a várias espécies vegetais. As bactérias pertencentes ao gênero Pseudomonas também têm sido exploradas biotecnologicamente, pois produzem uma vasta gama de antimicrobianos que podem ser utilizados no controle de pragas e fitopatógenos. A partir desses fatos, uma linhagem de P. agglomerans, 33.1, previamente isolada endofiticamente de Eucalyptus grandis e promotora de crescimento dessa cultura, foi avaliada quanto aos aspectos biotecnológicos durante associação com cana-de-açúcar. A linhagem 33.1 foi capaz de promover o crescimento de cana-de-açúcar e também induziu a produção de proteínas de resistência pelas plantas inoculadas. Dentre os mecanismos avaliados na promoção de crescimento vegetal, a linhagem apresentou alta produção de fitormônio e fosfatases. Foi também confirmado que a interação planta-bactéria afetou o metabolismo da linhagem 33.1. Um plasmidio integrativo, pNKGFP, foi desenvolvido e inserido na linhagem 33.1. A linhagem bacteriana marcada foi monitorada durante interação com cana-de-açúcar. Por microscopia de fluorescência, re-isolamento e PCR quantitativo (qPCR) foi confirmada a capacidade de colonização cruzada de cana-deaçúcar pela linhagem 33.1:pNKGFP, abrindo assim precedentes para utilização dessa linhagem em outras culturas. Posteriormente, a linhagem 33.1 foi geneticamente modificada para produção da proteína Cry. Por meio de bioensaios em dieta artificial e colmos de cana-de-açucar foi provado o parcial controle de Diatraea saccharalis, uma importante praga de cana-de-açúcar, pela linhagem endofítica expressando heterologamente o gene cry1a7c. Vários antibióticos e sideróforos produzidos pela bactéria P. fluorescens, linhagem Pf-5, foram avaliados quanto ao controle de Fusarium spp., incluindo isolados de F. verticillioides causadores de Pokkah boeng em cana-deaçúcar. Por mutações sitio-dirigido em genes envolvidos na biossíntese de antimicrobianos foi provado que os compostos 2,4-diacetil-floroglucinol e rizoxina são os principais responsáveis no controle Fusarium spp. Por HPLC e RT-qPCR foi também provado que ácido fusárico afeta a produção de antibióticos pela Pf-5. / Sugarcane is one of the most important Brazilian crops. Its importance is increasing due to the gradual substitution of fossil fuel for renewable and cleaner energy sources, such as ethanol Consequently, the biotechnological aspects that mediate sugarcane-bacterium interactions must be evaluated; studies from tropical countries are incipiente Bacterium-plant interactions can often improve the growth and fitness of associated plants. One of these beneficial bacteria, Pantoea agglomerans, has been isolated from many vegetal species. The Pseudomonas genus also has a record of biotechnological exploration due to its wide range of antibiotic production. These compounds can be used on pest and plant-pathogen control. For these reasons, P. agglomerans, strain 33.1, previously isolated from Eucalyptus grandis and a known eucalyptus growth-promoter, was evaluated about regarding the biotechnological aspects of sugarcane-bacterial association. 33.1 strain was able to promote sugarcane growth and also to induce the production of resistance proteins for inoculated plants. The plant-hormone and phosphatase production by 33.1 were associated with sugarcane growth-promotion bacterial mechanisms. An integrative plasmid, pNKGFP, was constructed and used to transform 33.1. The marked strain was monitored during sugarcane association. The sugarcane cross-colonization by 33.1:pNKGFP was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, re-isolation and quantitative PCR (qPCR), suggesting that 33.1 should be used in association with other crops. 33.1 was genetically modified to produce the Cry protein. The partial biocontrol of Diatraea saccharalis, the sugarcane borer, by the endophytic strain expressing heterologously the cry1a7c gene, was confirmed in bioassays using artificial diet and sugarcane stalks. Several antibiotics and siderophores produced by P. fluorescens Pf-5 were tested against Fusarium spp.; including isolates of F. verticillioides responsible for the sugarcane Pokkah boeng disease. By deriving site-directed mutants of Pf-5, with single and multiple mutations, in the bio-synthetic gene clusters of the antifungal compounds, it was proved that 2,4-diacetyl-phoroglucinol and rhizoxin are the major compounds responsible for the Fusarium spp. suppression. The fusaric acid effects on Pf-5 antibiotic production was proved by HPLC and RT-qPCR.

La mise en œuvre des hautes pressions permet d'inactiver des micro-organismes contaminants (levures, bactéries, spores, virus…) au sein de divers milieux. Cette technologie a tout d'abord été utilisée puis développée à l'échelle industrielle pour décontaminer des produits alimentaires. Du fait de la faible énergie générée par les hautes pressions, seules les liaisons faibles et correspondant à une valeur de ?V négative sont altérées, ce qui, en outre, ouvrait la voie à de nombreuses applications biologiques. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'inactiver l'ensemble des micro-organismes pathogènes au sein d'un produit sanguin : le plasma. L’enjeu principal était d'une part de sauvegarder la fonctionnalité des principales protéines contenues dans le plasma (facteurs de coagulation notamment) et d'autre part d'inactiver les micro-organismes contaminants. Afin d’atteindre cet équilibre, plusieurs paramètres ont été utilisés : - la valeur de la pression (de 100 à 300 MPa), - la durée du traitement, - les températures négatives… Plusieurs résultats originaux seront présentés, notamment en ce qui concerne la différence de sensibilité aux hautes pressions des protéines d'une part et l'inactivation de micro-organismes d'autre part. / High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has shown its capacity to inactivate contaminating micro-organisms (yeasts, bacteria, spores, viruses…) present in various media. This technology has been first used and developed to an industrial scale for the food industry. Because of the low energy raised using high pressure, only weak interactions characterized by a negative ?V will be altered. This statement opens the way to numerous applications in the biology field. The objective of this PhD work was to inactivate all the pathogens that may contaminate blood products, and blood plasma in particular. The main challenge was to inactivate the contaminating micro-organisms while maintaining the activity of the plasma proteins (such as blood coagulation factors). To achieve this balance, several parameters were used: - the pressure value (from 100 to 300 MPa), - the treatment duration, - negative temperatures… Some original results will be presented, concerning differences in the high pressure sensitivity of proteins and the inactivation of pathogens.