Neste trabalho é apresentado um sistema microcomputador tolerante a falhas, com redundância modular tripla (TMR). Este sistema é caracterizado por uma Arquitetura em Anel implementada com três módulos processadores. A estrutura em Anel é uma arquitetura onde os módulos adjacentes são conectados por um canal de comunicação, formando um laço. Os módulos recebem dados de uma ou mais fontes (dependendo se as fontes são replicadas ou não). Esta informação é então processada e um dado é preparado para votação. O dado é transmitido aos módulos adjacentes, através do canal de comunicação. A tolerância à falhas é obtida, pela capacidade que os três processadores têm de examinar os resultados do processamento de seus vzinhos. Assim, cada processador recebe duas versões de cada processamento: o seu próprio resultado e o resultado do seu vizinho. Cada módulo, então executa a votação por programação, através da estratégia de votação sobre um número parcial de dados. Se nenhuma falha ocorreu, os três módulos irão produzir o mesmo resultado. O resultado da votação (comparação) é indicado em cada módulo por um sinalizador de erro. Quando ocorre uma falha em um módulo, o esquema de votação por programação identifica a ocorrência desta falha, mas o sistema irá continuar a operar corretamente, apesar da falha e um módulo. O sistema em Anel com redundância tripla, pode tolerar uma falha em um dos módulos. Estes cálculos não são executados de uma maneira fortemente sincronizada, mas os processadores são sincronizados de uma forma mais flexível, através de programação. O sistema foi implementado usando três módulos microcomputadores. Cada microcomputador tem um controlador de disco. O sistema acessa um único terminal de vídeo. O programa monitor é composto de três módulos idênticos, para os três microcomputadores. Cada módulo reside na memória local de cada microcomputador. O sistema executa o Sistema Operacional CP/M. Os programas para este sistema operacional serão executados de uma forma tolerante à falhas sem necessidade de modificações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema de uso geral com alta disponibilidade. / A fault-tolerant, tri-module redundant (TMR), microcomputer System is presented. This system is characterized by a Ring Architecture implemented with three processor modules. The ring structure is a loop type architecture in which adjacent modules are connected by single communication links. The modules receive data from one or more sources (depending on whether these sources are replicated or not). This information is then processed and made ready for voting. The data is passed between the adjacent modules over the connecting links. Fault-tolerance is achieved by each of the three processors being able to examine computational results from its neighbour. Thus, each module process receives two versions of each calculation: one from its own calculation and one received from the other processor. Each module then performs the voting by software, with voting on parcial data estrategy. If no fault has ocorred, it can be expected that all the three modules will produce the same result. The result of the voting (comparision) is indicated in each module by na error condition flag. In the evento f a fault in one of the module/processors, then this will be recognized by the software voting and an error will be reported, the system will continue proper operation in spite of the failure of a single module. Triple Modular Redundant Ring System can tolerate a single fault in one of the modules. The calculations are not carried out in a tightly synchronized manner, but the processors are loosely synchronized by software. The system was implemented using three Z-80 based microcomputer boards. Each microcomputer board has it own disk-controller board. The system access a single vídeo terminal. The software monitor is comprised of three identical modules, one for each three microcomputer. Each software monitor module resides in the respective local memory of its microcomputers. The application software performs under CP/M Operational System. Programs from non-redundant versions will be executed in a fault tolerant manner without modification. Through this, our objective was to develop a system of general application, with high availability.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-03T14:29:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscoramilsonholandaluz.pdf: 1143298 bytes, checksum: ac3944a309b1824cf331cb51140a04a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:44:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscoramilsonholandaluz.pdf: 1143298 bytes, checksum: ac3944a309b1824cf331cb51140a04a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscoramilsonholandaluz.pdf: 1143298 bytes, checksum: ac3944a309b1824cf331cb51140a04a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-30 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as ações gestoras na implementação da política de premiação de microcomputadores para os alunos de duas escolas da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Ceará, pertencente a 8ª Coordenadoria Regional de Desenvolvimento da Educação – CREDE e apresentar uma proposta de intervenção que vise aprimorar a implementação desta política. Enfatizou-se o papel dos gestores na implementação de políticas educacionais nas escolas, e, de modo mais específico, na política de premiação de microcomputadores. A temática em foco é relevante, gestão escolar e bonificação, pois parte do princípio de que o gestor é elemento fundamental para a garantia do sucesso de uma política educacional e também da atuação do autor desta dissertação enquanto gestor escolar de uma escola da Rede Pública Estadual do Ceará. Para cumprir o objetivo, foram reunidos elementos sobre a avalição externa do Estado do Ceará, o SPAECE – Sistema Permanente de Avalição da Educação Básica do Ceará, da Lei nº 14.843/2009, que estabelece a bonificação para alunos e das ações gestoras das escolas que foram pesquisadas. A metodologia da pesquisa utilizada partiu da análise documental referente ao SPAECE, estudo da Lei de bonificação, anteriormente citada, além de entrevistas aos gestores e aplicação de questionários aos professores das escolas, como também aos técnicos da Regional de Educação e Secretaria de Educação de Estado. À medida em que o caso foi constatado, algumas questões de pesquisa foram levantadas e discutidas, fundamentando-se em alguns referenciais teóricos que abordam a gestão escolar. Os dados encontrados na pesquisa demonstram que as ações do gestor escolar na implementação de políticas educacionais são relevantes para o sucesso da mesma, tendo em vista, ser o elemento principal que coordena, articula e lidera a equipe de trabalho. Sendo assim, por meio de um projeto especifico na formação de gestores e professores, vivencia “in loco” envolvendo as escolas da rede pública de ensino estadual, pertencentes a 8ª CREDE. / This thesis aims to analyze the actions management in policy implementation awards microcomputers for students from two schools in State Schools of Ceará, belonging to 8 ª Regional Education Development - BELIEVE and presents a proposal for intervention aimed enhance the implementation of this policy emphasized the role of managers in the implementation of educational policies in schools, and more specifically in the policy awards microcomputers. The thematic focus is relevant, school management and bonus, since it assumes that the manager is fundamental to ensuring the success of an educational policy and also the role of the author of this dissertation as school manager of a school of the State Public Network Ceara. To fulfill the objective , met elements on the external evaluation of the state of Ceará , the SPAECE - Permanent System of Basic Education rating of Ceará , of Law No. 14.843/2009 establishing the subsidy to students and school management actions that were surveyed . The research methodology was used for the SPAECE documental analysis, study of the law bonus, previously cited, plus interviews with managers and questionnaires to teachers in schools, but also to the Regional Technical Education and State Department of Education. As the case was found, some research questions were raised and discussed basing on some theoretical frameworks that address school management. The data found in the survey show that the actions of the school manager in the implementation of educational policies are relevant to the success of the same, in order to be the main element that coordinates, articulates and leads the team work. Thus through a project specific training for managers and professore and experiences in situ involving the public schools of state education , belonging to 8th BELIEVE .

[pt] A multiprogamação caracteriza-se pelo compartilhamento dos recursos da máquina por vários processos usuários. O ambiente de computação propício para execução destes processos deve incluir dispositivos para relocação de endereços, proteção de memória, estados supervisor e usuário, e uma estrutura flexível de entrada e saída. A implementação de tais sistemas com microprocessadores de 8 bits é problemática, devido ao seu desempenho aquém do desejável para tal propósito. Com o INTEL 8086 iniciou-se a geração dos microprocessadores de 16 bits, com desempenho comparável aos processadores de pequenos minicomputadores. Apesar deste desempenho, esta partilha é voltada par as mesmas aplicações dos microprocessadores de 8 bits: processamento dedicado e sistemas monoprogramados. Por isso não foram previstos mecanismos de suporte à multiprogramação. Esta dissertação apresenta um microcomputador para multiprogramação, baseado no INTEL 8086, em que várias facilidades foram implementadas, por lógica externa, para este fim. São descritos e analisados os vários dispositivos desenvolvidos para que fosse criado um ambiente propício para multiprogramação sem que se deteriorasse o desempenho do processador. Este trabalho recebeu auxílio do CNPq, processo nº 40.2029180, como parte do projeto MULTIPUC. / [en] Machine resources are shared by many processes in multiprogramming systems. The suitable environment to run these processes must include devices for address relocation, memory protection, supervisor and user modes of operation and a flexible input/output structure. It is very hard to implement such systems with 8 bits microprocessors, because their performances don`t file the desirable requirements. The 16 bits microprocessors generation, witch began with INTEL 8086, brougth more powerful processors, with performances as good as the small minicomputers processors. Nevertheless, INTEL 8086 was designed for the same applications as the 8 bits processors: dedicated processing and monoprogrammed systems. It doesn´t support multiprogramming applications. This work presents a microcomputer for multiprogramming, based on INTEL 8086. Many facilities are implemented, with external logic, to create a multiprogramming environmen without degenerate the processor performance. This work was supported by CNPq grant 40.2029180 as part of the project MULTIPUC.

M.Bibl. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The present study sought to investigate the effects of a Standard workstation, designed for “average” users, on an anthropometrically diverse sample of computer operators, and to assess whether physical and perceptual responses, as well as performance efficiency were dependent on stature. Further investigation assessed the influence of personalised adjustments to the Standard workstation, based on the anthropometric characteristics of the subjects, as well as the introduction of a custom-designed ‘floating’ wrist support, on subject responses. All subjects (n=30) were tested in each of the three workstations: Standard, Personalised and Wrist Support. For analysis of responses in the Standard workstation, subjects were divided into three groups depending on their stature: Short (<1650mm), Medium (1650mm to 1800mm), Tall (>1800mm). The musculoskeletal responses indicated that Tall subjects were forced to adopt the most awkward general body postures as a result of the low computer screen. However, the low screen allowed for the Short subjects to adopt the most natural general body postures, although levels of muscular activity in the upper trapezius suggest that the muscular load imposed on both Short and Tall subjects was significantly greater than that imposed on the Medium subjects. In addition, the Medium subjects’ perceptions of the Standard workstation dimensions support the fact that this workstation was better suited to users with “average” morphologies. The responses elicited in the Personalised and Wrist Support workstations were improved significantly when compared to the Standard workstation. Joint angles were more natural, upper trapezius EMG was reduced, standard of performance improved and perceptual responses indicated a diminished incidence of body and visual discomfort, as well as greater perceived satisfaction with these workstation dimensions. The improved physical responses suggest a decrease in the risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders. Although subjects were unaccustomed to the wrist support device, this workstation demonstrated a further reduction in the range of wrist angles, as well as a general positive attitude towards the concept.

Leasing has become a desirable alternative for acquiring capital equipment in the 80's. However, there are many tangible and intangible conditions that must be taken into consideration before signing a lease contract. This report presents leasing terminology, and the new tax laws that are relevant to leasing; explaining and illustrating common true lease plans on a before and after-tax basis, and finally, developing microcomputer software for the discussed true lease plans. / Master of Engineering

Many of the experiments available for working with probeware are aimed at the grammar school level. However, with the proliferation of more sophisticated sensors, there is an opportunity to develop experiments for chemistry-oriented vocational schools (specialization Applied Chemistry). These experiments would benefit from the advantages of the vocational school - more time available in the laboratory, better instrumentation, and a wider range of learning topics allowing for more challenging experiments. However, these would also work as advanced experiments for grammar school level chemistry education. The theoretical part discusses probeware, its use for teaching chemistry, the range of different available sensors and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as sources of available experiments, their categorization and comparison with the Framework Education Programme education topics. This thesis introduces a set of 5 different, fully developed and laboratory-validated experiments selected in accordance with the requirements of the Framework Education Programme and School Education Programme for chemistry-oriented vocational schools. In addition to the write-up of the process of their design and validation in this thesis, the annex provides developed materials for direct use in school labs,...

Iconographs is such a composition in which mathematical techniques are brought to bear. Nine separate number series have been generated and carried out to 1024 units. These series are combined by addition to calculate a single number by taking the remainder after dividing the sum of the series by nine. This mod 9 reduction is used to choose a set of pitches. Iconographs is a composition for microcomputer and chamber orchestra written in proportional notation with 1024 time segments grouped into 32 pages of 32 time segments each. The duration for each segment is .618034 seconds, which is the Golden Mean of one second, represented in a horizontal space of .34375 inches. The horizontal space/time-frame proportion is consistent but the actual duration of sounds are only approximate. The duration of the entire composition is 10.54778 minutes with a total horizontal space of 352 inches. The structure of the composition as a whole has no relationship to any of the traditional forms does contain a focus of formal structure at time-frame number 632, the Golden Mean. This focus is expressed by a density of sound events in all parts.

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