Childhood micronutrient deficiencies have negative effects on cognition. Little is known about the effects of combined consumption of micronutrients and sugar on growth and cognitive function. The aim of this thesis was to 1) investigate the effects of micronutrients and sugar, alone and in combination, in a beverage, on growth and cognition in South African children and 2) review recent evidence on iron status and anaemia prevalence in South African children since the National Food Consumption Survey-Fortification Baseline-2005 (NFCS-FB-2005). Children (n = 408, 6−11 years) were randomly allocated to a beverage containing 1) micronutrients with sugar, 2) micronutrients with non-nutritive sweetener, 3) no micronutrients with sugar, or 4) no micronutrients with non-nutritive sweetener for 8.5 months. Cognition was assessed using sub-tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II. Growth was assessed as weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age and body-mass-index-for-age z-scores. Relevant internet search engines identified studies reporting iron status of South African children after 2005. Secondary analysis was conducted on NFCS-FB-2005 provincial data for children 7−9 years old. Positive intervention effects were observed for micronutrients (0.76; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.42) and sugar (0.71; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.37) on Atlantis (measure learning ability), and sugar on Rover (measure simultaneous processing) (0.72; 96% CI: 0.08, 1.35) test scores. Attenuating micronutrient x sugar interactions were observed on Atlantis, Number Recall (measure sequential processing) and Rover test performance. Micronutrients or sugar alone lowered WAZ. In combination, this effect was attenuated (significant micronutrient x sugar interaction). Four studies from four different provinces were identified. All reported lower anaemia prevalence than the NFCS-FB-2005 (KwaZulu-Natal (11.5% vs 14.4%), North West (6.9% vs 27%) Western Cape (17.2% vs 18.8%) and Northern Cape (5.4% vs 22.2%). A beverage fortified with micronutrients or added sugar had beneficial effects on cognition, but a lowering effect on WAZ in the children. Unexpectedly, the combination of micronutrients and sugar attenuated these effects. In the identified studies, anaemia prevalence in school-aged children was lower than reported in the NFCS-FB-2005. / Thesis (PhD (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The adequate intake of micronutrients is important to maintain optimal health and prevent nutritional disorders and chronic disease. Studies have shown that medical students often reduce self-care behaviors and lack adequate dietary intake, leading to nutritional deficiencies. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, measurements of micronutrient levels in a sample of allied health and nursing students were compared to Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) values. NutritionQuest Data-on-Demand System was used to analyze nutrients and food group intake. The postpositivist paradigm was used to examine how the independent and dependent variables relate to each other. Using a one-sample t test, a comparison of average micronutrient intake among study participants with RDA values for those micronutrients showed that average micronutrient intake in the study population was higher than recommended values. Two sample t-test results showed no significant difference in average intake of micronutrients among participants with high and low income levels, or with high and low stress levels. As the normality assumption was not satisfied by the outcome variables, nonparametric tests were used to evaluate hypotheses. While this finding does not support the original hypothesis, it could have implications for the role of allied health and nursing practitioners in the care of both their patients and members of their medical team. Conversely, an assumption of this study was that a high level of similarity between the traditional medical student population and the allied health and nursing population in terms of nutritional habits may have led to a flaw in the overall research hypothesis. The detection of micronutrient deficiencies in students can bring awareness to improve nutritional intake and initiate a change in how public health officials advocate healthy and balanced diets.

Pulverizações foliares são amplamente utilizadas para evitar ou reverter sintomas de deficiência de manganês (Mn). A demanda por fertilizantes com maior eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes introduziu novas tecnologias às fontes utilizadas, com destaque para os nanomateriais. Fontes insolúveis em água (suspensão concentrada) são comercializadas sob o argumento de liberação gradual, com efeito prolongado de fornecimento do nutriente à planta. Contudo, o aproveitamento pelas plantas é em grande parte ainda desconhecido. Perante essa problemática, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi comprovar a eficiência da aplicação foliar de fontes insolúveis para o fornecimento de Mn em plantas de soja; avaliando seu efeito na absorção, transporte e redistribuição do Mn, nos componentes de produção, produtividade e metabolismo da soja, comparado a uma fonte solúvel de Mn. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em campo nas safras 2015/2016 e 2016/2017 e outros dois em casa de vegetação utilizando solos de diferentes texturas. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas fontes de Mn (Carbonato e Sulfato); quatro doses (150, 250, 350 e 450 g ha-1) e um controle (sem Mn), aplicados via foliar no estádio V4. Outros dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos em câmara de crescimento sob condições controladas em solução nutritiva. Os tratamentos foram compostos por duas fontes insolúveis (MnCO3-nano, 80-100 nm e MnCO3-suspensão concentrada) e uma fonte solúvel (MnSO4), comparados a um controle positivo (Mn-Adequado) e a um controle negativo (Mn-Baixo). No primeiro experimento, o primeiro trifólio totalmente expandido foi imerso nos tratamentos por 10 segundos duas vezes por dia, durante 4 dias. No segundo experimento, as aplicações foliares foram realizadas no estádio V5 pulverizando os tratamentos em toda a parte aérea. Nos experimentos em campo as fontes de Mn e as doses não proporcionaram incrementos de produtividade, apesar do teor de Mn nos trifólios ser maior nas plantas que receberam aplicação de MnSO4 em comparação ao MnCO3. Em casa de vegetação a textura do solo não influenciou a resposta da soja à aplicação foliar de Mn. As plantas que receberam aplicação de MnSO4 apresentaram maiores teores nos trifólios. Em câmera de crescimento, as folhas de soja foram capazes de absorver e transportar o Mn proveniente das fontes MnSO4, MnCO3-nano e MnCO3-SC. O MnSO4 foi absorvido e transportado em maiores quantidades pelas plantas de soja, sua aplicação atenuou os sintomas visuais de deficiência de Mn, promoveu aumento na concentração de clorofila e carboidratos solúveis e reduziu a atividade da enzima guaiacol peroxidase, amenizando os efeitos do estresse oxidativo ocasionado pela deficiência de Mn nas plantas de soja. Os resultados indicam que fontes insolúveis de Mn tem baixa capacidade de absorção foliar e transporte, não alterando o metabolismo da soja quando comparado a fonte solúvel. / Foliar application is widely used to prevent or reverse symptoms of manganese (Mn) deficiency. Demand for fertilizers with greater use efficiency of nutrients introduced new technologies to used sources, with emphasis on nanomaterials. Water-insoluble sources (concentrated suspension) are marketed under the argument of gradual release, with prolonged effect of supplying the nutrient to the plant. However, the use by plants is largely remains unknown. Faced with this problem, the objective was to prove the efficiency of foliar application of insoluble sources for Mn supply in soybean plants; evaluating the effect on the absorption, transport and redistribution of Mn on soybean production components, yield and metabolism, compared to a soluble source of Mn. Two field experiments were conducted during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons and others two experiments in greenhouse using soils of different textures. The treatments were composed of the sources of Mn (Carbonate and Sulfate); four rates (150, 250, 350 and 450 g ha-1) and one control (without Mn), applied in the V4 stage. Two other experiments were carried out in a growth chamber under controlled conditions in nutrient solution. The treatments were composed for two insoluble sources (MnCO3-nano, 80-100 nm and MnCO3-concentrated suspension) and a soluble source (MnSO4), compared to a positive control (Mn-Adequate) and a negative control. In the first experiment, the first fully expanded trifoliate leaflet was immersed in the treatments for 10 seconds twice a day for 4 days. In the second experiment, the foliar applications were carried out in the V5 stage, spraying the treatments in all shoot part. In the field experiments the Mn sources and the rates did not provide yield increases, although Mn content in trifoliate leaflets was higher in the plants that received MnSO4 application comparing to MnCO3. In greenhouse the soil texture did influence the soybean response to Mn foliar application. Plants that received MnSO4 application had higher trifoliate leaflets levels of Mn. In a growth chamber, soybean leaves were able to absorb and transport Mn present in MnSO4, MnCO3-nano and MnCO3-SC. MnSO4 was better absorbed and transported by soybean plants, its application attenuated the visual symptoms of Mn deficiency, increased chlorophyll concentration, soluble carbohydrates and reduced the guaiacol peroxidase activity, dropping the effects of oxidative stress caused by Mn deficiency in soybean plants. The results indicate that insoluble sources of Mn have low foliar absorption and transport capacity, not altering the soybean metabolism when compared to soluble source.

The prevalent and ongoing exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) demands an understanding of the threat they pose and also a means in which to mitigate their potential toxicity. This thesis set out to investigate a phenomenon associated with a specific PCB congener, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), for the underpinnings of its mechanism, and also its usefulness as a toxin against which to establish a mitigative strategy. The phenomenon in particular is the disruption of hepatic trace elements, specifically an increase in copper and decreases in zinc, selenium, iron, and manganese in the liver. Four questions were posed to address the overarching goals: 1) When does micronutrient disruption occur in the context of liver pathology? 2) What metal transporters or chaperones are involved? 3) Can the previously shown beneficial micronutrient, zinc, alter the disruption and improve outcome? 4) What is occurring spatially within the liver acinus where micronutrients are distributed? By answering these four questions, a fundamental understanding of this occurrence will be ascertained. A chronology of PCB126-hepatotoxicity showed onset of liver pathology at 36 hours and later alterations in micronutrients at 3 days, suggesting disruption of hepatic trace elements is likely the result of liver degeneration. In addition, a key metal transport protein, metallothionein, was induced by PCB126. Utilizing a double knockout animal model, metallothionein was shown to abrogate some toxicity but had little involvement of micronutrient perturbation. Previous investigations have suggested the unique property of zinc in rescuing/preventing hepatic damage by a variety of toxic agents. Dietary zinc had a modest effect in ameliorating PCB126 hepatotoxicity and preserving micronutrient homeostasis. This suggests that the mitigative potential of zinc supplementation on PCB126 exposure is limited. Finally, a fine spatial investigation of the liver acinus was conducted to establish the levels of trace elements from the portal triad to the central vein. In addition, novel findings of high concentrations of extracellular zinc were discovered. In all, this dissertation has shown that disruption of hepatic micronutrients caused by PCB126 are likely the result of liver degeneration by means of disturbing the spatial trace element gradients and provides appropriate context for therapeutic/preventive strategies against PCBs.

Introduction: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is an end stage sequela occurring in 10% of patients with colorectal cancer. Palliative approaches have evolved over the past several decades and the role for surgical cytoreduction with hyperthermic intraperitoineal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has proven efficacy in several studies. Optimization of HIPEC therapy includes the addition of adjuncts to the carrier solution of intraperitoneal chemotherapy to improve tumor cell killing. In this study the addition of vitamin C, selenium, and quercetin ("micronutrient combination") to mitomycin C is evaluated in-vitro, and a novel murine model of HIPEC is developed using a hyperthermic chemotherapy infuser device designed de novo and printed on a 3D resin printer. Methods: HCT-116 cells were grown in culture and divided into treatment groups including: control, micronutrient combination, mitomycin C, and mitomycin C + micronutrient combination. Groups were cultured up to 72 hours after treatment and then subjected to MTT assay, crystal violet assay, trypan blue synergy assay, clonogenicity assay, cell cycle assessment by flow cytometry with propidium iodide, and western blotting for cleaved caspase-3. The infuser device was designed in a CAD environment, printed on a 3D resin printer, and underwent fluid temperature stability analysis and flow experiments by infusing methylene blue into live mice followed by necropsy and analysis of dyeing patterns. Results: MCC treated cells proliferated at 32.7%, and tumor cells treated with MCC + MNC carrier solution proliferated at 27.3%. Normothermic MCC and the MNC alone caused a 26.8% and 33.3% reduction in cell survival, and MCC delivered to cells in the micronutrient combination solution decreased cell survival by 53.2%. 95.3% and 99% of cells treated with MCC or MNC alone demonstrated viability, and 85% of cells treated with MCC + MNC demonstrated short term viability, suggesting synergy. HCT-116 clonogenicity is disrupted by MCC and MNC individually, and nonexistent in the MCC + MNC treatment group. Cleaved caspase-3 mediated apoptosis is upregulated by MCC, and by MNC to a lesser extent. Flow cytometry apoptosis demonstrates increased S-phase cell cycle arrest in the MCC + MNC sample. The mouse infuser HIPEC apparatus demonstrated an thorough distribution of blue dye in predictable regions of the abdomen with an acceptable range of hyperthermic regulation.

Micronutrient poor diets around the globe and in particular in the developing world cause deficiencies in iron and folic acid. This may be rectified by the incorporation of these micronutrients into currently running salt iodization processes. The objective of this project was to develop folic acid and iodine spray solutions to be ready for pilot scale testing and to investigate the stability of triple fortified salt containing iodine, folic acid and microencapsulated ferrous fumarate. The optimal spray solutions were buffered to pH 9 with a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer to stabilize folic acid and contained 1%-2% w/v folic acid and 1%-3% w/v iodine (as KIO3). They remained in solution and retained ≥80% of both micronutrients after 5 months of storage at 25ºC and 45ºC. Double fortified salt produced using these spray solutions retained 100% of both folic acid and iodine over a 5 month period when stored at ambient conditions. Unfortunately triple fortified salt did not sufficiently retain the micronutrients due to excess moisture absorption and inadequate encapsulation of iron.

Micronutrient poor diets around the globe and in particular in the developing world cause deficiencies in iron and folic acid. This may be rectified by the incorporation of these micronutrients into currently running salt iodization processes. The objective of this project was to develop folic acid and iodine spray solutions to be ready for pilot scale testing and to investigate the stability of triple fortified salt containing iodine, folic acid and microencapsulated ferrous fumarate. The optimal spray solutions were buffered to pH 9 with a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer to stabilize folic acid and contained 1%-2% w/v folic acid and 1%-3% w/v iodine (as KIO3). They remained in solution and retained ≥80% of both micronutrients after 5 months of storage at 25ºC and 45ºC. Double fortified salt produced using these spray solutions retained 100% of both folic acid and iodine over a 5 month period when stored at ambient conditions. Unfortunately triple fortified salt did not sufficiently retain the micronutrients due to excess moisture absorption and inadequate encapsulation of iron.

SILVA, Raimundo Thiago Lima da. Cultivo de girassol no município de Capitão Poço - PA: plastocrono, lâminas de água e adubação borácica. 2015. 83 f. Tese (Doutorado em agronomia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T20:17:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_rtlsilva.pdf: 2178319 bytes, checksum: bc5beff6f05b1048eff33beebeded755 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-31T23:39:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_rtlsilva.pdf: 2178319 bytes, checksum: bc5beff6f05b1048eff33beebeded755 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T23:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_rtlsilva.pdf: 2178319 bytes, checksum: bc5beff6f05b1048eff33beebeded755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The obtainment of information through the research has been decisive to provide technological support to sunflowers culture development, granting better productivities and economical incomes. Among the various technologies developed to sunflowers production, the adequate choice of cultivars constitutes one of the main components in the system of culture production. Considering the existence of the interaction genotypes x environment, researches are required, aiming to determine the agronomic behavior of genotypes and their adaptation to different environment conditions. Based on these principles, there were developed four experiments in Capitão Poço City, in Pará State, in Brazil, with two sunflower cultivars, Embrapa – 122 and Catissol. On experiment I, sunflower cultivars’ plastochron was determined, sowed in two seasons in the year. On experiment II, the effect of different water slides over the productive behavior of sunflower cultivars was evaluated, which were cultivated in protected behavior, aiming to define criteria to irrigation handling. On experiment III, there were evaluated seven doses of boron (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg plant-1) and a witness, on the growing characteristics and on sunflower plants production. And on Experiment IV, the objective was to verify the relative content of water, the concentrations of total soluble amino acids, of total soluble proteins, of free ammoniums, deprolina and the activity of nitrate reductase, in sunflower leaves, in function of two cultivars and of different water slides. Through the obtained results, it was concluded that: the sowing seasons, the sub periods of vegetative development and the cultivars, possess different rights over the plastochron in sunflowers, with variations of 14,6 to 8787,0 °C day knot-1; the cultivar Catissol obtained values of mass of dried matter from the aerial part, mass of dried matter from the flower and the flower diameter responded in a linear way to the water slides. The variables, production, mass of 100 achenes and the number of leaves, were optimized by small doses of boron; and, finally, the applied water slides influenced on the concentrations of amino acids, protein, proline, relative content of water and on the activity of nitrate reductase, on sunflower leaves, as the genetic material in studies, presented different results, to these variables, excepting for the activity of nitrate reductase. Therefore, it was realized that sunflowers make mechanisms of osmotic adjustment in leaves, to tolerate various situations of humidity of water in the soil. / A obtenção de informações por meio da pesquisa tem sido decisiva para dar suporte tecnológico ao desenvolvimento da cultura do girassol, garantindo maiores produtividades e retornos econômicos. Entre as várias tecnologias desenvolvidas para a produção de girassol, a escolha adequada de cultivares constitui um dos principais componentes do sistema de produção da cultura. Diante da existência de interação genótipos x ambientes, são necessárias pesquisas, a fim de determinar o comportamento agronômico dos genótipos e sua adaptação às diferentes condições locais. Partindo desse principio, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos no município de Capitão Poço, PA, com duas cultivares de girassol, a Embrapa - 122 e Catissol. No experimento I, determinou-se o plastocrono das cultivares de girassol, semeadas em duas épocas do ano. No experimento II, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes lâminas de água sobre o comportamento produtivo das cultivares de girassol, cultivadas em ambiente protegido, visando definir critérios para o manejo da irrigação. No experimento III, avaliaram-se sete doses de boro (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg e 70 mg planta-1) e uma testemunha, nas características de crescimento e produção de plantas de girassol. E no Experimento IV, o objetivo foi verificar o conteúdo relativo de água, as concentrações, de aminoácidos solúveis totais, de proteínas solúveis totais, de amônio livre, de prolina e a atividade da redutase do nitrato, em folhas de girassol, em função de duas cultivares e de diferentes lâminas de água. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que: as épocas de semeadura, os subperíodos de desenvolvimento vegetativo e as cultivares, possuem efeito direto sobre o plastocrono em girassol, com variações de 14,6 a 87,0 °C dia nó-1; a cultivar Catissol obteve valores de massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, massa de matéria seca do capítulo e o diâmetro do capítulo superior a Embrapa – 122; para o efeito das lâminas de água, a massa de 100 aquênios, a produção por planta, a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, a massa de matéria seca do capítulo e o diâmetro do capítulo responderam de modo linear as lâminas de água. As variáveis, produção, massa de 100 aquênios e número de folha, foram otimizadas por pequenas doses de boro; e por fim, as lâminas de água aplicadas influenciaram nas concentrações de aminoácidos, de proteína, de prolina, do conteúdo relativo de água e na atividade da redutase do nitrato, nas folhas de girassol, assim como o material genético em estudo, apresentou resultados diferenciados, para essas variáveis, com exceção da atividade da redutase do nitrato. Portanto, percebeu-se que o girassol desempenha mecanismos de ajustamento osmótico nas folhas, para tolerar diversas situações de umidade de água no solo.

Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-10T17:58:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-22T14:06:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-22T18:09:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-22T18:12:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-22T19:44:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-23T11:57:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-23T12:57:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-23T13:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-23T13:34:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-23T17:24:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-23T17:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-24T12:05:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-24T12:39:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-24T16:47:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-24T17:31:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-27T11:40:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-27T12:31:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-27T13:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-27T18:08:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T12:13:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T14:22:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T14:31:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T14:37:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T19:04:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-30T18:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-04T14:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-05T14:11:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Submitted by MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ AGUILAR null (aguilar.318@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-11T18:47:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doses e épocas de aplicação de molibdênio no milho-doce.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2017-12-13T13:04:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lopezaguilar_ma_me_jabo.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T13:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lopezaguilar_ma_me_jabo.pdf: 544471 bytes, checksum: f237dda690f871fec7cdaa9ad3751c02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-07 / Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) / Considerando que a aplicação de molibdênio, via foliar, pode proporcionar aumentos na produção do milho-doce e que a época de aplicação pode afetar a efetividade de sua ação, realizou-se um experimento, no período de agosto a novembro de 2015, em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico do milho-doce em resposta à adubação molíbdica foliar e épocas de aplicação. O teor foliar de molibdênio (Mo) foi influenciado pela interação dos fatores. O maior teor foi observado quando se aplicou a maior dose de Mo (450 mg ha-1) na terceira época (45 dias após a emergência - DAE), o qual foi equivalente ao incremento de 1.2% no teor do micronutriente nas folhas em relação ao observado em plantas não tratadas com Mo. O teor de nitrogênio foliar também foi maior com a aplicação da dose mais alta de Mo. Máximo número (49.477) e produtividade (13.211 kg ha-1) de espigas comerciais foram obtidos com 315 e 311 g ha-1 de Mo, respectivamente. Máxima produtividade de grãos (5.055 kg ha-1) foi atingida com a dose de 334 g ha-1 do micronutriente. / Considering that the foliar application of molybdenum promotes an increased yield in sweet corn crop and that the application timing might affect its efficacy, this experiment was carried out from August to November of 2015, in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet corn in response to rates and times foliar application of molybdenum. Molybdenum (Mo) foliar content influenced by the interaction between the assessed factors, with the highest value corresponding to the highest Mo dose (450 mg ha-1 ) at the third application moment (45 days after emergence – DAE), representing a 1,2% increase when compared to plants that did not receive this micronutrient. Foliar content of N also was enhanced with the application of the highest dose of Mo. The highest number (49,477) and yield (13,211 kg ha-1 ) of commercial ears were reached with 315 and 311 g ha-1 of Mo, respectively. The highest grain yield (5,055 kg ha-1 ) was obtained with 334 g ha-1 of the micronutrient. / 579743/410472

Folate degradation in micronutrient fortified corn masa and tortillas was evaluated using masa prepared from either nixtamalized corn flour or fresh nixtamal. A laboratory evaluation of the effects of pH, iron, and holding time at elevated temperature on folate loss in corn flour masa failed to show significant differences in any variable-treatment combination. An additional study was conducted at a commercial tortilla mill in Guadalajara, Mexico using masa prepared from fresh nixtamal. Commercial nixtamal was fortified with one of two different micronutrient premixes, containing iron, zinc, riboflavin, thiamin, niacin and either unencapsulated or lipid-encapsulated folic acid. A batch of each fortified masa and an unfortified control batch were prepared on each of two consecutive days. Folate loss in prepared masa increased with prebake masa holding time for both premixes. Encapsulated folic acid showed a significantly lower percent loss from theoretical, indicating a protective effect from the lipid coating. No significant differences in folate levels were found between prebake masa and baked tortillas. Holding baked tortillas for up to 12 hours also had no effect on folate levels. Results indicate that added folic acid is degraded during the grinding process, as well as during pre-bake holding of masa. Native folate showed no significant loss.