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This study utilized a mixed methods design. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase of the study, a secondary data analysis of data were collected from a sample (n = 390) of middle and high school students who participated in a truancy pilot program launched during the 2012-2013 school year with follow-up services provided through June 2014. The sample was divided into two groups (treatment and control). The treatment group was diverted from court referral and participated in an intervention consisting of in-home counseling and case management services. The control group was referred to court and went through the traditional court process and received no treatment services. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured through the collection of pre and post intervention data consisting of the number of unexcused absences, disciplinary referrals, beginning and final grades in English, math, science, and social studies. As a final variable, retention and promotion rates were examined. The effectiveness of the truancy reduction intervention was measured by the amount of reduction in these variables following the implementation of the treatment. Data in the first phase of the study were collected by the Family Assessment and Planning Team (FAPT) in partnership with the school district and other agencies. Further analysis was performed in Phase II of the study utilizing a single school case study design. Qualitative case study is an approach to research that allows the researcher to explore a phenomenon within its context using a variety of data sources. For this phase of the study, data were collected through a survey and a focus group using a sample of students from the treatment and control group of the truancy pilot program. The focus group was designed to gain insight from the voices of the students regarding their perceptions of the factors that influence truancy and the effectiveness of truancy intervention. The statistical procedures used to examine the quantitative data included Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Chi Square. Analysis of data collected in Phase I of the study revealed that there was no difference in the effect of treatment for students who were diverted from court to treatment services and those who went through the traditional court process and received no treatment. This finding was supported by results of the analysis of data from the survey and focus group. Results indicated that students did not perceive either invention as being more effective than the other in reducing their truancy. Further, results of the survey and focus group indicated that school factors, not family factors, had the greatest impact on the students’ nonattendance. School factors such as safety, teacher and student relationships, and teacher expectations were identified as primary themes. The findings suggest that the truancy pilot intervention’s focus on family factors as a means of reducing chronic truancy may have been focused in the wrong direction. .

Information Technology (IT) jobs are in demand in the United States and rural Appalachian communities are attracting IT businesses. The need to fill IT jobs creates a workforce opportunity for these communities where students have limited access to academic and career resources. The Upward Bound and Talent Search programs respond to the academic and career needs of disadvantaged students and aim to educate students about high skills jobs but little is known about interest in IT careers among middle and high school students in rural Appalachia. This study validates models of IT career interest and parental support of IT careers in girls and boys enrolled in Upward Bound or Talent Search in rural communities in Virginia using the theoretical framework of self-authorship. The theory of self-authorship explores the development of meaning-making in individuals and offers a context-specific way to study interest in IT careers. Results indicate interest in IT careers but the path to IT career interest is different among girls and boys. Girls are relying on others for career advice more often than boys and there is direct association between the information sources and interest in IT careers. Parental support is important in IT career interest for both girls and boys. Other important variables indicating an interest in IT careers are computer use and positive attitudes toward IT workers. Receiving information from sources such as parents, teachers, counselors, and friends is especially important to girls. Findings from this study can be used to inform practices and policies for Upward Bound and Talent Search. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mercedes Villar Fiel.pdf: 7251008 bytes, checksum: 2decc28b175e746dbf050a5389b1061e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-10 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T17:25:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mercedes Villar Fiel.pdf.jpg: 1943 bytes, checksum: cc73c4c239a4c332d642ba1e7c7a9fb2 (MD5) Dissertacao Mercedes Villar Fiel.pdf: 7251008 bytes, checksum: 2decc28b175e746dbf050a5389b1061e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study presents a strong connection between mathematics education and citizenship, focusing on teaching commercial or financial mathematics based on the perspectives of ethnomathematics. We start presenting a few considerations about the concepts: education, citizenship, financial mathematics and, ethnomathematics. Continuing, we investigate how the official documents write about education: the Law of Directives and Bases (LDB), the National Curricular Directives (DCN) and, the National Curricula Parameters (PCN) always looking for financial mathematics and citizenship. We found out that these documents propose that education should provide the students with the ability of exercising their rights as citizens and somehow it include financial mathematics. Investigating text books we found that the recommendations from the official documents are not being followed because these books do not approach citizenship or financial mathematics. In order to gain information about the work in classrooms we did interviews with teachers. All of them agree that it is important to teach, at the basic level of education, financial mathematics and link it to citizenship and, they pointed that some experiments were done but very isolated and usually are not diffused among teachers. We present a teaching experiment that took place with six and seven grade students and, end up with a proposal for us teachers that is based on ethnomathematics to teach financial mathematics as a linkage to citizenship. / RESUMO Este trabalho propõe um elo entre Educação Matemática e cidadania, focando o ensino de matemática financeira fundamentado na perspectiva da etnomatemática. Iniciamos apresentando algumas considerações a respeito dos conceitos: educação, cidadania, matemática financeira e etnomatemática. Seguimos buscando informações sobre a visão de educação contemplada nos documentos oficiais: Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) e Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs), tendo nosso olhar voltado para a matemática financeira e a cidadania. Observamos que tais documentos propõem que a educação seja voltada à capacitação do aluno ao pleno exercício da cidadania e de alguma forma inclui a matemática financeira. Investigamos, também, a abordagem dos livros didáticos e constatamos que a visão presente nos documentos oficiais praticamente não é contemplada pois apresentam deficiência ao tratar da cidadania assim como é escasso um trabalho com a matemática financeira. Entrevistamos professores de diferentes níveis de ensino e vimos que é unânime a visão de que é importante trabalhar a matemática financeira unida à cidadania na educação básica, apontaram também que alguns trabalhos nessa direção já existem mas são pouco difundidos entre os professores. Apresentamos, então, uma experiência realizada com sextas e sétimas séries do ensino fundamental. Finalizamos este trabalho com uma proposta direcionada a nós professores fundamentada na perspectiva da etnomatemática para o ensino da matemática financeira como elo à cidadania.

Kinetic studies determining the second order rate constants for the monoepoxidation of cyclic dienes, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-cyclooctadiene, and the epoxidation of cis-/trans-2-hexenes by dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) were carried out using UV methodology. Consistent with published results, the kinetics of cis-/trans-2-hexenes by DMDO showed greater reactivity of the cis-isomer compared to that of the trans-compound. Molecular modeling studies for the epoxidation of a series of cis-/trans-alkenes, by DMDO were carried out using the DFT approach. The mechanism of epoxidation by DMDO was modeled by determining the transition state geometry and calculating the electronic activation energies and relative reactivities. The calculations were consistent with a concerted, electrophilic, exothermic process with a spiro-transition state for all cases. Kinetic studies for the monoepoxidation of the cyclic dienes showed a greater reactivity for 1,3-cyclohexadiene compared to that for 1,3-cyclooctadiene. The DFT method was employed to successfully model the transition state for the monoepoxidation of the cyclic dienes by DMDO and successfully predict the relative reactivities. Student misconceptions, at the high school and/or middle school level involving energy changes and chemical reactions have been prevalently noted in literature (by ACS and AAAS). Two examples of these misconceptions are: 1) heat is always needed to initiate a chemical reaction and 2) all chemical reactions create or destroy energy. In order to address these types of misconceptions, an educational module detailing the influence of energy changes on chemical reactions has been developed in conjunction with the Bio-bus program for middle and high school students. Visual aids and hands-on activities were developed in the module to potentially help students overcome/deal with the common misconceptions. Surveys were designed to access the situations (determine the extent of the misconceptions) and the effectiveness of the educational module, before and immediately after the module and one-month later to determine retention. The educational module has been presented to approximately 100 high school students from underrepresented communities. Pre-survey data confirmed the presence of the common misconceptions reported in the literature. Data from the post-survey indicated the new instructional module enhanced the student’s interest of science and expanded their content knowledge and laboratory skills. The post-survey data (immediately following the module) showed a significant difference in two out of five misconceptions when compared to the pre-survey data. However, this significance decreased when the 1-month post-survey data were compared to the pre-survey data.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Situada no campo da histÃria e memÃria da educaÃÃo, esta pesquisa investiga o processo de formaÃÃo e profissionalizaÃÃo de professoras leigas do municÃpio de ItapiÃna/CE. Objetivou-se investigar a constituiÃÃo das trajetÃrias de formaÃÃo e profissionalizaÃÃo de professoras leigas da zona rural do municÃpio de ItapiÃna/CE, entre o final da dÃcada de 1960 a 1990, perÃodo em que as professoras vivenciaram suas experiÃncias docentes e cursaram o 1 e 2 graus atravÃs dos cursos de qualificaÃÃo destinados aos professores. Para tal intento, utilizou-se a histÃria oral enquanto mÃtodo de investigaÃÃo, tendo por base as entrevistas narrativas, nas quais um grupo de 10 (dez) professoras discorreu acerca de seus processos de formaÃÃo e profissionalizaÃÃo docentes. A anÃlise foi feita a partir de fragmentos significativos das narrativas dos sujeitos. O aporte teÃrico utilizado baseou-se nos postulados de Certeau (2002), Hobsbawm (1995) e Le Goff (2005) acerca da compreensÃo da histÃria e de sua escritura. Com relaÃÃo à HistÃria Oral, buscaram-se as idÃias de Thompson (1992) e Jucà (2001). A respeito das histÃrias de vida tiveram-se as contribuiÃÃes de Souza (2006) e Jucà (2001). As anÃlises das narrativas referentes à formaÃÃo e profissionalizaÃÃo docentes apoiaram-se nas idÃias de ImbernÃn (2009), Moita (2000), NÃvoa (1995, 1999), Pimenta (1997); Ribeiro (2010) e Tardif & Lessard (2007). Sobre as questÃes relativas aos professores leigos corroboraram Cortez (2006), Onesti (1985), Souza (1985), Passos & Daniel (1985). Jà em relaÃÃo aos cursos de qualificaÃÃo de professores leigos foram imprescindÃveis as idÃias de Tesser (1992), Sousa & Dreifuss (1986) e Onesti (1985). A anÃlise das narrativas possibilitou evidenciar o modo como as professoras vivenciaram suas experiÃncias de formaÃÃo escolar situadas num contexto de dificuldades e de superaÃÃo. Mostram ainda as condiÃÃes precÃrias de trabalho no inÃcio da profissÃo docente e a sistemÃtica da realizaÃÃo dos cursos de qualificaÃÃo de 1 e 2 graus destinados aos professores leigos. A investigaÃÃo demonstra que os elementos do contexto histÃrico e geogrÃfico de dada regiÃo influenciam direta ou indiretamente as aÃÃes dos sujeitos forjando estratÃgias de superaÃÃo ou acomodando-se ao meio em que estÃo situados. Elucida que a dinÃmica do processo investigativo se dà num movimento de construÃÃo que favorece a compreensÃo dos fenÃmenos sociais, mesmo que se perceba os limites da ciÃncia, visto que a realidade à sempre mais complexa. Evidencia que a formaÃÃo e a profissionalizaÃÃo docente sÃo processos que estÃo intrinsecamente ligados, visto que se inter-relacionam e se completam num movimento contÃnuo de aprendizagem e modificaÃÃes que vivem cada docente. O estudo demonstra ainda que a formaÃÃo feita de modo aligeirado fragmenta o saber necessÃrio a uma boa atuaÃÃo docente, embora favoreÃa a melhoria da prÃtica educativa. Considera tambÃm a necessidade de outras investigaÃÃes, sobretudo, no que diz respeito aos resultados do trabalho dos professores leigos / Placed in the realm of history and memory of education, this research investigates the process of education and professionalization of lay teachers in the town of ItapiÃna/CE. The aim was to investigate the constitution of trajectories of education and professionalization of lay teachers of the rural area of the town ItapiÃna/CE, between the end of the 1960âs to 1990, period in which the teachers lived their teaching experiences and received their elementary, middle and high school diplomas through the qualification programs aimed at teachers. For that, oral history was employed as the investigation method, underpinned by narrative interviews, in which a group of 10 (ten) teachers talked about their processes of teacher education and professionalization. The analysis was made from meaningful fragments of the narratives of the subjects. The theoretical framework employed was based on the postulates of Certeau (2002), Hobsbawm(1995) and Le Goff (2005) on the understanding of history and its writing. In what regards Oral History, the ideas of Thompson (1992) and Jucà (2001) were sought. Regarding life histories there were the contributions of Souza (2006) and Jucà (2001). The analyses of the narratives regarding teacher education and professionalization were based on the ideas of ImbernÃn (2009), Moita (2000), NÃvoa (1995, 1999), Pimenta (1997); Ribeiro (2010) and Tardif & Lessard (2007). The issues regarding lay teachers were corroborated by Cortez (2006), Onesti (1985), Souza (1985), Passos & Daniel (1985). As to what concerns the qualification programs for lay teachers, the ideas of Tesser (1992), Sousa & Dreifuss (1986) and Onesti (1985) were indispensable. The analyses of the narratives made possible to evidence the way that lay teachers lived their experiences of school education situated within a context of difficulties and the overcoming of limitations. They also show the precarious working conditions in the early stages of the teaching practice and the logistics of realization of the qualification programs of elementary, middle and high school levels for the lay teachers. The investigation demonstrates that the elements of the historical and geographical context of a given region influences directly or indirectly the actions of the subjects, yielding strategies to overcome limitations or to be satisfied with the environment in which they are situated. It elucidates that the dynamics of the investigation process takes place in a movement of construction that favors the understanding of the social phenomena, even if one perceives the limitations of Science, once reality is always more complex. It evidences that teacher education and professionalization are intrinsically linked processes, as they inter-relate and complete each other in a continuous movement of learning and changes that each teacher experiences. The study also demonstrates that the teacher education carried out hurriedly fragments the knowledge that is necessary to a good teaching performance, even though it favors the improvement of the educational practice. It also considers the need of further investigation, especially in what regards the outcomes of the work of the lay teachers.

Submitted by TEREZINHA FERREIRA DA SILVA COLOMBO (tfcolombo@terra.com.br) on 2018-06-21T12:06:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese definitivaPARA BIBLIOTECA.pdf: 5019069 bytes, checksum: 9109a416a0d0ec52d5e5c85d6774d33a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-06-21T13:31:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 colombo_tfs_dr_mar.pdf: 5019069 bytes, checksum: 9109a416a0d0ec52d5e5c85d6774d33a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T13:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 colombo_tfs_dr_mar.pdf: 5019069 bytes, checksum: 9109a416a0d0ec52d5e5c85d6774d33a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / Não recebi financiamento / O convívio escolar é fonte de desenvolvimento da cidadania. E é no espaço escolar que as relações se estabelecem e a natureza dessas relações depende da formação autônoma de cada indivíduo. Isso nos remete à dinâmica peculiar e inerente ao ambiente educacional: o clima escolar. O clima escolar é caracterizado pela síntese das percepções dos integrantes da instituição com relação a várias dimensões que se inter-relacionam tais como aprendizagem, relacionamentos sociais, segurança, justiça, participação, infraestrutura e pertencimento. Portanto, para conhecer o clima de uma escola é preciso investigar o conjunto de percepções em relação à instituição pelos seus integrantes, o que poderá propiciar à escola a ampliação do conhecimento de sua realidade com vistas a futuras propostas de intervenção. E nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral compreender como alunos e professores percebem e avaliam o clima escolar de uma instituição educativa de Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio, e se haveria uma relação entre a qualidade da avaliação apresentada pelos alunos com o desempenho escolar por eles alcançado. Por específicos: averiguar o clima escolar com professores e alunos de Ensinos Fundamental II e Médio; relacionar os dados do clima, a partir das percepções dos alunos, com os de desempenho desses mesmos sujeitos; comparar as percepções dos alunos conforme o nível de ensino e as dos professores com as dos alunos, dando-se especial atenção às dimensões “Ensino e Aprendizagem”, “Relações Sociais e conflitos na escola” e “As regras, as sanções e a segurança na escola”. A metodologia é do tipo descritivo e próxima do nível explicativo e quanto à natureza dos dados é quantitativa e correlacional. Os instrumentos para avaliação do clima escolar são questionários específicos, construídos para a realidade escolar brasileira, destinados a alunos, professores e gestores, os quais foram validados, e mensuram as seguintes dimensões: relações com o ensino e a aprendizagem; relações sociais e conflitos; regras, sanções e segurança; situações de intimidação entre os alunos, relações entre a família, comunidade e a escola; infraestrutura e a rede física da escola; relações com o trabalho; e gestão e participação. Os questionários de clima escolar foram aplicados para 214 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II (do 7º ao 9º ano); 203 alunos do Ensino Médio (1ª a 3ª séries) e 35 professores dos dois níveis de ensino. Os resultados indicaram que as avaliações mais positivas foram apresentadas pelos professores, seguidas pelas dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental II e, por fim, pelos alunos do Ensino Médio. Podemos ainda atestar que as avaliações das dimensões que compõem o clima escolar, ficaram entre positivas e intermediárias respectivamente. Verificou-se também que uma avaliação mais positiva do clima favorece um melhor desempenho nas diferentes disciplinas por eles cursadas. Entretanto isto não se confirmou para todas as variáveis das dimensões avaliadas. Outro ponto a ressaltar refere-se à variável “Crença nos estudos”, que pode influenciar de forma positiva o desempenho em todas as disciplinas nos dois níveis de ensino. Esperamos que essa pesquisa possa fornecer subsídios para que a instituição escolar amplie seu conhecimento acerca da realidade de seu clima escolar, para que consiga, a partir desse diagnóstico, refletir sobre e sistematizar intervenções voltadas à melhoria da convivência na escola. / Coexisting in the school environment is a way to learn how to be an active citizen. Relationships are established in the school, and their nature depends on the development and upbringing of each person. There is a peculiar dynamic regarding the school environment: the school climate, characterized by the synthesis of the perceptions of all members of the institution. This climate has many interrelated dimensions, like learning, social relationships, safety, justice, participation, infrastructure and the sense of belonging. To know the climate in a school one needs to investigate how its members perceive the institution. This investigation can help the school enhance its knowledge of the situation, in order to provide means of further intervention. In this context, the general objective of this research was to understand how teachers and students of a middle and high school institution perceive and evaluate the climate of the school, in order to understand if there is a direct correlation between the qualitative evaluation expressed by the students and their academic performance. The specific purpose was to understand how these teachers and students assess the school climate; correlate all data, regarding the perception of the students, to their performance; compare the perceptions of students and teachers according to their level, giving special attention to the themes “Teaching and learning”, “Social relationships and conflicts in school” and “Rules, sanctions and safety in school”. The method was descritive, near explanative level, the nature of the data was quantitative and correlational. The tools used to evaluate the climate of the school environment were specifical questionnaires, built and adapted to the reality of the Brazilian educational system, destined to be answered by students, teachers and members of the school board. These questionnaires were validated and were to used to assess the following subjects: relationship between teaching and learning; social relationships and conflicts; rules, sanctions and safety; bullying among students; how family, community and school interact; infrastructure and school facilities; work relationships; management and participation. The questionnaires were given to 214 middle-school students (7th to 9th grades), 203 high-school students (10th to 12th grades) and 35 teachers of both school grades. The results indicated that the most positive evaluations came from the teachers, followed by the evaluations given by middle school students and last by the evaluations of the high school students. The school climate was rated, respectively, between positive and satisfactory. It was possible to conclude that a better academic performance was directly related to the satisfaction with the school climate expressed by the student. This, however, could not be applied to all variables. Another point worth of mention is the variable “Belief in study”, that can have positively affect performance in all disciplines of both school grades. We hope this research can provide subsidies for the educational institution to enhance its knowledge of the reality of the school climate, in order to consider interventions destined to improve the relationships among all that live together in the same educational space.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the leadership decision making process associated with pursuing innovative educational programs. The study investigated the experiences of leaders involved in pursuing Tech Prep Demonstration Project grants at two early-innovator California community colleges. A qualitative investigation was conducted utilizing descriptive case study methodologies. The researcher conducted focused interviews with individuals in leadership positions at the time the decision to pursue a Tech Prep Demonstration Project grant was made at these two community colleges. The study was guided by a data-analysis spiral. The data analysis spiral enabled the researcher to organize and examine large amounts of data in a systematic fashion. The study found that the decision-making process was facilitated by eight factors: (a) Environmental scanning by a designated person or by middle management; (b) preexisting intersegmental long term relationships with key individuals outside their institution; (c) prior knowledge of a related innovation; (d) personal and professional experience and frustration with a lack of educational options for K-12 students; (e) educational values that aligned with the innovation being pursued; (f) preexisting structures that allowed leaders to expand existing programming rather than to initiate new programming; (g) early reservations and challenges; and (h) post decision-making issues. These factors each played a large part in defining whether an environment in which innovations are considered exists in certain community colleges, as well as in K-12 schools. The community college leaders who took part in this decision making process had a great deal of professional experience to build upon. They used that experience to form relationships with K-12 leaders, who became their partners in educational reform. These partnerships were made possible because the colleges possessed sufficient organizational slack, and utilized that slack to pursue innovative programming. An earlier federal policy, the Tech Prep component of the 1990 Carl Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, may have had limited success in meeting its own goals, but produced the strong intersegmental relationships that the TPDP was built upon. In addition, the study confirmed the decision-making stages described by Rogers (2003) and defined a sixth stage, the "resolution stage," in which decision makers step back and take time to reflect on the innovation itself and the process used to make the decision to implement or not implement the innovation, as well as correcting early assumptions that proved to be false. The resolution stage provided leaders with time to step back and reflect on their original goals and on the progress of the innovation in order to make course corrections as necessary.

ARAÚJO, Maria das Graças de. Trajetórias de formação e profissionalização de professoras leigas do Município de Itapiuna/Ce. 2010. 164f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-30T16:42:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_MGAraujo.pdf: 1046122 bytes, checksum: bde1fba16614ce846cb0d761a2b4f7fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-01T15:55:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_MGAraujo.pdf: 1046122 bytes, checksum: bde1fba16614ce846cb0d761a2b4f7fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-01T15:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_MGAraujo.pdf: 1046122 bytes, checksum: bde1fba16614ce846cb0d761a2b4f7fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Placed in the realm of history and memory of education, this research investigates the process of education and professionalization of lay teachers in the town of Itapiúna/CE. The aim was to investigate the constitution of trajectories of education and professionalization of lay teachers of the rural area of the town Itapiúna/CE, between the end of the 1960’s to 1990, period in which the teachers lived their teaching experiences and received their elementary, middle and high school diplomas through the qualification programs aimed at teachers. For that, oral history was employed as the investigation method, underpinned by narrative interviews, in which a group of 10 (ten) teachers talked about their processes of teacher education and professionalization. The analysis was made from meaningful fragments of the narratives of the subjects. The theoretical framework employed was based on the postulates of Certeau (2002), Hobsbawm(1995) and Le Goff (2005) on the understanding of history and its writing. In what regards Oral History, the ideas of Thompson (1992) and Jucá (2001) were sought. Regarding life histories there were the contributions of Souza (2006) and Jucá (2001). The analyses of the narratives regarding teacher education and professionalization were based on the ideas of Imbernón (2009), Moita (2000), Nóvoa (1995, 1999), Pimenta (1997); Ribeiro (2010) and Tardif & Lessard (2007). The issues regarding lay teachers were corroborated by Cortez (2006), Onesti (1985), Souza (1985), Passos & Daniel (1985). As to what concerns the qualification programs for lay teachers, the ideas of Tesser (1992), Sousa & Dreifuss (1986) and Onesti (1985) were indispensable. The analyses of the narratives made possible to evidence the way that lay teachers lived their experiences of school education situated within a context of difficulties and the overcoming of limitations. They also show the precarious working conditions in the early stages of the teaching practice and the logistics of realization of the qualification programs of elementary, middle and high school levels for the lay teachers. The investigation demonstrates that the elements of the historical and geographical context of a given region influences directly or indirectly the actions of the subjects, yielding strategies to overcome limitations or to be satisfied with the environment in which they are situated. It elucidates that the dynamics of the investigation process takes place in a movement of construction that favors the understanding of the social phenomena, even if one perceives the limitations of Science, once reality is always more complex. It evidences that teacher education and professionalization are intrinsically linked processes, as they inter-relate and complete each other in a continuous movement of learning and changes that each teacher experiences. The study also demonstrates that the teacher education carried out hurriedly fragments the knowledge that is necessary to a good teaching performance, even though it favors the improvement of the educational practice. It also considers the need of further investigation, especially in what regards the outcomes of the work of the lay teachers. / Situada no campo da história e memória da educação, esta pesquisa investiga o processo de formação e profissionalização de professoras leigas do município de Itapiúna/CE. Objetivou-se investigar a constituição das trajetórias de formação e profissionalização de professoras leigas da zona rural do município de Itapiúna/CE, entre o final da década de 1960 a 1990, período em que as professoras vivenciaram suas experiências docentes e cursaram o 1º e 2º graus através dos cursos de qualificação destinados aos professores. Para tal intento, utilizou-se a história oral enquanto método de investigação, tendo por base as entrevistas narrativas, nas quais um grupo de 10 (dez) professoras discorreu acerca de seus processos de formação e profissionalização docentes. A análise foi feita a partir de fragmentos significativos das narrativas dos sujeitos. O aporte teórico utilizado baseou-se nos postulados de Certeau (2002), Hobsbawm (1995) e Le Goff (2005) acerca da compreensão da história e de sua escritura. Com relação à História Oral, buscaram-se as idéias de Thompson (1992) e Jucá (2001). A respeito das histórias de vida tiveram-se as contribuições de Souza (2006) e Jucá (2001). As análises das narrativas referentes à formação e profissionalização docentes apoiaram-se nas idéias de Imbernón (2009), Moita (2000), Nóvoa (1995, 1999), Pimenta (1997); Ribeiro (2010) e Tardif & Lessard (2007). Sobre as questões relativas aos professores leigos corroboraram Cortez (2006), Onesti (1985), Souza (1985), Passos & Daniel (1985). Já em relação aos cursos de qualificação de professores leigos foram imprescindíveis as idéias de Tesser (1992), Sousa & Dreifuss (1986) e Onesti (1985). A análise das narrativas possibilitou evidenciar o modo como as professoras vivenciaram suas experiências de formação escolar situadas num contexto de dificuldades e de superação. Mostram ainda as condições precárias de trabalho no início da profissão docente e a sistemática da realização dos cursos de qualificação de 1º e 2º graus destinados aos professores leigos. A investigação demonstra que os elementos do contexto histórico e geográfico de dada região influenciam direta ou indiretamente as ações dos sujeitos forjando estratégias de superação ou acomodando-se ao meio em que estão situados. Elucida que a dinâmica do processo investigativo se dá num movimento de construção que favorece a compreensão dos fenômenos sociais, mesmo que se perceba os limites da ciência, visto que a realidade é sempre mais complexa. Evidencia que a formação e a profissionalização docente são processos que estão intrinsecamente ligados, visto que se inter-relacionam e se completam num movimento contínuo de aprendizagem e modificações que vivem cada docente. O estudo demonstra ainda que a formação feita de modo aligeirado fragmenta o saber necessário a uma boa atuação docente, embora favoreça a melhoria da prática educativa. Considera também a necessidade de outras investigações, sobretudo, no que diz respeito aos resultados do trabalho dos professores leigos

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