A flexible, scalable, and asynchronous middleware abstract is needed for business process management, which involves thousands of tasks and a large number of running instances of large business processes. The content-based publish/subscribe system is an ideal candidate to serve as enterprise service bus for these applications. In the publish/subscribe paradigm, information providers called publishers disseminate publications to all subscribers who have expressed interests by registering subscriptions through a loosely coupled interface. However, the traditional publish/subscribe paradigm only supports stateless subscriptions, that is, event correlation is ignored. Moreover, subscribers can only receive publications issued after their subscriptions. There are many application contexts, however, where access to publications from the past is necessary,such as for replaying a business process execution to debug it. Even more interesting uses arise when data from the past can be correlated with those in the future. Therefore, new languages and new functionalities are needed in the standard publish/subscribe model in order to support business process management. A new subscription language PADRES SQL(PSQL) which can express event patterns and unify both historic and future views for subscribers. PADRES allows a subscriber to access data published both in the past and in the future. Furthermore, complex event detection happens in the broker network. The main difficulties of distributed event detection are routing a composite subscription, including where and how to decompose the composite subscription, and routing the individual parts of the subscription. Our composite subscription routing decisions are based on a cost model which minimizes the routing and detection delay. An adaptive subscription routing protocol is proposed to determine efficient location with dynamic changing workloads. PADRES also provides robust message delivery by exploring alternative paths in a cyclic overlay. Routing optimizations and efficient matching algorithms are studied to improve the performance of the extended publish/subscribe model. With the above features, we propose the Ninos system, the distributed business process execution architecture as a case study,which uses light-weight activity agents to carry out business process execution in a distributed environment. Ninos proves that decentralized business process execution is the trend for next generation products, and the publish/subscribe model is ideal to serve as an enterpriser service bus (ESB) for distributed applications.

With the proliferation of mobile devices and wireless connectivity technologies, mobile social communities offer novel opportunities for targeted marketing by service or product providers. Unfortunately, marketers are still unable to realize the full potential of these markets due to their inability to effectively target right audiences. This thesis presents a novel middleware for identifying spontaneous social communities (SSCs) of mobile users in ad hoc networks in order to facilitate marketers' advertisements. The contributions of the presented work are two fold; the first is a novel model for SSCs that captures their unique dynamic nature, in terms of community structure and interest in different \textit{hot-topics} over time. These time-varying interests are represented through an inferred \textit{community profile prototype} that reflects dominant characteristics of community members. This prototype is then employed to facilitate the identification of new potential members. The selected community prototypes are also used by marketers to identify the right communities for their services or products promotions. The second contribution of this paper is novel distributed techniques for efficient calculation of the community prototypes and identification of potential community links. In contrast to traditional models of detecting fixed and mobile social networks that rely on pre-existing friendships among its members to predict new ones, the proposed model focuses on measuring the degree of similarity between the new user's profile and the profiles of members of each community in order to predict new users' relationships in the community. The adopted model of SSCs can foster many existing and new socially-aware applications such as recommender systems for social events and tools for collaborative work. It is also an ideal target for business-oriented applications such as short-message-service (SMS) advertisement messages, podcasting news feeds in addition to location/context-aware services. The performance of the proposed work was evaluated using the NetLogo platform where obtained experimental results demonstrate the achieved high degree of stability in the resulting communities in addition to the effectiveness of the proposed middleware in terms of the reduction in the number of routing messages required for advertisements.

In addition to storing 70-75% of their data and business logic in legacy mainframe systems, global corporations have countless custom applications and off-the-shelf ERP products residing within their networks. Increasing competition and shrinking budgets have left managers scouring for innovative, cost-effective methods to maximize the potential of these enormous sunk costs. There is, as a result, an overwhelming need to not only web enable these existing legacy assets in order to quickly and cost-effectively deliver data to both customers and business partners alike, but also to amalgamate these disparate systems into a unified, homogeneous, real-time enterprise. Integration efforts to date, focused predominantly on the development of proprietary point-to-point adapters, have unfortunately proven to be a daunting task with countless failed projects and losses in the millions. The advent of XML web services does, however, have the potential to revolutionize existing integration strategies; the cost savings and ease of implementation associated with wrapping virtually all systems, past, present and future, with standardized, code-independent, data-centric interfaces is truly astounding. As the future success of this platform is, however, strictly dependent upon the interoperability of its endpoints, we have proposed several fundamental amendments to the existing flawed WSDL specification. A generic reference architecture, leveraging both this improved web services model as well as established component middleware technologies, is then proposed for the web enablement of legacy assets on an enterprise scale. In order to ensure the adoption of this methodology, a toolkit designed to automate the transformation has also been devised. This new paradigm will not only allow information to flow freely from deep within the enterprise, but will ultimately serve as the cornerstone of a new generation of enterprise integration solutions.

Grâce à l’informatique ubiquitaire, il devient possible d’avoir des environnements de plus en plus intelligents offrant de l’assistance ambiante aux activités de la vie quotidienne. Dans ce mémoire, un système d’assistance est présenté offrant une assistance ambiante personnalisée aux personnes âgées avec démence d'Alzheimer souffrant d’errance nocturne. L’hypothèse de départ est que la nuit, les personnes Alzheimer font de l’errance pour satisfaire des besoins précis même si elles sont incapables de les exprimer. Notre sujet s’intéresse à trois types de besoins dans le contexte d’errance nocturne : avoir faim, avoir envie d’aller aux toilettes et avoir besoin d’être rassuré. Un système d’assistance ambiante a été conçu et implémenté pour chacun. Ce système utilise un réseau de capteurs et d’effecteurs hétérogènes. Dans un premier temps, des données sur les routines de la personne atteinte d’Alzheimer sont collectées par des questionnaires et des capteurs. Ces données sont ensuite validées pour établir les scénarios d’assistance et détecter les épisodes d’errance. Dans un second temps, grâce au profil recueilli avec la participation du proche aidant, des règles sont conçues pour décider de l’assistance à fournir pour accompagner la personne à travers la satisfaction de son besoin, puis l’inciter à retourner se coucher sans toutefois la contraindre. De plus, une application tablette est mise en place pour offrir du contrôle sur l’activation de l’assistance. Cette application est confiée au proche-aidant afin qu’il puisse décider s’il préfère offrir sa propre assistance ou celle automatisée. Le système d’assistance ambiante développé recueille donc des données dans le domicile et offre de l’accompagnement à la personne tout en offrant plus de confort à son proche-aidant. Une expérimentation dans un domicile auprès d’un binôme composé d’une mère atteinte de démence et de sa fille a été réalisée sur une période de cinq semaines. Même si aucun épisode d’errance n’a été détecté pendant cette expérimentation, les données recueillies par les différentes sources ont été comparées à celles du système pour en établir la validité. Une reconstruction des événements a été possible avec les données collectées. Celle-ci permet d’observer les activités de la personne atteinte d’Alzheimer dans son quotidien. Cette approche pour obtenir le suivi des activités est applicable aux activités nocturnes permettant ainsi le suivi pendant l’errance s’il y’a lieu.

A message oriented middleware inter-process communication library called Nora has been designed, constructed, and validated. The library is written in C++. The middleware is designed to bridge two of the main messaging standards, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) and the Data Distribution Service (DDS), by enabling communications for (1) computationally intensive distributed systems that typically follow a master-slave design and (2) general data distribution. The design is original and does not borrow from either specification. The library can be statically linked to application code so that the library is part of each application in a distributed system. The implementation for master-slave messaging has not yet been completed, but the great majority of the work is done; the general data distribution model has been fully implemented. The design is critically evaluated.A key aspect of the library is configurability. Various characteristics of the messaging library, such as the number of message producer and consumer threads, the message types serviced by each thread, the types of communication mechanisms, and others are specified through a configuration file. Consequently, the library has only to be built once for all applications in a distributed system and communications for each application are tailored through a unique configuration file. The library application programmer interface (API) is structured so that communications details can be isolated from the application code and therefore applications are not affected by changes to the IPC configuration.Beyond its use for the two classifications of problems listed above, it is also suited for use by system architects that are investigating resource requirements and designs for new systems because applications can be reconfigured quickly for different communications behavior on different platforms through the configuration file. Thus, it is useful for prototyping and performance evaluation.

Les langages dédiés (DSL) sont de plus en plus utilisés parce qu’ils permettent aux utilisateurs qui ne sont pas des experts en programmation d’exprimer des solutions avec des langages simples qui capturent l’expertise de leur domaine. C’est encore plus vrai pour les langages dédiés graphiques (DSML) qui ont un niveau d’abstraction plus élevé que les langages dédiés de programmation. Implémenter un DSML revient généralement à fournir un éditeur dédié qui permette aux utilisateurs de manipuler les abstractions de leur domaine (d’instancier le langage). Les expériences ont montré que l’implémentation d’un tel éditeur dédié graphique est coûteuse en termes de temps et de ressources humaines. Nous constatons que la plupart des plates-formes permettant de construire ce type d’éditeur (EMF/GMF, DSL Tools, Obeo Designer, ...) sont génériques. Elles essayent d’adresser le maximum de domaines possibles, ce qui les rend complexes et inadaptées à des cas d’utilisation spécifiques. Si la spécialisation aux domaines a été un succès pour les langages, pourquoi ne pas l’appliquer aux plates-formes de construction d’éditeurs ? Cela reviendrait à concevoir pour un domaine donné, une plate-forme permettant de construire facilement des éditeurs dédiés pour ce domaine. Cette plate-forme n’aurait pas les défauts d’une plate-forme totalement générique parce qu’elle serait restreinte au domaine ciblé. Ce type de plate-forme spécifique à un domaine, nous l’appelons Domain Specific Modeling Framework (DSMF). Le principal inconvénient d’un DSMF est qu’on ne peut l’utiliser que dans le cadre du domaine pour lequel il a été conçu. Cela implique qu’il faille construire un DSMF par domaine et c’est une solution coûteuse. Toutefois, nous pensons que cette approche sur les DSMF peut être généralisée afin d’adresser un grand nombre de domaines. Cette thèse a donc consisté à concevoir et à implanter un environnement qui permet de construire des DSMF de façon modulaire. / Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) are increasingly used in many fields as they allow users to express strategies without being programming experts. This is particularly true for graphical DSLs called Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) which are more intuitive than programming DSLs. Implementing a DSML means providing a specific editor which allow users to express the language’s constructions (instantiate the language). Many experiments showed that implementing specific graphical editors is much manpower consuming. Our analysis is that most frameworks for building such editors (e.g. EMF/GMF) are generic, i.e. aim at fulfilling the requirements of any field, which leads to increased complexity and costs a lot in terms of development time. If domain specialization was successful for languages, why don’t we apply it to frameworks ? Specializing such a framework according to the constraints of a domain would allow keeping the definition of a specific editor simple, while fulfilling the requirements of the considered domain. Domain specific frameworks for building DSML editors in specific application fields is a promising approach. Such a framework does not have the limits of generic frameworks because it is restricted to a particular domain. It is more intuitive and simpler to use as it only proposes abstraction of the domain for building DSMLs. We call this type of framework Domain Specific Modeling Framework (DSMF). For example, if we consider the component domain, there are several DSMLs in this domain which share the same layout requirements. We implemented a DSMF for this family of DSMLs. This DSMF is specialized according to the constraints and layout requirements of the component domain (Components, connectors, Bindings, . . .). This specialization allows simple and rapid generation of specific editors devoted to component-based architectures. The principal drawback of a DSMF is its restricted scope to one specific domain. This approach requires to develop one DSMF per domain and the development cost can be significant. A solution may be to generalise the DSMF approach in order to address many application fields. We designed a Generic framework for building DSMFs in a modular way. This thesis is based on the implementation of this framework.

As mobility and computing becomes ever more pervasive in society and business, the non-optimal use of radio resources has created many new challenges for telecommunication operators. Usage patterns of modern wireless handheld devices, such as smartphones and surfboards, have indicated that the signaling traffic generated is many times larger than at a traditional laptop. Furthermore, in spite of approaching theoretical limits by, e.g., the spectral efficiency improvements brought by 4G, this is still not sufficient for many practical applications demanded by end users. Essentially, users located at the edge of a cell cannot achieve the high data throughputs promised by 4G specifications. Worst yet, the Quality of Service bottlenecks in 4G networks are expected to become a major issue over the next years given the rapid growth of mobile devices. The main problems are because of rigid mobile systems architectures with limited possibilities to reconfigure terminals and base stations depending on spectrum availability. Consequently, new solutions must be developed that coexist with legacy infrastructures and more importantly improve upon them to enable flexibility in the modes of operation. To control the intelligence required for such modes of operation, cognitive radio technology is a key concept suggested to be part of the so-called beyond 4th generation mobile networks. The basic idea is to allow unlicensed users access to licensed spectrum, under the condition that the interference perceived by the licensed users is minimal. This can be achieved with the help of devices capable of accurately sensing the spectrum occupancy, learning about temporarily unused frequency bands and able to reconfigure their transmission parameters in such a way that the spectral opportunities can be effectively exploited. Accordingly, this indicates the need for a more flexible and dynamic allocation of the spectrum resources, which requires a new approach to cognitive radio network management. Subsequently, a novel architecture designed at the application layer is suggested to manage communication in cognitive radio networks. The goal is to improve the performance in a cognitive radio network by sensing, learning, optimization and adaptation.

Notre objectif est de proposer une méthodologie pour le développement d'un intergiciel embarqué dans l'automobile offrant des services de communication aux applications. Le cadre d'utilisation de nos travaux est la conception de systèmes embarqués dans les véhicules. Ces applications requièrent un intergiciel capable de fournir des services standards de communication, qui cachent la localisation des participants aux échanges, qui masquent l'hétérogénéité des plates-formes de communication, et qui garantissent le respect des contraintes temporelles imposées sur l'échanges et sur l'exécution des participants. La méthodologie proposée vise la conception d'un intergiciel optimisé et pour cela aborde deux aspects : la spécification d'une architecture d'implémentation, et la construction d'une configuration faisable. L'architecture d'implémentation est optimisée dans le sens où l'intergiciel est adapté à l'environnement d'exécution (le système d'exploitation OSEK/VDX OS), et minimise son utilisation des ressources disponibles. Elle apporte une réponse, d'une part, au niveau de la spécification d'une architecture logicielle (construite à l'aide de design patterns ), et, d'autre part, à la manière dont cette architecture est déployée sur une plate-forme concrète (sous la forme d'un ensemble de tâches). La procédure proposée pour la construction de la configuration de l'intergiciel calcule les caractéristiques temporelles faisables de l'intergiciel et des trames émises par les stations d'un réseau CAN. Elle prévoit aussi une étape pour le calcul d'une allocation de priorités faisable pour les tâches de l'application sur chaque station. L'optimalité de la configuration est atteinte en assurant le respect de toutes les contraintes temporelles imposées sur les échanges et sur l'exécution des tâches de l'application et de l'intergiciel. / Our objective is to propose a methodology for the development of an automotive embedded middleware that provides communication services to the applicative level software. This work is focused on the design of automotive functions, where the nowadays context demands a middleware capable of offering standard communication services, hiding the localization of the participants in the exchanges, masking the heterogeneity of communication platforms, and ensuring that the timing constraints imposed on the exchanges and on the execution of the participants are met. The proposed methodology is aimed for the design of an optimised middleware. For this purpose, it deals with two topics: the specification of an implementation architecture, and the construction of a feasible configuration. The implementation architecture is optimised because the middleware is well adapted to its execution environment (operating system OSEK/VDX OS), and minimizes the utilization of the available resources. It contributes, on the one hand, to a specification of a software architecture (built using design patterns), and, on the other hand, to mechanisms allowing to deploy this software architecture onto a concrete platform (under the form of a set of tasks). The algorithm proposed for the construction of a configuration determines feasible timing characteristics for the middleware and for the frames exchanged over a CAN bus. It covers also the calculation of a feasible set of priorities for the applicative tasks executing on each station of the bus. The correctness of the configuration is achieved by ensuring that the timing constraints imposed on the exchanges and on the execution of the applicative and middleware tasks are met.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-14T10:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MATHEUS_CRESPI_SCHENFELD_COMPLETO.pdf: 6989470 bytes, checksum: 4a16f12e8953d43da2cb18cc63c6119a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-14T10:44:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MATHEUS_CRESPI_SCHENFELD_COMPLETO.pdf: 6989470 bytes, checksum: 4a16f12e8953d43da2cb18cc63c6119a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T10:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MATHEUS_CRESPI_SCHENFELD_COMPLETO.pdf: 6989470 bytes, checksum: 4a16f12e8953d43da2cb18cc63c6119a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Internet of Things (IoT) is considered a computational evolution that advocates the existence of a large number of physical objects embedded with sensors and actuators, connected by wireless networks and communicating through the Internet. From the beginning of the concept to the present day, IoT is widely used in the various sectors of industry and also in academia. One of the needs encountered in these areas was to be connected to IoT devices or subsystems throughout the world. Thus, cloud computing gains space in these scenarios where there is a need to be connected and communicating with a middleware to perform the data processing of the devices. The concept of cloud computing refers to the use of memory, storage and processing of shared resources, interconnected by the Internet. However, IoT applications sensitive to communication latency, such as medical emergency applications, military applications, critical security applications, among others, are not feasible with the use of cloud computing, since for the execution of all calculations and actions messaging between devices and the cloud is required. Solving this limitation found in the use of cloud computing, the concept of fog computing arises and whose main idea is to create a federated processing layer, still in the local network of the computing devices of the ends of the network. In addition to fog computing, there is also edge computing operating directly on the devices layer, performing some kind of processing, even with little computational complexity, in order to further decrease the volume of communication, besides collaborating to provide autonomy in decision making yet in the Things layer. A major challenge for both fog and edge computing within the IoT scenario is the definition of a system architecture that can be used in different application domains, such as health, smart cities and others. This work presents a system architecture for IoT devices capable of enabling data processing in the devices themselves or the closest to them, creating the edge computing layer and fog computing layer that can be applied in different domains, improving Quality of Services (QoS) and autonomy in decision making, even if the devices are temporarily disconnected from the network (offline). The validation of this architecture was done within two application scenarios, one of public lighting in smart city environment and another simulating an intelligent agricultural greenhouse. The main objectives of the tests were to verify if the use of the concepts of edge and fog computing improve system efficiency compared to traditional IoT architectures. The tests revealed satisfactory results, improving connection times, processing and delivery of information to applications, reducing the volume of communication between devices and core middleware, and improving communications security. It also presents a review of related work in both academia and industry. / Internet das Coisas (IoT) ? considerada uma evolu??o computacional que preconiza a exist?ncia de uma grande quantidade de objetos f?sicos embarcados com sensores e atuadores, conectados por redes sem fio e que se comunicam atrav?s da Internet. Desde o surgimento do conceito at? os dias atuais, a IoT ? amplamente utilizada nos diversos setores da ind?stria e tamb?m no meio acad?mico. Uma das necessidades encontradas nessas ?reas foi a de estar conectado com dispositivos ou subsistemas de IoT espalhados por todo o mundo. Assim, cloud computing ganha espa?o nesses cen?rios, onde existe a necessidade de estar conectado e se comunicando com um middleware para realizar o processamento dos dados dos dispositivos. O conceito de cloud computing refere-se ao uso de mem?ria, armazenamento e processamento de recursos compartilhados, interligados pela Internet. No entanto, aplica??es IoT sens?veis ? lat?ncia de comunica??o, tais como, aplica??es m?dico-emergenciais, aplica??es militares, aplica??es de seguran?a cr?tica, entre outras, s?o invi?veis com o uso de cloud computing, visto que para a execu??o de todos os c?lculos e a??es ? necess?ria a troca de mensagens entre dispositivos e nuvem. Solucionando essa limita??o encontrada na utiliza??o de cloud computing, surge o conceito de fog computing, cuja ideia principal ? criar uma camada federada de processamento ainda na rede local dos dispositivos de computa??o das extremidades da rede. Al?m de fog computing tamb?m surge edge computing operando diretamente na camada dos dispositivos, realizando algum tipo de processamento, mesmo que de pouca complexidade computacional, a fim de diminuir ainda mais o volume de comunica??o, al?m de colaborar para prover autonomia na tomada de decis?es ainda na camada das coisas. Um grande desafio tanto para fog quanto para edge computing dentro do cen?rio de IoT ? a defini??o de uma arquitetura de sistema que possa ser usada em diferentes dom?nios de aplica??o, como sa?de, cidades inteligentes entre outros. Esse trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de sistema para dispositivos IoT capaz de habilitar o processamento de dados nos pr?prios dispositivos ou o mais pr?ximo deles, criando a camada de edge e fog computing que podem ser aplicadas em diferentes dom?nios, melhorando a Qualidade dos Servi?os (QoS) e autonomia na tomada de decis?o, mesmo se os dispositivos estiverem temporariamente desconectados da rede (offline). A valida??o dessa arquitetura foi feita dentro de dois cen?rios de aplica??o, um de ilumina??o p?blica em ambiente de IoT e outro simulando uma estufa agr?cola inteligente. Os principais objetivos das execu??es dos testes foram verificar se a utiliza??o dos conceitos de edge e fog computing melhoram a efici?ncia do sistema em compara??o com arquiteturas tradicionais de IoT. Os testes revelaram resultados satisfat?rios, melhorando os tempos de conex?o, processamento e entrega das informa??es ?s aplica??es, redu??o do volume de comunica??o entre dispositivos e core middleware, al?m de melhorar a seguran?a nas comunica??es. Tamb?m ? apresentada uma revis?o de trabalhos relacionados tanto no meio acad?mico como no da ind?stria.

O crescente desenvolvimento de aplicações de alto desempenho é uma realidade presente nos dias atuais. Entretanto, a diversidade de arquiteturas de máquinas, incluindo monoprocessadores e multiprocessadores, clusters com ou sem máquina front-end, variedade de sistemas operacionais e implementações da biblioteca MPI tem aumentado cada dia mais. Tendo em vista este cenário, bibliotecas que proporcionem a integração de diversas implementações MPI, sistemas operacionais e arquiteturas de máquinas são necessárias. Esta tese apresenta o HyMPI, uma implementação da biblioteca MPI voltada para integração, em um mesmo ambiente distribuído de alto desempenho, nós com diferentes arquiteturas, clusters com ou sem máquina front-end, sistemas operacionais e implementações MPI. HyMPI oferece um conjunto de primitivas compatíveis com a especificação MPI, incluindo comunicação ponto a ponto, operações coletivas, inicio e termino, além de outras primitivas utilitárias. / The increasing develpment of high performance applications is a reality on current days. However, the diversity of computer architectures, including mono and multiprocessor machines, clusters with or without front-end node, the variety of operating systems and MPI implementations has growth increasingly. Focused on this scenario, programming libraries that allows integration of several MPI implementations, operating systems and computer architectures are needed. This thesis introduces HyMPI, a MPI implementation aiming integratino, on a distributed high performance system nodes with different architectures, clusters with or without front-end machine, operating systems and MPI implementations. HyMPI offers a set of primitives based on MPI specification, including point-to-point communication, collective operations, startup and finalization and some other utility functions.