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O estudo apresenta os aspectos gerais das migrações internacionais, o sistema jurídico internacional, colacionando os dados mais recentes sobre a migração brasileira, identificando as carências da legislação nacional atual em confronto com as normas internacionais que apresentam um novo paradigma legislativo. Assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o sistema jurídico internacional, regional e nacional sobre direitos humanos e fundamentais, cotejando-os com as leis relativas aos estrangeiros no Brasil, sendo dividida em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo contextualiza o tema por meio de diferentes perspectivas sobre o conceito de estrangeiro, apresenta as teorias migratórias e o contexto migratório global, utilizando como base o World Migration Report, de 2015, sobre as migrações internacionais. O segundo capítulo trata dos direitos fundamentais e dos tratados internacionais, que se caracterizam por representarem os alicerces da existência de um Estado Democrático de Direito. No terceiro capítulo, busca-se analisar a legislação nacional vigente, tomando como referência os novos paradigmas encontrados nos Tratados e Convenções internacionais, observando que a cultura brasileira tende à discriminação em todos os aspectos, refletindo diretamente no campo das ciências jurídicas, sendo possível identificar que apesar da existência do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e da Constituição Federal, a legislação infraconstitucional brasileira é incompatível com estes instrumentos jurídicos, uma vez que o Estatuto do Estrangeiro, Lei 6.815/80 vigente, que define a situação jurídica dos estrangeiros no Brasil, foi promulgada anteriormente à edição da Constituição Federal, não coadunando, em muitos aspectos, com os preceitos constitucionais ali consagrados. O quarto capítulo analisa se os projetos de lei em andamento no Congresso Nacional brasileiro em 2016 recepcionam o direito internacional, e se o faz de forma restritiva ou ampliativa em relação aos tratados sobre a matéria, visando identificar qual seria mais adequado frente a este novo contexto de deslocamentos internacionais para trabalho. Por fim, a conclusão reúne as considerações em relação à esfera normativa nacional sobre o perfil migratório brasileiro, especialmente norteado pelos novos fluxos migratórios estimulados pelas transformações socioeconômicas no âmbito internacional, principalmente após a década de 1990. / This study presents the general aspects of international migration, the international legal system, presenting the most recent data on Brazilian migration, identifying the needs of current national legislation in comparison with international standards that present a new legislative paradigm. Thus, the research aims to analyze the international, regional and national legal system on human and fundamental rights, comparing them with the laws concerning foreigners in Brazil, divided into four chapters. The first chapter contextualizes the issue through different perspectives on foreign concept, presents migration theories and the global context of migration, using as basis the World Migration Report, 2015, on international migration. The second chapter deals with the fundamental rights and international treaties, identifying them, because they represent the foundations of the existence of a democratic state. The third chapter seeks to analyze the current national legislation taking as reference the new paradigms found in international treaties and conventions, identifying that Brazilian culture tends to discrimination in all aspects reflecting directly in the field of legal sciences, being able to identify that despite the existence of international human rights law and the Federal Constitution, the Brazilian infra-constitutional legislation is incompatible with these legal instruments, since the Statute of foreign Law 6.815 / 80 current, which defines the legal status of foreigners in Brazil, was enacted before the enactment of the Constitution, not conciliated, in many ways, with the constitutional principles enshrined therein. The fourth chapter examines whether the bills in progress in the Brazilian National Congress in 2016 accept international law, and if it does restrictively or ampliative way in relation to the treaties on the subject, to identify what would be most appropriate face this new context International commutes to work. Finally, the conclusion meets the considerations in relation to national normative sphere of the Brazilian migration profile, especially guided by the new migratory flows stimulated by socioeconomic changes in the international arena, especially after the 1990s.

<p>This article examines the case of Filipina women that substitute for Filipina migrant workers. Through semi-structured interviews in the Philippines this study draws attention to the experiences of the ‘stand-in’ women and demonstrates how the organisation of care in the transnational families is based on a system whereby female family members or friends are ascribed with a ‘natural’ responsibility to become social reproductive stand-ins for the migrated mothers. In the global transfer of social reproduction, hierarchies of women are maintained, based on intersectional power structures such as ethnicity, race, nationality, age, and class. But the stand-in women in the three-tier transfer of reproductive labour, or global care chain, do not  always occupy one single position, but actually shift in time and place between ‘the middle’ and ‘the bottom’ of the hierarchy. Regardless of location, Filipina women remain under the burden of their gendered duties and whether working abroad as domestic workers or acting as local stand-ins, they have to take on both local and global social reproductive work. They become the breadwinner in their families, at the same time as they are ascribed natural responsibility for households and families, as wives, mothers and stand-ins ‘at home’.</p>

This article examines the case of Filipina women that substitute for Filipina migrant workers. Through semi-structured interviews in the Philippines this study draws attention to the experiences of the ‘stand-in’ women and demonstrates how the organisation of care in the transnational families is based on a system whereby female family members or friends are ascribed with a ‘natural’ responsibility to become social reproductive stand-ins for the migrated mothers. In the global transfer of social reproduction, hierarchies of women are maintained, based on intersectional power structures such as ethnicity, race, nationality, age, and class. But the stand-in women in the three-tier transfer of reproductive labour, or global care chain, do not  always occupy one single position, but actually shift in time and place between ‘the middle’ and ‘the bottom’ of the hierarchy. Regardless of location, Filipina women remain under the burden of their gendered duties and whether working abroad as domestic workers or acting as local stand-ins, they have to take on both local and global social reproductive work. They become the breadwinner in their families, at the same time as they are ascribed natural responsibility for households and families, as wives, mothers and stand-ins ‘at home’.

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In this work, I discuss how global products/ identities are made, transported and consumed, and the inevitable ‘mis-’ in acts of transmission. This research ranges from the miscommunication in languages and linguistics, to the gap between production and consumption. I investigate how things and humans are misread, mispronounced, misfit and mistranslated when they traverse social and cultural borders, arriving at a place in between languages, holding on to and letting go of things that are familiar to neither and both cultures. This work explores diverse media such as publications, videos and installations, and examines how they maybe used to address such contexts as factory production, global trade, circulation and tracking of commodities as well as identities.

The term of ¡§migrant worker¡¨ appeared after the 1978 economic reform in China, since then, millions of farmers or rural inhabitants squeezed themselves into cities for better payment and life. However, the residency system restricts those workers with the rural residence registration from sharing the same working treatment and social welfare as the city residence. Until today, the migrant worker issue is not only become the toughest problem that Chinese government confronted, also this unfair condition increase the attentions of labor issue related I.O. and NGOs. Migrant workers and rural development are the developmental dilemma while Chinese government is perusing for higher GDP growth index. But, after 1990, big amount of social issue related NGOs increased, just in time for make up the insufficiency of government and enterprsies. This study focuses on the migrant workers problem, and its helping NGOs. To make a clear prove, this study provides four important migrant workers¡¦ educational and rights maintaining NGOs for case study. Through the research of these NGOs, we could figure out how those NGOs actually help those migrant workers. The amount of NGO is rapid growing, no matter how hard Chinese government intends to restrict those NGOs, it still represents that along with the trend of globalization, and the demand of civil society in China is also rising.

v angličtině Coordination of social security system is very important for migrant workers who, during their careers working in more countries around the world. This creates entitlements to the payment of social benefits in countries where they have gainful employment, but are often affected by sufficient insurance periods, which may not, however, be fulfilled in that country. For this reason, countries enter into agreements among themselves in order to facilitate migrant workers access to social security benefits to be entitled. Adjustment between states exists both at the multilateral level and at bilateral level. This laws shows how the coordination of social security system regulated at the multilateral level, especially within the European Union but also at the bilateral level the example of treaties that Czech Republic has concluded with other world countries, also focuses on the introduction of institutions that coordinate social security system fulfill in Czech Republic. At the multilateral level, the most important adjustment is created at the level of the European Union. This is based on the right to free movement, which is one of the fundamental principles on which the European Union is built. Coordination of the social security system in the European Union itself has four basic...

Hong Kong plays host to hundreds of thousands of female migrant domestic workers, who have become an integral part of the local economy and a common sight in households. Despite their importance, their live-in status continues to place migrant domestic workers at a disadvantaged position in their host society and at the mercy of their employers. Articles about the exploitation and abuse of migrant domestic workers are commonplace in Hong Kong news, and in many cases the victims are Indonesian. At the same time, however, stories about migrant domestic workers who are treated very well and given large amounts of freedom have also been featured, but these cases are generally about Filipinos. Despite being the same gender, having the same occupation and being subject to the same set of laws, a discrepancy exists in the treatment of Indonesian and Philippine migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. The main aim of this thesis is to unravel the underlying reasons behind this difference. I argue that the systematic advertising and perpetuation of nationality-based stereotypes and “brand images” lead to Philippine migrant domestic workers being valued higher than their Indonesian counterparts, impacting how they are perceived and treated by Hong Kong society. I employ empirical data obtained from international organizations, state governments, public media and the findings of earlier scholarly research to show how these following factors establish and maintain Hong Kong’s system of stratification: migration infrastructure impacting the labor migration corridors connecting Indonesia and the Philippines to Hong Kong, laws that dictate the treatment of migrant domestic workers, the actors involved in creating and maintaining stereotypes and “brand images”, and the respective efforts made by the two migrant worker groups at challenging their disadvantaged positions in Hong Kong society. / Graduate