Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 8, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 5, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 8, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 11, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation examines the role of military officers as policy implementers by investigating the discretion of Swedish force commanders in the multinational military campaign in Afghanistan between 2006 and 2013. By developing an analytical framework that takes both an outside-in and an inside-out perspective, and that encompasses both the objective implications that structural factors project on force commanders as well as their subjective perceptions of those structural factors, and applying that framework to a range of official documents as well as unique interview data, the thesis describes the discretion that force commanders have had in interpreting, choosing and shaping their mission and concept of operations. The findings show that Swedish force commanders in the Afghanistan campaign have had considerable discretion in interpreting and framing the principal’s overarching mission, the mission of their own force, as well as their force’s concept of operations. Their discretion can be understood as a combination of structurally induced freedom to make choices, the force commanders’ perceptions of that freedom and their inclination to use it. Circumstances regarding structural factors such as duality of command, passive authority of superiors, non-specific tasks and ambiguous implications of allocated resources has created this discretion and rendered force commanders disproportionately influential in the policy implementation process. Although this influence can be regarded as a manifestation of modern management ideals such as Auftragstaktik and mission command in the military, or management by objectives in government and business, it can also be regarded as a downwards passing of the buck where strategic implementation decisions trickle down to the level of force commanders in the field, making them “strategic colonels”.

<p>Command and control is central in all distributed tactical operations such as rescue operations and military operations. It takes place in a complex system of humans and artefacts, striving to reach common goals. The command and control complexity springs from several sources, including dynamism, uncertainty, risk, time pressure, feedback delays and interdependencies. Stemming from this complexity, the thesis approaches two important and related problem areas in command and control research. On a general level, the thesis seeks to approach the problems facing the command and control operators and the problems facing the designers in the associated systems development process.</p><p>We investigate the specific problem of operators losing sight of the overall perspective when working with large maps in geographical information systems with limited screen area. To approach this problem, we propose high-precision input techniques that reduce the need for zooming and panning in touch-screen systems, and informative unit representations that make better use of the screen area available. The results from an experimental study show that the proposed input techniques are as fast and accurate as state-of-the-art techniques without the need to resort to zooming. Furthermore, results from a prototype design show that the proposed unit representation reduces on-screen clutter and makes use of off-screen units to better exploit the valuable screen area.</p><p>Developing command and control systems is a complex task with several pitfalls, including getting stuck in exhaustive analyses and overrated reliance on rational methods. In this thesis, we employ a design-oriented research framework that acknowledges creative and pragmatic ingredients to handle the pitfalls. Our approach adopts the method of reconstruction and exploration of mission histories from distributed tactical operations as a means for command and control analysis. To support explorative analysis of mission histories within our framework, we propose tools for communication analysis and tools for managing metadata such as reflections, questions, hypotheses and expert comments. By using these tools together with real data from live tactical operations, we show that they can manage large amounts of data, preserve contextual data, support navigation within data, make original data easily accessible, and strengthen the link between metadata and supporting raw data. Furthermore, we show that by using these tools, multiple analysts, experts, and researchers can exchange comments on both data and metadata in a collaborative and explorative investigation of a complex scenario.</p> / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2004:61.

<p>Doktriner utgör väpnade styrkors viktigaste beskrivning avseende hur man avser använda militära medel för att uppnå politiska mål. För att tjäna sitt syfte bör doktriner utvecklas med rationella utgångspunkter som omvärldens utveckling och senaste forskning. Dock menar många att andra faktorer sprungna ur kulturella traditioner och organisationers särintressen påverkar tillkomsten av doktriner.</p><p>Civil-militärt samarbete har i moderna konflikter blivit allt mer betydelsefullt. Strategier för fredsfrämjande insatser i dagens komplexa konflikter bygger i allt högre grad på integrerade insatser mellan flera olika funktioner och aktörer. Civil-militärt samarbete har dock traditionellt haft en underordnad, stödjande roll i militära organisationer.</p><p>I denna uppsats undersöks forskningens roll i doktrinutveckling. Mer specifikt undersöks om doktriner inom det högaktuella området, civil-militärt samarbete, tagit till sig och omfattar den aktuella forskningen inom ämnesområdet. Storbritanniens och USA:s doktriner för civil-militärt samarbete har jämförts med aktuell forskning. Resultatet visar att dessa doktriner på ett bra sätt tillvaratagit forskningens uppfattningar. </p> / <p>Doctrines constitute armed forces most important guidelines on how to achieve political objectives with military means. To serve its purpose doctrines should be developed on rational grounds based on current world situation and most recent research. However many thinks that other factors such as organisations cultures and special interests influence doctrinal development.</p><p>Civil-military cooperation has in contemporary conflicts gained in importance. Strategies in complex peace support operations are increasingly based on integrated approaches between various functions and actors. Civil-military operations have traditionally played a secondary and supportive role in military organisations.</p><p>This paper will study the role of scientific research in doctrinal development. More to the point, doctrines within the highly topical field of civil-military cooperation are tested regarding coherence with recent research. Doctrines concerning civil-military cooperation in Great Britain and United States have been compared to recent research. The result shows that these doctrines have taken care of relevant opinions within recent scientific research.</p>

Den svenska Försvarsmakten (FM) har förändrats och gått ifrån invasionsförsvar till insatsförsvar, detta har lett till att FM fokuserar på insatser utomlands och hotet skiljer sig insatser emellan. De konflikter som är aktuella idag och där de svenska styrkorna bidrar med resurser utspelar sig i länder där urban miljö med lågteknologisk motståndare förekommer. Motståndaren har med tiden lärt sig att hantera strider i urban miljö och uppträder i alla dimensioner. Man anser att strid i denna typ av miljö kommer att öka i framtiden. Stora nationer har stridit i urban miljö med framgång. Med tanke på var vi befinner oss idag när det gäller insatser av varierande grad har hotet ökat mot våra trupper vilket i sin tur har lett till ett större behov av skydd. Syftet med arbetet är att genom en kvalitativ textanalys (som är studiens tyngdpunkt) och en modellstudie påvisa hur man kan möta det nya hotet i urban terräng med hjälp av tekniska anpassningar på tyngre fordon som stridsvagnar. Under den beskrivande delen beskrivs hotbilden idag, erfarenheter från olika krig där stridsvagnar har nyttjats och stridsvagnens sårbarhet i urban miljö. Därefter behandlar modellstudien en tänkbar miljö och hot i syfte att ta fram den mest fördelaktiga anpassningen för att möta det nya hotet som utspelar sig i alla dimensioner. Resultatet visar att det största hotet som våra trupper utsätts för är den typ av hot där motståndare strävar efter att strida i urban miljö. Undersökningen visar att vi idag behöver mer skydd i form av pansar och de svenska stridsvagnarna behöver anpassas med olika system för att kunna möta dessa nya hot. / The Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) is currently in a phase of evolution transferring from being an old strategic defense to an expeditionary force. The SAF has forces deployed in several locations all over the world and the threat they meet is different from place to place, the conflicts often conducted by low-tech insurgents in urban terrain.The insurgents have learned how to fight in urban terrain and can operate in every dimension of the battlefield. It is believed that the battle in this type of environment will increase in future. Being where we are today in terms of operations the threat against our troops has increased which has led us to a greater need for protection.The purpose of this paper is that using a qualitative textual analysis and a model study to show how the new threat can be met in urban terrain with the help of technical adjustments on heavy vehicles such as tanks. At first the writer will describe the threat that is common in urban terrain today. Then the lessons learned from wars where tanks have been used and later on the tank’s vulnerability in urban terrain will be described. Thereafter, the model study will elaborate a potential environment and threat in order to highlight the most advantageous adjustment for tanks to meet the new threat.The result shows that the greatest threat that our troops are exposed to today is; battles that takes place in urban terrain. The study shows that we need more protection in form of armour. The Swedish tanks should be adapted with different systems to meet today’s threat in the urban terrain.

Doktriner utgör väpnade styrkors viktigaste beskrivning avseende hur man avser använda militära medel för att uppnå politiska mål. För att tjäna sitt syfte bör doktriner utvecklas med rationella utgångspunkter som omvärldens utveckling och senaste forskning. Dock menar många att andra faktorer sprungna ur kulturella traditioner och organisationers särintressen påverkar tillkomsten av doktriner. Civil-militärt samarbete har i moderna konflikter blivit allt mer betydelsefullt. Strategier för fredsfrämjande insatser i dagens komplexa konflikter bygger i allt högre grad på integrerade insatser mellan flera olika funktioner och aktörer. Civil-militärt samarbete har dock traditionellt haft en underordnad, stödjande roll i militära organisationer. I denna uppsats undersöks forskningens roll i doktrinutveckling. Mer specifikt undersöks om doktriner inom det högaktuella området, civil-militärt samarbete, tagit till sig och omfattar den aktuella forskningen inom ämnesområdet. Storbritanniens och USA:s doktriner för civil-militärt samarbete har jämförts med aktuell forskning. Resultatet visar att dessa doktriner på ett bra sätt tillvaratagit forskningens uppfattningar. / Doctrines constitute armed forces most important guidelines on how to achieve political objectives with military means. To serve its purpose doctrines should be developed on rational grounds based on current world situation and most recent research. However many thinks that other factors such as organisations cultures and special interests influence doctrinal development. Civil-military cooperation has in contemporary conflicts gained in importance. Strategies in complex peace support operations are increasingly based on integrated approaches between various functions and actors. Civil-military operations have traditionally played a secondary and supportive role in military organisations. This paper will study the role of scientific research in doctrinal development. More to the point, doctrines within the highly topical field of civil-military cooperation are tested regarding coherence with recent research. Doctrines concerning civil-military cooperation in Great Britain and United States have been compared to recent research. The result shows that these doctrines have taken care of relevant opinions within recent scientific research.

Att söka stöd och hjälp efter internationell militär insats om det uppstått fysiska skador är för de flesta fullt naturligt och accepterat. Vid psykisk ohälsa är det tyvärr inte lika självklart att erkänna för sin omgivning att man behöver stöd och hjälp. Problematiken kan utgöras av stigma, vilket innebär att man inte vill ses som avvikande eller annorlunda, att utpekas som den som inte orkade med psykiskt.   Är det så att vårdbehovet inte är känt av Försvarsmakten uppstår ett mörkertal för dem som enligt lag har uppföljningsansvar, dvs. FM.   Arbetet syftar till att undersöka hur stor påverkan rädslan för stigmatisering är, efter avslutad internationell militär insats. / Receiving support and help for physical injuries when returning from a military operation is natural and fully acceptable. As far as doing the same thing when having mental illness is not as likely to happen. The shame of admission in front of the people around you holds you back.  The problem might be stigma; you do not want to be seen as odd or different, seen as someone who mentally could not cope with the experience.   If the need for care is unknown to the Armed Forces then there will be an unknown number of individuals who do not receive the support they are entitled to by law.   This thesis aims to investigate how much impact the fear of stigmatization is after an international military operation.