After shifting to an all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973, the U.S. military was forced to expand recruiting efforts beyond the ideal figure of the white male soldier in order to meet personnel needs. Shaped by the economic realities of the AVF, such recruiting efforts sought to show individuals historically excluded from military service, namely women and people of color, that there was a place for them in the military. The presence of women and people of color in recruitment materials contributes to ideals of citizenship and articulates understanding of gender, race, sexuality, and class in relation to military inclusion. Focusing on recruitment advertisements published in three consumer magazines—Sports Illustrated, Ebony, and Cosmopolitan—from January 1973 to December 2014, this dissertation argues that the project of military inclusion is driven by a need to recruit bodies in maintenance of the military institution and obfuscates class inequalities critical to recruiting, reconfigures ideas about military masculinity, promotes ideologies of colorblindness, and regulates ideas about gender and sexuality.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-24T13:35:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cesareugeniomacedodealmeidamartins.pdf: 595567 bytes, checksum: 31db16d6eb7109de7592dd7219bcc05f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T11:52:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cesareugeniomacedodealmeidamartins.pdf: 595567 bytes, checksum: 31db16d6eb7109de7592dd7219bcc05f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T11:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cesareugeniomacedodealmeidamartins.pdf: 595567 bytes, checksum: 31db16d6eb7109de7592dd7219bcc05f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-25 / A historiografia relacionada às questões militares vem ganhando novos adeptos preocupados em “fazer história” desprendendo-se da perspectiva positivista, tradicionalista e ufanista. Neste sentido, observa-se que esse atual enfoque no estudo da instituição militar e de seus elementos relacionados pode proporcionar novos caminhos metodológicos e diferentes abordagens históricas que levem a uma nova compreensão da história social e cultural do Brasil. Assim, pretendemos discutir sobre o recrutamento militar na província de Minas Gerais, destacando a mobilização, a dinâmica, os possíveis conflitos e a resistência que por lá ocorreram durante o período entre 1865 e 1870, ou seja, durante a Guerra do Paraguai. Daremos ênfase à análise da representação e da influência do recrutamento militar durante o conflito do Brasil contra o Paraguai, e a relação desta incorporação compulsória de homens nas organizações militares diante da conjuntura social, política e econômica da província mineira, atentando-nos às suas prováveis peculiaridades. / The study of history related with military subjects is getting new adepts worried in “making history”, going away from this positive, traditional and nationalistic perspective. Ins this sense, it is observed that a present focus on the study of the army formation and its elements can provide new approaches and different historical ways, which take to a new comprehension of the social and cultural history of Brazil. We intend to discuss about the military recruitment in the province of Minas Gerais emphasizing the mobilization, the dynamic, the possible conflicts and the resistance that occurred in Minas Gerais within 1865 and 1870 (Paraguay War). We want to underline the result of the military recruitment during the battle of Brazil against Paraguay and understand how it influenced in the political, social and economical structure of the Minas Gerais province, drawing our attention to possible peculiarities.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1302800 bytes, checksum: 8a5cf209909be403f4a14bad659745cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis aims to analyze the military mobilization during the war with Paraguay (1864-1870) in the province of Rio Grande do Norte, reflecting on the social impact that recruitment caused social structures, focusing on interference in power structures, relationships provincial social and everyday life. The effort required to finance the war demanded the imperial government a broad movement of conscription ever seen in Brazil, feeling its effects throughout the national territory. In this sense the provincial and orderly routine was modified in order to facilitate the recruitment, both in bureaucratic organization, with fill positions as the modified forms of work. One of the agents more engaged in the issues of war and recruitment were the presidents of the province, a position that has become crucial to the intentions of the imperial government. The expansion of military recruitment meant entering into the field of local government, which demanded the negotiating complex imperial government. Despite the great flood of soldiers in the early years of the conflict (1865-1866), the violence committed by recruiters were not diminished in the following years, especially in the hinterland of the province of Rio Grande do Norte. The resistance of the population favors the recruitment produced constant conflict throughout the provincial territory, leaking and rescues soldiers, attacks on commissions for recruiting, training entourages and confrontations of all kinds. At the same time that need arises regimentation of soldiers to incorporate the military, develops in the province wide movement to summon citizens to arms. The analysis of the sources, namely reports of provincial presidents, atas of the House of Representatives and the Senate, decrees published during the war, codes Posture, and some papers, allowed us the perception of the subject recruitment at the Provincial level, attending to the daily lives and social changes. / Essa dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a mobilização militar durante a guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870) na província do Rio Grande do Norte, refletindo sobre o impacto social que o recrutamento causou nas estruturas sociais, atentando para as interferências nas estruturas de poder, relações sociais e na vida cotidiana provincial. O esforço necessário para financiar a guerra demandou do governo imperial um amplo movimento de recrutamento militar jamais visto no Brasil, sentindo-se seus efeitos em todo o território nacional. Nesse sentido o cotidiano provincial foi modificado e ordenado de maneira a facilitar o recrutamento, tanto na organização burocrática, com preenchimento de cargos, como na modificação das formas de trabalho. Um dos agentes que mais se empenhou nas questões da guerra e do recrutamento foram os presidentes de província, cargo que passou a ser de crucial importância para as intenções do governo imperial. A ampliação do recrutamento militar significou adentrar em domínio dos poderes locais, o que demandava do governo imperial complexa negociação. Apesar da grande torrente de soldados nos primeiros anos do conflito (1865-1866), as violências praticadas pelos agentes recrutadores não foram diminuídas nos anos seguintes, principalmente nos sertões da província do Rio Grande do Norte. A resistência da população propicia ao recrutamento produzia constantes conflitos em todo o território provincial, com fugas e resgastes de soldados, ataques a comissões de recrutamento, formação de séquitos e enfrentamentos de todo o tipo. Ao mesmo tempo em que surge necessidade de arregimentação de soldados para a incorporação às forças militares, desenvolve-se na província amplo movimento que pretende convocar às armas os cidadãos. A análise das fontes, a saber: relatórios dos presidentes de província, atas da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado, decretos publicados durante a guerra, Códigos de Postura, além de alguns periódicos, nos possibilitou a percepção da temática do recrutamento em âmbito provincial, atentando para o cotidiano e as modificações sociais.

Na segunda metade do século XVIII, acirraram-se as disputas entre espanhóis e portugueses pela definição da soberania territorial sobre as colônias americanas. Com as indefinições demarcatórias deflagradas pelo Tratado de Madrid (1750), ambas as Coroas buscaram estabelecer o uti possidetis sobre os territórios fronteiriços através da instalação de fortes militares, povoações e reduções de índios. Esta tese problematiza a expansão dos impérios ibéricos sobre os vales dos rios Guaporé e Paraguai, buscando analisar seus impactos sócioeconômicos sobre populações indígenas e colonos. O objetivo principal é analisar os dispositivos de controle social empregados pelas administrações de ambos os impérios sobre os grupos indígenas que habitavam essa área e sobre os colonos destacados para servir em fortificações e povoações, e as relações de poder entre uns e outros. Dividida em três partes, a tese estuda as formas de controle do espaço nas fortificações, vilas e reduções; as estratégias das políticas indigenistas para atrair e incorporar os grupos fronteiriços às povoações; e a vida cotidiana desses estabelecimentos, especialmente no que tange ao recrutamento militar, ao abastecimento e aos custos para colonos e provedorias das províncias. A hipótese defendida é a de que a delegação de poderes a caciques de grupos aliados e a transferência de parte dos custos da defesa militar das fronteiras aos colonos foram os dispositivos básicos que sustentaram, ainda que com especificidades de cada lado, tanto a expansão portuguesa quanto a espanhola sobre essas regiões centrais da América do Sul. / The disputes between Spaniards and Portuguese on the definition of the territorial sovereignty on American colonies were stimulated in the second half of the seventeenth century. With the fail of the Treaty of Madrid (1750) to demarcate the frontier, both Crowns pretended to establish the uti possidetis through the installation of military forts, villages and missions. This thesis analyses the expansion of the Iberian empires on the valleys of the rivers Guaporé and Paraguay, and focuses on their socioeconomic impacts on indigenous populations and settlers. The main objective is to analyze the mechanisms of social control used by the administrations of both empires on the indigenous groups that inhabited that area and on the settlers that serve in fortifications and lived in villages, and the relationships of power among them. Divided in three parts, this thesis studies the forms of control of the space in the fortifications, villages and missions; the strategies of the indigenist policy to attract and relocate Indians to reservations; and the daily life of those establishments, especially with respect to the military recruitment, provisioning and the costs for settlers and Real Treasury. I argue that the delegation of powers to caciques of allied groups and the transfer of part of the military costs to the same settlers were the basic devices with which the system could be sustained, although with specificities on each side, in both Portuguese and Spaniard expansion on those central areas of South America.

Na segunda metade do século XVIII, acirraram-se as disputas entre espanhóis e portugueses pela definição da soberania territorial sobre as colônias americanas. Com as indefinições demarcatórias deflagradas pelo Tratado de Madrid (1750), ambas as Coroas buscaram estabelecer o uti possidetis sobre os territórios fronteiriços através da instalação de fortes militares, povoações e reduções de índios. Esta tese problematiza a expansão dos impérios ibéricos sobre os vales dos rios Guaporé e Paraguai, buscando analisar seus impactos sócioeconômicos sobre populações indígenas e colonos. O objetivo principal é analisar os dispositivos de controle social empregados pelas administrações de ambos os impérios sobre os grupos indígenas que habitavam essa área e sobre os colonos destacados para servir em fortificações e povoações, e as relações de poder entre uns e outros. Dividida em três partes, a tese estuda as formas de controle do espaço nas fortificações, vilas e reduções; as estratégias das políticas indigenistas para atrair e incorporar os grupos fronteiriços às povoações; e a vida cotidiana desses estabelecimentos, especialmente no que tange ao recrutamento militar, ao abastecimento e aos custos para colonos e provedorias das províncias. A hipótese defendida é a de que a delegação de poderes a caciques de grupos aliados e a transferência de parte dos custos da defesa militar das fronteiras aos colonos foram os dispositivos básicos que sustentaram, ainda que com especificidades de cada lado, tanto a expansão portuguesa quanto a espanhola sobre essas regiões centrais da América do Sul. / The disputes between Spaniards and Portuguese on the definition of the territorial sovereignty on American colonies were stimulated in the second half of the seventeenth century. With the fail of the Treaty of Madrid (1750) to demarcate the frontier, both Crowns pretended to establish the uti possidetis through the installation of military forts, villages and missions. This thesis analyses the expansion of the Iberian empires on the valleys of the rivers Guaporé and Paraguay, and focuses on their socioeconomic impacts on indigenous populations and settlers. The main objective is to analyze the mechanisms of social control used by the administrations of both empires on the indigenous groups that inhabited that area and on the settlers that serve in fortifications and lived in villages, and the relationships of power among them. Divided in three parts, this thesis studies the forms of control of the space in the fortifications, villages and missions; the strategies of the indigenist policy to attract and relocate Indians to reservations; and the daily life of those establishments, especially with respect to the military recruitment, provisioning and the costs for settlers and Real Treasury. I argue that the delegation of powers to caciques of allied groups and the transfer of part of the military costs to the same settlers were the basic devices with which the system could be sustained, although with specificities on each side, in both Portuguese and Spaniard expansion on those central areas of South America.

The Australian Government Internet database, the World War Two Nominal Roll, is problematised and then analysed as a document of patron-sponsored alternative journalism as described by Atton and Hamilton, because it attempts to fulfill functions previously completed in Australia by newspaper publishers and television producers. These functions – of discovering, establishing, editing, contextualizing, recording and publishing memory – have long been regarded as roles of journalism. Later they have been seen as roles also of literary publishing and documentary filmmaking, and most recently of online records management. They became especially evident in the 1990s, the decade of the 50th anniversary of many World War II events, during which many anniversary supplements were published in Australian newspapers and in television documentaries. Partly as a result of this major anniversary, the Australian Government undertook the tasks of discovering, establishing, editing, recording, contextualizing, and publishing World War II military memories as an online database known as the World War Two Nominal Roll. The enactment of this large task required the engagement of a subcontractor who tendered on the basis of skills in records management, and the adoption of a methodology which offered some level of quality assurance of the outputs. The problematisation of this project suggests that the engagement of the subcontractor and the methodology adopted for the World War Two Nominal Roll are analogous to the engagement of professionalized journalists, and the adoption of recognised journalistic methods, for the publication of a media artifact such as an anniversary supplement. In that light, this thesis compares the error rates evident in the Nominal Roll with the literature of error rates in contemporary newspapers, and compares some of the audience effects of publishing the Nominal Roll with those of publishing newspapers. This involves a comprehensive examination and critique of the physical nature of the Roll and the processes of its production. The analysis in the first place suggests that the database Roll is overall more trustworthy than established journalism artifacts but in detail more susceptible to errors of fact and context and less likely to be corrected. This leads to the second assessment that the publication of the database Roll is less effective than newspapers as a means of memorialisation. Finally, the findings suggest that the processes deployed in the compilation of the database Roll would have benefitted from the adoption of aspects of ordinary journalistic routines not used by the database publishers. Reasons for this are proposed and discussed.

The Australian Government Internet database, the World War Two Nominal Roll, is problematised and then analysed as a document of patron-sponsored alternative journalism as described by Atton and Hamilton, because it attempts to fulfill functions previously completed in Australia by newspaper publishers and television producers. These functions – of discovering, establishing, editing, contextualizing, recording and publishing memory – have long been regarded as roles of journalism. Later they have been seen as roles also of literary publishing and documentary filmmaking, and most recently of online records management. They became especially evident in the 1990s, the decade of the 50th anniversary of many World War II events, during which many anniversary supplements were published in Australian newspapers and in television documentaries. Partly as a result of this major anniversary, the Australian Government undertook the tasks of discovering, establishing, editing, recording, contextualizing, and publishing World War II military memories as an online database known as the World War Two Nominal Roll. The enactment of this large task required the engagement of a subcontractor who tendered on the basis of skills in records management, and the adoption of a methodology which offered some level of quality assurance of the outputs. The problematisation of this project suggests that the engagement of the subcontractor and the methodology adopted for the World War Two Nominal Roll are analogous to the engagement of professionalized journalists, and the adoption of recognised journalistic methods, for the publication of a media artifact such as an anniversary supplement. In that light, this thesis compares the error rates evident in the Nominal Roll with the literature of error rates in contemporary newspapers, and compares some of the audience effects of publishing the Nominal Roll with those of publishing newspapers. This involves a comprehensive examination and critique of the physical nature of the Roll and the processes of its production. The analysis in the first place suggests that the database Roll is overall more trustworthy than established journalism artifacts but in detail more susceptible to errors of fact and context and less likely to be corrected. This leads to the second assessment that the publication of the database Roll is less effective than newspapers as a means of memorialisation. Finally, the findings suggest that the processes deployed in the compilation of the database Roll would have benefitted from the adoption of aspects of ordinary journalistic routines not used by the database publishers. Reasons for this are proposed and discussed.

The Australian Government Internet database, the World War Two Nominal Roll, is problematised and then analysed as a document of patron-sponsored alternative journalism as described by Atton and Hamilton, because it attempts to fulfill functions previously completed in Australia by newspaper publishers and television producers. These functions – of discovering, establishing, editing, contextualizing, recording and publishing memory – have long been regarded as roles of journalism. Later they have been seen as roles also of literary publishing and documentary filmmaking, and most recently of online records management. They became especially evident in the 1990s, the decade of the 50th anniversary of many World War II events, during which many anniversary supplements were published in Australian newspapers and in television documentaries. Partly as a result of this major anniversary, the Australian Government undertook the tasks of discovering, establishing, editing, recording, contextualizing, and publishing World War II military memories as an online database known as the World War Two Nominal Roll. The enactment of this large task required the engagement of a subcontractor who tendered on the basis of skills in records management, and the adoption of a methodology which offered some level of quality assurance of the outputs. The problematisation of this project suggests that the engagement of the subcontractor and the methodology adopted for the World War Two Nominal Roll are analogous to the engagement of professionalized journalists, and the adoption of recognised journalistic methods, for the publication of a media artifact such as an anniversary supplement. In that light, this thesis compares the error rates evident in the Nominal Roll with the literature of error rates in contemporary newspapers, and compares some of the audience effects of publishing the Nominal Roll with those of publishing newspapers. This involves a comprehensive examination and critique of the physical nature of the Roll and the processes of its production. The analysis in the first place suggests that the database Roll is overall more trustworthy than established journalism artifacts but in detail more susceptible to errors of fact and context and less likely to be corrected. This leads to the second assessment that the publication of the database Roll is less effective than newspapers as a means of memorialisation. Finally, the findings suggest that the processes deployed in the compilation of the database Roll would have benefitted from the adoption of aspects of ordinary journalistic routines not used by the database publishers. Reasons for this are proposed and discussed.

O trabalho se propõe a discutir o tema do recrutamento militar para a Guerra da Cisplatina, entre os anos de 1825 e 1828, na província do Rio Grande do Sul, pertencente ao Império do Brasil, e na Província Oriental, atual Uruguai, integrante das Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata. Através do estudo de correspondências das autoridades militares dos dois lados do conflito e pautado pelas contribuições da “nova história militar” brasileira, se faz um estudo da legislação que regulava essa prática, a interpretação dos comandantes sobre estas, e o impacto causado na população pelos recrutadores. Enfoca-se, nessa última questão, na resistência oferecida pelas populações, de diferentes maneiras, para evitar que os homens fossem servir nos exércitos e milícias que combatiam pelo domínio da Banda Oriental. Para o caso do Brasil, se dá especial atenção à evolução da instituição militar desde o domínio português, através do estudo da legislação que regulava o serviço das armas. / The paper aims to discuss the issue of the military recruitment for the Cisplatine War between the years 1825 and 1828 in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, part of the Empire of Brazil, and in the Banda Oriental, now Uruguay, a member of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. Through the study of correspondences from the military authorities on both sides of the conflict and guided by the contributions of the Brazilian "new military history", becomes a study of the legislation that regulated this practice, the interpretation of the commanders on these, and the impact on the population by recruiters. It is focused on that last question, the resistance offered by people, in different ways, to prevent men from serving in armies and militias who fought for dominance of the Banda Oriental. For the case of Brazil, it will be given particular attention to the evolution of the military institution since the Portuguese domination, through the study of legislation that regulated the military service.

O trabalho se propõe a discutir o tema do recrutamento militar para a Guerra da Cisplatina, entre os anos de 1825 e 1828, na província do Rio Grande do Sul, pertencente ao Império do Brasil, e na Província Oriental, atual Uruguai, integrante das Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata. Através do estudo de correspondências das autoridades militares dos dois lados do conflito e pautado pelas contribuições da “nova história militar” brasileira, se faz um estudo da legislação que regulava essa prática, a interpretação dos comandantes sobre estas, e o impacto causado na população pelos recrutadores. Enfoca-se, nessa última questão, na resistência oferecida pelas populações, de diferentes maneiras, para evitar que os homens fossem servir nos exércitos e milícias que combatiam pelo domínio da Banda Oriental. Para o caso do Brasil, se dá especial atenção à evolução da instituição militar desde o domínio português, através do estudo da legislação que regulava o serviço das armas. / The paper aims to discuss the issue of the military recruitment for the Cisplatine War between the years 1825 and 1828 in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, part of the Empire of Brazil, and in the Banda Oriental, now Uruguay, a member of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. Through the study of correspondences from the military authorities on both sides of the conflict and guided by the contributions of the Brazilian "new military history", becomes a study of the legislation that regulated this practice, the interpretation of the commanders on these, and the impact on the population by recruiters. It is focused on that last question, the resistance offered by people, in different ways, to prevent men from serving in armies and militias who fought for dominance of the Banda Oriental. For the case of Brazil, it will be given particular attention to the evolution of the military institution since the Portuguese domination, through the study of legislation that regulated the military service.