This diploma thesis deals with the issue of creativity in the teaching of physics in elementary school. Creativity is first described in general. The reader will learn what are the aspects of creativity, what are the characteristics of creative solution of problems and how is creativity being developed in the course of live. Then, the thesis focused on the pedagogical concept of creativity. Didactic aspects of creativity teaching are presented here and creative teaching methods are characterized. Further is the work already focused on the teaching of physics itself. Besides traditional teaching methods are introduced mind maps, divergent physical tasks and advice for the realization of creativity teaching. The practical part of this thesis is the suggestion of the collection of divergent tasks and ?research probe?, i.e. the practical verification of several tasks. The tasks were given to two different groups of students, one of which had already had experience with solving these tasks, and for the second group it was something new. The results of both groups were compared and conclusions were made.

La particularité et l'enjeu du sujet de recherche résident dans la confrontation entre vision urbanistique de l'espace public, approche physique de la mesure acoustique et prise en compte de la perception de l'environnement sonore. Notre étude de l'évaluation d'ambiances sonores urbaines a pour terrain plusieurs espaces publics. Nous problématisons notre réflexion autour de l'appréhension de la perception sonore et de son évaluation en vue d'en souligner certains paramètres influents. La méthodologie est élaborée dans le but de coupler données perceptives et mesures physiques. Ainsi, une première étape d'enquête in situ aboutit à un corpus composé de 174 questionnaires, 513 photographies et 18 entretiens non directifs de groupe. Puis des mesures acoustiques sont pratiquées aux mêmes temporalités. Enfin, une seconde étape d'entretiens individuels approfondis menés avec les 29 participants est complétée par la réalisation de 145 cartes mentales sonores. Cette méthodologie multi-facettes permet de déterminer l'influence de divers paramètres tels que la présence humaine, la naturalité, la minéralité, la saisonnalité et les formes urbaines sur l'évaluation spatiale et sonore au sein d'espaces publics. / The particularity and challenge of this research subject lie in the confrontation between the urbanistic vision of the public space, the physical approach to acoustic measurement and the consideration of how the sonic environment is perceived. Several types of public spaces were used to study the assessment of urban sonic ambiances. We problematize our study of the understanding and assessment of sound perception in order to highlight some of its relevant parameters. The methodology was designed to combine perceptive data and physical measurements. The first stage of in situ investigation thus provided a corpus of 174 questionnaires, 513 photographs and 18 non-directive group interviews. Acoustic measurements were then made at the same temporalities. Finally, a second stage of in-depth individual interviews conducted with the 29 participants was completed with the realization of 145 mental mind maps. This multifaceted methodology helped to determine the influence of several parameters such as human presence, nature, the mineral aspect, seasonality and urban forms on the spatial and sonic assessment in public spaces.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-31T12:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 9401151 bytes, checksum: 00f98ef9a3aa26e83c0aa304cd323c4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T12:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 9401151 bytes, checksum: 00f98ef9a3aa26e83c0aa304cd323c4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-17 / Currently in Brazil, the early years of primary education consists of five years (1st to 5th grade). This results, under the law, a longer period for literacy of subjects, from the age of six should enter school. Much has been invested in literacy Native language (Portuguese) and mathematics for basic training of students to the 3rd year. Moreover, little has been discussed about the progression of literacy in subsequent years. The presence of Geography in the school curriculum can aid the formation of the subjects, their world of reading, highlighting the cartographic literacy as methodology to thinking the geographical space from the place up other spatial scales. We emphasize that the School Cartography, which is dedicated to investigate the use of maps in geography teaching practices, attribute value in the production and reading of maps made by the students themselves. This potential is found in the use of mind maps, free representations, but guided by teachers aimed at inclusion, reflection and spatial readings treated at school. Based on these notes, this research aims to investigate the potential and limitations of the mental map resource for geography teaching and learning with students of 4th and 5th year of elementary school. For this we developed our research in the School Lucia of Fatima Gayoso Meira, in the city of Campina Grande - PB. Parallel to the use of mind maps developed theoretical and practical activities in order to motivate, present, build and reflect conceptual notions and skills with a group of 4 and another 5 years. For this research also rescued the considerations of school management, teachers and especially the students, using questionnaires and interviews. As a result we see the readings and understandings of the students regarding the organization of different scales of geographic space, now turned to their own daily life, sometimes the contents taught in the classroom. Also identified limits corresponding to the use of decontextualized contents, and that this knowledge is not related daily practices, there is no sense apprehends them which consequently may result in withholding or discouragement about learning geography in schools. / Atualmente, no Brasil, os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental é composto por cinco anos (1º ao 5º ano). Isso resulta, segundo a legislação, num maior período para a alfabetização dos sujeitos que, desde os seis anos de idade devem ingressar na escola. Muito se têm investido na alfabetização da Língua materna (Português) e da Matemática para a formação básica dos alunos até o 3º ano. Por outro lado, pouco se tem discutido sobre a progressão desta alfabetização nos anos subsequente. A presença da Geografia no currículo escolar pode auxiliar a formação dos sujeitos, sua leitura de mundo, ao destacar a alfabetização cartográfica enquanto metodologia que busca pensar o espaço geográfico, desde o lugar até outras escalas espaciais. Destacamos que a Cartografia Escolar, que se dedica a investigar o uso dos mapas nas práticas de ensino de Geografia, atribuem valor na produção e leitura dos mapas realizados pelos próprios alunos. Este potencial é encontrado no uso dos mapas mentais, representações livres, mas orientadas pelos docentes voltadas a inserção, reflexão e leituras espaciais tratadas na escola. Com base nesses apontamentos, esta pesquisa objetiva investigar as potencialidades e limitações do recurso mapa mental para o ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia com alunos do 4º e 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para isso desenvolvemos a nossa pesquisa na Escola Lúcia de Fátima Gayoso Meira, localizada na cidade de Campina Grande – PB. Paralelamente ao uso dos mapas mentais desenvolvemos atividades teóricas e práticas com a finalidade de motivar, apresentar, construir e refletir noções conceituais e habilidades com uma turma de 4º e outra de 5º ano. Para realização desta pesquisa resgatamos ainda as considerações da gestora escolar, professoras e, principalmente, dos alunos, utilizando questionários e entrevistas. Como resultados percebemos as leituras e compreensões dos alunos em relação a organização de diferentes escalas do espaço geográfico, ora voltadas ao seu próprio cotidiano, ora aos conteúdos ministrados em sala de aula. Identificamos também limites no que corresponde ao uso de conteúdos descontextualizados, e que se estes saberes não estiverem relacionadas as práticas cotidianas, não haverá sentido em apreende-los o que consequentemente poderá resultar em retenções ou desmotivações acerca do se aprender Geografia nas escolas.

Submitted by William Paiva (williampaiva17@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-22T19:18:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Pons Ferreira.pdf: 1630704 bytes, checksum: bb4002663294fadfaa88d95fb9a71c6d (MD5) / Rejected by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com), reason: Título está todo em caixa alta. on 2015-06-08T16:58:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by William Paiva (williampaiva17@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-09T00:42:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Pons Ferreira.pdf: 1630704 bytes, checksum: bb4002663294fadfaa88d95fb9a71c6d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-10T17:09:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Pons Ferreira.pdf: 1630704 bytes, checksum: bb4002663294fadfaa88d95fb9a71c6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-10T17:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Pons Ferreira.pdf: 1630704 bytes, checksum: bb4002663294fadfaa88d95fb9a71c6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A política educacional brasileira, a partir da promulgação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), lei 9.394/96,estabelece que a educação profissional não é um mero adestramento para ocupar postos de trabalho determinados. Ela deve promover a transição entre escola e o mundo do trabalho, capacitando jovens e adultos com conhecimentos e habilidades gerais específicas e produtivas, sendo essencial estimular e capacitar estas pessoas para as exigências do dia-a-dia em suas atribuições, em qualquer que seja sua atividade. Em busca desse desenvolvimento pessoal, merece destaque as contribuições da Neurociência, que traz o conceito do sujeito cerebral, possibilitando melhor compreender a anatomia, a fisiologia e o funcionamento do cérebro que aprende. Ao demonstrar que cada cérebro é único na sua singularidade dentro da diversidade de alunos em sala de aula, oportuniza um diálogo com a Educação, contribuindo com novas formas para o desenvolvimento da capacidade do pensamento do aprendiz. Assim, embasado na articulação entre Neurociências e Educação, este trabalho traz as ferramentas de Mapas Mentais e Seis Chapéus do Pensamento como possíveis colaboradores no ensino em sala de aula para a potencialização do comportamento criativo. O estudo através de método misto (qualitativo e quantitativo) envolveu coleta de dados a partir de uma experiência prática em um curso ministrado para 16 alunos do ensino técnico de nível médio e tecnológico de nível superior do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Rio Grande. Os instrumentos utilizados foram teste de Criatividade de Chaffee (2000), questionários, planilha de análise das produções escritas e planilha de observação do curso. Aplicando as referidas ferramentas no gerenciamento de informações e desenvolvimento de habilidades potencializadoras da criatividade, através dos resultados obtidos, a pesquisa estabelece os possíveis benefícios dos Mapas Mentais e Seis Chapéus do Pensamento para a promoção das competências necessárias dos estudantes que deixam a escola para lidar com a busca de novas ideias e soluções diante das demandas nas empresas em que executarão suas atividades profissionais e traz subsídios que permitam colaborar com novas estratégias efetivas de ensino para auxiliar os docentes em suas ações pedagógicas. / The Brazilian educational policy, since the enactment of the Law of Guidelines and Bases (LDB), Law 9.394 / 96, provides that vocational education is not a mere training to fill certain jobs. It must promote the transition between school and the world of work, enabling young people and adults with specific knowledge and general skills and productive, it is essential to encourage and empower these people to the demands of day-to-day in their tasks in whatever their activity. In pursuit of this personal development, deserves the contributions of Neuroscience, which brings the concept of the cerebral subject, enabling better understand the anatomy, physiology and brain function learning. By demonstrating that every brain is unique in its uniqueness within the diversity of students in the classroom, gives opportunity a dialogue with the Education, contributing new ways to develop the learner's thinking capacity. Thus, based on the relationship between Neuroscience and Education, this work brings to Mind Maps tools and Six Thinking Hats as possible collaborators in teaching in the classroom for the enhancement of creative behavior. The study by mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) involved data collection from a practical experience in a course given to 16 students in technical and technological level of secondary and higher education of Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education, Rio Grande Campus. The instruments used were Chaffee Creativity test (2000), questionnaires, analysis spreadsheet of written productions and travel observation sheet Applying these tools in information management and development of potentiating skills of creativity, based on the obtained results, the research establishes the possible benefits of Mind Maps and Six Thinking Hats to promote the necessary skills of students who leave school to deal with the search for new ideas and solutions in the face of demands in companies that perform their professional activities, and brings subsidies for collaborating with new effective teaching strategies to assist teachers in their educational activities.

Les enfants souffrant de troubles du langage, comme la dyslexie, rencontrent de grandes difficultés dans l'apprentissage de la lecture et dans toute tâche de lecture, par la suite. Ces difficultés compromettent grandement l'accès au sens des textes auxquels ils sont confrontés durant leur scolarité, ce qui implique des difficultés d'apprentissage et les entraîne souvent vers une situation d'échec scolaire. Depuis une quinzaine d'années, des outils développés dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique des Langues sont détournés pour être utilisés comme stratégie d'aide et de compensation pour les élèves en difficultés. Parallèlement, l'usage de cartes conceptuelles ou de cartes heuristiques pour aider les enfants dyslexiques à formuler leurs pensées, ou à retenir certaines connaissances, s'est développé. Ce travail de thèse vise à répertorier et croiser, d'une part, les connaissances sur le public dyslexique, sa prise en charge et ses difficultés, d'autre part, les possibilités pédagogiques ouvertes par l'usage de cartes, et enfin, les technologies de résumé automatique et d'extraction de mots-clés. L'objectif est de réaliser un logiciel novateur capable de transformer automatiquement un texte donné en une carte, celle-ci doit faciliter la compréhension du texte tout en comprenant des fonctionnalités adaptées à un public d'adolescents dyslexiques. Ce projet a abouti, premièrement, à la réalisation d'une expérimentation exploratoire, sur l'aide à la compréhension de texte grâce aux cartes heuristiques, qui permet de définir de nouveaux axes de recherche ; deuxièmement, à la réalisation d'un prototype de logiciel de cartographie automatique qui est présenté en fin de thèse / Children with language impairment, such as dyslexia, are often faced with important difficulties when learning to read and during any subsequent reading tasks. These difficulties tend to compromise the understanding of the texts they must read during their time at school. This implies learning difficulties and may lead to academic failure. Over the past fifteen years, general tools developed in the field of Natural Language Processing have been transformed into specific tools for that help with and compensate for language impaired students' difficulties. At the same time, the use of concept maps or heuristic maps to encourage dyslexic children express their thoughts, or retain certain knowledge, has become popular. This thesis aims to identify and explore knowledge about the dyslexic public, how society takes care of them and what difficulties they face; the pedagogical possibilities opened up by the use of maps; and the opportunities created by automatic summarization and Information Retrieval fields. The aim of this doctoral research project was to create an innovative piece of software that automatically transforms a given text into a map. It was important that this piece of software facilitate reading comprehension while including functionalities that are adapted to dyslexic teenagers. The project involved carrying out an exploratory experiment on reading comprehension aid, thanks to heuristic maps, that make the identification of new research topics possible, and implementing an automatic mapping software prototype that is presented at the end of this thesis