Since it arose in the 1960s, the minimalist aesthetic has increasingly influenced composers of art and popular music around the world and, in turn, minimalist composers have drawn on the compositional ideas of Western popular music and several non-Western musics. Educationally, minimal music offers much potential for music in the classroom as it embodies a number of musical characteristics known to, and preferred by, students aged 9-18 years at primary, secondary and first year tertiary level. Socially, it offers teachers an opportunity to engage students, through composing activities, with contemporary society. The study aims, firstly, to analyse compositions by students aged 9, 12, 15 and 18 years and their teachers, seeking pastiche development of, and compositional expansion beyond, the musical concepts presented in a resource booklet of projects, The Pulse Music Album. Secondly, this study aims to investigate how nineteen participating teachers in three countries engage their students with minimalist composing activities stimulated through the resource booklet. The study attempts to determine why teachers adopt their particular roles and strategies by examining music qualifications, preferences and experience, teaching perspectives and teaching environments. It also seeks to identify reasons why one group of teachers submitted pieces which were pastiches of those presented in the projects and another group submitted compositions which moved well beyond pastiche into an expansion of these same musical concepts and argues for this as evidence of dialogue with contemporary society. Conclusions drawn from the findings note that while there are many commonalities between the backgrounds and approaches of both groups of teachers, there are clearly observed differences. These differences suggest approaches to classroom composition for consideration by practising classroom teachers, in-service instructors and teacher training institutions.

This work concentrates on the requirements of the computational system of HL, by developing the idea that Natural Law applies to universal syntactic principles. The systems of efficient growth are for the continuation of motion and maximal distance between the elements. The condition of maximization accounts for the properties of syntactic trees - binary branching, labeling, and the EPP. NL justifies the basic principle of organization in Merge: it provides a functional explanation of phase formation and thematic domains. In Optimality Theory, it accounts for the selection of a particular word order in languages. A comprehensive and definitive understanding of the principles underlying MP will eventually lead to a more advanced design of OT.

Detta arbete har syftat till att ta reda på vad som är viktigt att tänka på vid utformning av instruktioner för CAD-användare. Som praktikfall har en studie gjorts på Volvo IT där deras instruktioner för CAD/CAM/CAE-systemet CATIA V5 har granskats. Undersökningen mynnade ut i en användarstudie där erfarna användare av systemet fick möjlighet att diskutera den support som finns i dagsläget samt ställa krav på framtida instruktioner. Kraven som togs fram har legat till grund för riktlinjer för hur morgondagens instruktioner skulle kunna göras mer användaranpassade. Några områden som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till är bland annat: att ta tillvara på användarnas erfarenhet, involvera användarna vid framtagandet av instruktionerna, ta reda på hur instruktionenrna läses samt skapa rubrikter som underlättar informationssökning för användarna.

<p> </p><p>Detta arbete har syftat till att ta reda på vad som är viktigt att tänka på vid utformning av instruktioner för CAD-användare. Som praktikfall har en studie gjorts på Volvo IT där deras instruktioner för CAD/CAM/CAE-systemet CATIA V5 har granskats. Undersökningen mynnade ut i en användarstudie där erfarna användare av systemet fick möjlighet att diskutera den support som finns i dagsläget samt ställa krav på framtida instruktioner. Kraven som togs fram har legat till grund för riktlinjer för hur morgondagens instruktioner skulle kunna göras mer användaranpassade.</p><p>Några områden som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till är bland annat: att ta tillvara på användarnas erfarenhet, involvera användarna vid framtagandet av instruktionerna, ta reda på hur instruktionenrna läses samt skapa rubrikter som underlättar informationssökning för användarna.</p><p> </p>

This thesis analyzes the countercultural community known as VanLife. Foster Huntington coined the term VanLife in 2011, when he decided to leave his comfortable job at Ralph Lauren and detach from society. Foster and many other individuals have moved into their vans to gain more freedom and live simply. For this thesis I studied the stories about life on the road, written by VanLife participants. I examined their blogs, photographs, and Instagram accounts. I did a literary analysis of Kerouac’s famous Beat novel, On The Road, as well as Steinbeck’s travel memoir, Travels with Charley. I wanted to understand the common threads between the people who engage in this unique way of life known as VanLife. Also, I wanted find the motivation and inspiration for the community as a whole. Finally, I was fascinated in the role of social media, and how it could be problematic for a group that was determined to detach from mainstream society. I learned that the desire to connect with nature, explore unseen places, detach from societal pressures, and tell stories, are all important values to people in the VanLife community. Story telling is at the heart of their experiences, and it appears in many forms: photography, blogs, and websites. Social media can present problems for the group, but overall it is a tool that is positively utilized to connect with other like-minded individuals. The growth of VanLife illustrates the increasing desire for individuals to detach from the pressures of society and regain connection to simpler times and activities.

Recent developments in linguistic theory carried out within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995; Adger 2003;) provide a functional and concrete framework for an analysis of noun phrases in the Indonesian language, a Western-Malayo Polynesian sub-branch of the Austronesian language family. An analysis of Indonesian noun phrase structure within this framework demonstrates that the head noun occurs in a base-generated position, at the bottom of a DP, while pre- and post-nominal modifiers are contained within a number of additional projections that merge above the head noun. In this thesis, the proposal is made for a relatively unrestricted adjunction analysis, whereby head adjunction via Merge allows for the direct expansion of the head N at various levels of the Indonesian DP. Evidence is presented to show that the adjoined status of attributive nouns and adjectives, a plural feature [PL], and the feature [DEF] generates a complex hierarchical structure in which there is no predefined order between a specifier or complement and the head noun. In addition, it is argued that bare nouns are neutral with respect to number and, given that number-marking, possession and (in)definiteness are optional, all projections that merge above the head N are optional and context is needed to accurately interpret an Indonesian bare noun.

Tiek kūrybos procese, tik užbaigtame kūrinyje man svarbiausia yra paties vaizdavimo proceso preparavimas. Savo darbuose stengiuosi balansuoti tarp kūrinį sudarančių elementų ženkliško autoreferentiškumo, tapybos stilistinio autoreferentiškumo ir procesiškumo bei bandymo ženklų ir nuorodų pagalba kurti asociacijų ir būsenų tinklą. Projekto pavadinimas ( Vyksmo vieta ) yra pasitelkiamas kaip dviguba nuoroda. Viena vertus, yra nurodoma į drobės paviršių kuriame yra konstruojamas kūrinys. Kita vertus, pavadinimas veikia kaip nuoroda į įsivaizduojamą ženklų ir asociacijų tinklo kuriamo pasakojimo veiksmo vietą. / My paintings aim at making a preparation of the process of depicting. It applies to both - painting as a completed image and the process of making it. I am balancing between the signifying autoreferntiality of each element in my painting, autoreferentiality of the process of constructing the painting and the network of associations and perceptions generated by signs and references. The title of the project ("Place of occurrence") is used as a double reference. On one hand, it refers to the canvas itself on which the painting is being constructed. On the other hand, it refers to a place of a story, generated by the interplay of signs, references and associations.

Dynamics in locomotion is highly useful, as can be seen in animals and is becomingapparent in robots. For instance, chimpanzees are dynamic climbers that canreach virtually any part of a tree and even move to neighboring trees, while sloths arequasistatic climbers confined only to a few branches. Although dynamic maneuversare undoubtedly beneficial, only a few engineered systems use them, most of whichlocomote horizontally. This is because the design and control are often extremelycomplicated.This thesis explores a family of dynamic climbing robots which extend roboticdynamic legged locomotion from horizontal motions such as walking, hopping, andrunning, to vertical motions such as leaping maneuvers. The motion of these dynamicrobots resembles the motion of an athlete jumping and climbing inside achute. Whereas this environment might be an unnavigable obstacle for a slow, quasistaticclimber, it is an invaluable source of reaction forces for a dynamic climber.The mechanisms described here achieve dynamic, vertical motions while retainingsimplicity in design and control.The first mechanism called DSAC, for Dynamic Single Actuated Climber, comprisesonly two links connected by a single oscillating actuator. This simple, openlooposcillation, propels the robot stably between two vertical walls. By rotating theaxis of revolution of the single actuator by 90 degrees, we also developed a simplerrobot that can be easily miniaturized and can be used to climb inside tubes.The DTAR, for Dynamic Tube Ascending Robot, uses a single continuously rotatingmotor, unlike the oscillating DSAC motor. This continuous rotation even furthersimplifies and enables the miniaturization of the robot to enable robust climbinginside small tubes. The last mechanism explored in this thesis is the ParkourBot,which sacrifices some of the simplicity shown in the first two mechanism in favorof efficiency and more versatile climbing. This mechanism comprises two efficientspringy legs connected to a body.We use this family of dynamic climbers to explore a minimalist approach to locomotion.We first analyze the open-loop stability characteristics of all three mechanisms.We show how an open-loop, sensorless control, such as the fixed oscillationof the DSAC’s leg can converge to a stable orbit. We also show that a change inthe mechanism’s parameters not only changes the stability of the system but alsochanges the climbing pattern from a symmetric climb to a limping, non-symmetricclimb. Corresponding analyses are presented for the DTAR and ParkourBot mechanisms.We finally show how the open-loop behavior can be used to traverse morecomplex terrains by incrementally adding feedback. We are able to achieve climbinginside a chute with wall width changes without the need for precise and fast sensingand control.

Recent developments in linguistic theory carried out within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995; Adger 2003;) provide a functional and concrete framework for an analysis of noun phrases in the Indonesian language, a Western-Malayo Polynesian sub-branch of the Austronesian language family. An analysis of Indonesian noun phrase structure within this framework demonstrates that the head noun occurs in a base-generated position, at the bottom of a DP, while pre- and post-nominal modifiers are contained within a number of additional projections that merge above the head noun. In this thesis, the proposal is made for a relatively unrestricted adjunction analysis, whereby head adjunction via Merge allows for the direct expansion of the head N at various levels of the Indonesian DP. Evidence is presented to show that the adjoined status of attributive nouns and adjectives, a plural feature [PL], and the feature [DEF] generates a complex hierarchical structure in which there is no predefined order between a specifier or complement and the head noun. In addition, it is argued that bare nouns are neutral with respect to number and, given that number-marking, possession and (in)definiteness are optional, all projections that merge above the head N are optional and context is needed to accurately interpret an Indonesian bare noun.

This thesis describes and provides a structural analysis for depictives and wh- movement of depictives in all three East Slavic languages, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian. It gives a description of two types of depictives, those that agree in case with the argument that they modify (Case Agreement Depictives, CADs) and those that invariably show instrumental case (Instrumental Case Marked Depictives, ICMDs). This thesis proposes a structural account of these depictive structures and provides an account of the restrictions on the grammatical relations of DPs modified by ICMDs, and the absence of such restrictions on DPs modified by CADs. Moreover, it provides an account of the pied-piping requirement on wh-moved CADs in Russian and Belarusian, and the absence of such a requirement on wh-moved ICMDs. / Graduate / 0290 / amckishn@gmail.com