No description available.

This study examines the modern history of the Hui to understand how China, a multiethnic empire-turned-nation-state, has shaped and been shaped by its many “others,” particularly its ethnic and religious minorities. The Hui, as millions of Chinese-speaking Muslims scattered throughout China are known, are unique among the People’s Republic of China’s 55 officially recognized minorities in sharing nothing in common other than a religious identity, Islam. Moreover, unlike Tibetans and Mongolians in the PRC and many minorities in other post-imperial states, the Hui inherited no system of representation from the dynastic era. This lack of political institutionalization through the Qing reign should draw attention to what remains an underexamined period in Hui history—from the fall of the Qing to the founding of the PRC in 1949—and an unexamined question—How did the Hui become a nation? Focused on the large, inland province of Henan, Hui Nation tells this story. I show that Hui nationhood was not simply an elaboration of Communist ethnic policy but rather the consequence of a bottom-up social movement. Incorporating cultural and organizational change into social history, I further argue that this movement hinged on changes in Huis’ understanding of Islam and in the institutions that connected them to one another in the first half of the twentieth century.

In their review, Remedios and Snyder (2015) articulated how models of stigma fall short of explaining stigmatization of women of color, because they do not consider intersectionality of multiple stigmatized identities. Using the example of the intersection of race and gender, they reviewed literature on how targets of stigma detect and respond to prejudice (making prejudice attributions, the role of identity processes such as centrality), highlighting the complexity of these processes once multiple identities (namely non-prototypical categories of race and gender) are considered. In response, we provide more in depth discussion of the challenges to inclusion and intersectionality including current and traditional psychological science approaches and the perceived politicization of intersectional research, as well as the complexity of integrating multiple identities (social class, sexual orientation and gender diversity) into stigma research, including recruitment, measurement, and analysis. We offer practical suggestions in the areas of recruitment, measurement, and analysis, to facilitate more inclusive and intersectional research, given that such work would provide a more complete understanding of the experience of stigma.

No description available.

Sexual minority individuals (lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals) suffer from stigmatization, or minority stress, which often predicts negative mental health outcomes and low self-esteem. However, specific dimensions of identity (e.g., centrality and regard) may buffer against these negative outcomes in racial minorities and other stigmatized groups, including sexual minorities. Indeed, research in other stigmatized populations has found evidence for the protective properties of identity. Yet, limited research has examined dimensions of identity that buffer or protect sexual minorities. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of identity characteristics in the relation between sexual stigma and mental health outcomes. Findings in a sample of 209 gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals suggested that public stigma, centrality, and private regard predict psychological distress, but did not support a moderation model. Private regard emerged as a predictor of self-esteem as well. Additionally, centrality and public stigma interacted in such a way that those who reported higher centrality of sexual orientation identity did not report decrements to self-esteem in the face of public stigma to the same extent as those who reported lower centrality of sexual orientation identity. All of these suggest centrality and private regard as key factors in the psychological well-being of sexual minorities and should further be explored.

Sexual minority individuals (lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals) suffer from stigmatization, or minority stress, which often predicts negative mental health outcomes and low self-esteem. However, specific dimensions of identity (e.g., centrality and regard) may buffer against these negative outcomes in racial minorities and other stigmatized groups, including sexual minorities. Indeed, research in other stigmatized populations has found evidence for the protective properties of identity. Yet, limited research has examined dimensions of identity that buffer or protect sexual minorities. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of identity characteristics in the relation between sexual stigma and mental health outcomes. Findings in a sample of 209 gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals suggested that public stigma, centrality, and private regard predict psychological distress, but did not support a moderation model. Private regard emerged as a predictor of self-esteem as well. Additionally, centrality and public stigma interacted in such a way that those who reported higher centrality of sexual orientation identity did not report decrements to self-esteem in the face of public stigma to the same extent as those who reported lower centrality of sexual orientation identity. All of these suggest centrality and private regard as key factors in the psychological well-being of sexual minorities and should further be explored.

The Internet has changed the way society communicates with one another. One of the organizations that utilize the Internet in order to communicate with their audience is universities. The imagery and information that is featured in the homepages of university websites can portray a certain perception of that university. Universities were found to be diverse in the ethnic background of the persons used for their homepage imagery. The way minority characters were found to be portrayed in gave a general idea of what exist within academia as to how they view and portray minority groups.

No description available.

Sexual minorities are the target of numerous negative stereotypes in the United States, and are sometimes perceived as deviant and devalued as compared to heterosexuals. Stereotype threat, the anxiety of confirming a negative stereotype about oneself or one's group, has been linked to perceived stress; and stress has been linked to low job satisfaction. Sexual minorities provide a unique test of stereotype threat theory because they may choose to conceal their minority status at work. Thus, this study also examines whether the visibility of the stigma is a necessary precursor to the experience of stereotype threat. Given the uniqueness of this population, a new and presumably more comprehensive model of stereotype threat (the Multi-Threat Framework) was also examined to ensure that stereotype threat was being adequately measured by examining every possible type of stereotype threat. Job satisfaction has been linked to many organizational outcomes such as poor performance, absenteeism, and turnover intentions; thus, it is important to examine predictors of low job satisfaction. Thus, the current study tested perceived stress as a mediator between stereotype threat and low job satisfaction in a sample of 150 sexual minorities who were employed full time. Internalized homophobia was predicted to moderate the relation between stereotype threat and perceived stress. Results indicated support for the moderated mediation model using only the traditional measure of stereotype threat; that is, stereotype threat predicted low job satisfaction through job stress. Moreover, at high levels of internalized homophobia, individuals reported high job stress, regardless of levels of experienced stereotype threat. However, those with low internalized homophobia reported high job stress only when stereotype threat was high. No differences were found with regards to degree of concealing, suggesting that the deleterious effects of high stereotype threat on job stress occurred regardless of whether participants were concealing. Additionally, the moderated mediation model was not supported when measured using the new Multi-Threat Framework, suggesting that the measure may not be measuring the same construct as the traditional measure. Finally, results suggest that stereotype threat added significant incremental validity in predicting job dissatisfaction over perceived discrimination. These findings, in total, suggest that stereotype threat is a valuable construct for predicting negative work outcomes for stigmatized individuals. Implications for improving the work lives of sexual minorities were discussed.

Elever i den svenska grundskolan ska enligt 1994 års läroplan inhämta ”kunskaper om de nationella minoriteternas kultur, språk, religion och historia”. För att skolorna ska kunna fullfölja detta uppdrag krävs det att läroböckerna tar upp frågor om den samiska kulturen och samernas levnadsförhållanden på ett korrekt och mångsidigt sätt. En granskning gjord av Statens Institut för Läromedel (SIL) 1990 beträffande hur de samiska förhållandena behandlas i läromedel i de samhällsorienterande ämnena visade på stora brister – samerna var i stort sätt osynliga i dessa läroböcker. Föreliggande projekt är en inventering och analys av läromedel i årskurs F-6 i historia, totalt 11 läroböcker utgivna på 7 förlag. Syftet var att ta reda på om samerna åskådliggörs i de svenska läromedlena i historia, samt att kartlägga i vilken utsträckning samerna fanns med och om innehållet uppfyller kraven och målen i Lpo 94 samt kursplanen för historia. Ett försök att skatta texternas relevans har gjorts. Med relevant innehåll avses här fakta som ligger i linje med samt ger eleverna en möjlighet att uppfylla målen i läroplanen och kursplanen för ämnet historia. Resultatet av analysen har jämförts med den granskning som Statens institut för läromedel (SIL) utförde 1990. Jämförelsen visar på vissa skillnader som innebär en utveckling till det bättre. Trots detta är huvudintrycket att många av de brister som påtalades då kvarstår i dagens läromedel. I den mån läroböckerna tog upp de samiska frågorna, var informationen om hur samerna levde förr sporadisk och innehållet om hur samerna lever idag ännu magrare. Samernas kultur framstår som exotiskt och oföränderligt samt romantiserat. Innehållet har även en kraftig slagsida mot rennäringen men inget nämns om den kris som rennäringen har gått igenom. Det lidande och förtryck som samerna varit utsatta för genom historien är osynligt i de granskade läromedlen, om de mot förmodan tar upp förtrycket ges det en ytterst liten plats av det totala innehållet. Den samiska historien är till stor del en dold historia och analysen visar att samerna fortfarande är en osynlig folkgrupp i ämnet historia precis som SIL rapporten visade 1990. / Students in the Swedish nine-year compulsory school, should according to the 1994 curriculum obtain, “ knowledge about the national minorities culture, language, religion and history”. For the schools to complete this commission it demands that the textbooks bring up questions about the Lappish culture and the Lappish living conditions in a correct and multifaceted way. A perusal maid by the Governments Institution for textbooks and teaching aids (SIL) 1990 concerning the Lappish conditions handles in the textbooks and teaching aids in the social studies subjects showed big lacks – the Lappish were pretty much invisible in these books. In case project is an inventory and analysis of the textbooks in the grade F-6 in history, a total of 11 textbooks on 7 publishing houses.The purpose was to find out how the Lappish are illustrated in the Swedish textbooks in history, and survey in which extent the Lappish was included and if the contents of the books fullfil the requirements and goals in LPfö 94 and in the syllabus of history. One attempt to estimate the relevance of the texts has been done. With relevance content refers here to facts that lies in line with and gives the pupils a possibility to fullfil the goals in the curriculum and in the syllabus for the subject of history. The result of the analysis has been compared with the review that the Governments Institution for textbooks and teaching aids (SIL) made in 1990. The comparison showed some differences which involves a development to the better. Despite this the main impression is that many of the lacks which are criticized still remains in the textbooks and teaching aids of today.For as long as the textbooks brought up the questions about the Lappish, the information was how the Lappish used to live in former times sporadic and the contents about how the Lappish lives today even thinner. The culture of the Lappish appears as exotic and unchangeable and romantic. The contents has also a powerful one-sided against the reindeer industry but nothing has been mention about the crise that the reindeer industry has been through. The suffering and oppression that the Lappish has been vulnerable by through the history is invisible in the review textbooks and teaching aids, and if they in contrary to expectation bring up the oppression it gives an extremely small place of the total contents. The Lappish history is to a large part a concealed history and the analysis shows that the Lappish still is an invisible ethnic group in the subject history just as the rapport that was made by the SIL showed in 1990.