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Because of the globalization, oil/energy crisis, divergent political senses, conflicts between economy development and eco strategy, local protest, and China¡¦s open economical strategy, the economy in Taiwan is beaten heavily, especially petrochemical industry. Since Mai-Liao No.6-Naphtha Cracking prject was finished, the manufacturers who supply the equipments are seriously damaged. They can only try to earn orders from international markets. Fortunately, Middle-east, Thailand and China constructing new petrochemical industrial areas in the recent years, and this gives Taiwan manufacturers a slim chance to survive. Certainly, they are facing more difficulties include the business scale, closeness, material-specialty, and the specific request of clients. To the traditional engineering-service industry, no matter to F-company or others, global marketing is the way they must go ahead. Therefore, through the questionnaire which directs to the key factors of success global marketing of petrochemical equipment manufacturers, and analyzed by AHP method, I advance the following opinions: A.In the key factors of success global marketing of petrochemical equipment manufacturers, the internal process is the most important, the secondary are relationship marketing and customer management, and organization and human resource. B.All key factors of global marketing in order are: 1. Match the quality requested by customer. 2. Price with competition. 3. Date of delivery with competition. 4. Promotion of customer-value, satisfied and reliable products/services. 5. Build and maintain good customer relationship. 6. Collaboration of up-down stream (strategy alliance) 7. Attitude and enthusiasm of employees. 8. Promotion of employees¡¦ skill (training) 9. Knowledge management of core competition. 10. Brand image (Complementary Asset.) 11. Corporation of organization and system. 12. Excellent marketing brain. 13. Ability of global marketing. 14. Analysis of customer request and self-SWOT. This research may be referred to petrochemical equipment manufacturers, and help them to learn and bring their own character and successful factors into play to achieve the success of global marketing.

In Recent years, global supply chain management has been a popular study area due to the economic globalization. This study mainly focus on the demand planning process of demand management in global supply chain management. The purpose of this thesis is to find the key factors and obstacles in demand planning process both in theory and practice, and solutions for the obstacles. Based on many scholar researches, a brief introduction of demand management and demand planning has been made at the beginning of the theoretical framework. Key factors, key obstacles and solutions are collected and clarified from empirical study and scholar researches in the theoretical framework. Qualitative approach is adopted as basic approach. We use case study to do the research and interviews to collect data. A server manufacturer of IBM named ISTC (International System Technology Corporation) is chosen as a case for this research. The key factors, obstacles and improvements of empirical study are compared with the facts of ISTC. New factors, obstacles and their new descriptions are figured out through the comparison between theory and the fact of the case. A suggestion for improvement and solution for the demand planning process is also put forward based on the empirical study and the facts of ISTC by this method.

Sexual minority individuals (lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals) suffer from stigmatization, or minority stress, which often predicts negative mental health outcomes and low self-esteem. However, specific dimensions of identity (e.g., centrality and regard) may buffer against these negative outcomes in racial minorities and other stigmatized groups, including sexual minorities. Indeed, research in other stigmatized populations has found evidence for the protective properties of identity. Yet, limited research has examined dimensions of identity that buffer or protect sexual minorities. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of identity characteristics in the relation between sexual stigma and mental health outcomes. Findings in a sample of 209 gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals suggested that public stigma, centrality, and private regard predict psychological distress, but did not support a moderation model. Private regard emerged as a predictor of self-esteem as well. Additionally, centrality and public stigma interacted in such a way that those who reported higher centrality of sexual orientation identity did not report decrements to self-esteem in the face of public stigma to the same extent as those who reported lower centrality of sexual orientation identity. All of these suggest centrality and private regard as key factors in the psychological well-being of sexual minorities and should further be explored.

Sexual minority individuals (lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals) suffer from stigmatization, or minority stress, which often predicts negative mental health outcomes and low self-esteem. However, specific dimensions of identity (e.g., centrality and regard) may buffer against these negative outcomes in racial minorities and other stigmatized groups, including sexual minorities. Indeed, research in other stigmatized populations has found evidence for the protective properties of identity. Yet, limited research has examined dimensions of identity that buffer or protect sexual minorities. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of identity characteristics in the relation between sexual stigma and mental health outcomes. Findings in a sample of 209 gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals suggested that public stigma, centrality, and private regard predict psychological distress, but did not support a moderation model. Private regard emerged as a predictor of self-esteem as well. Additionally, centrality and public stigma interacted in such a way that those who reported higher centrality of sexual orientation identity did not report decrements to self-esteem in the face of public stigma to the same extent as those who reported lower centrality of sexual orientation identity. All of these suggest centrality and private regard as key factors in the psychological well-being of sexual minorities and should further be explored.

Many organizations are familiar with using CRM (Customer relationship management) to manage and enhance the customer relationship. Good customer relationship can bring great benefits and a competitive advantage to organization. And in this era of technology, CRM that consists of eCRM (Electronic customer relationship management) is acknowledged as another potential solution for business.The purpose of this study is to explore what an organization can do to improve the use of eCRM, so eCRM can enhance the customer relationship. In the thesis the authors have studied different eCRM key factors and their relationship in order to improve customer relationship through the use of eCRM.This thesis has used Toyota Mahanakorn, the Toyota dealers in Thailand as a case study for examining the practice of successful eCRM in the organization.Our conclusion is that in order to improve the performance of eCRM, an organization should choose a eCRM technology that suits with organization strategy and practice as well as employees technology and service capabilities.Since this thesis studies the way to improve the use of eCRM in an organization, this thesis will be advantageous to those who plan to implement eCRM in the future and to those who have already implemented eCRM and would like to make it better.

Boas estratégias não garantem o sucesso do negócio, a menos que sejam implementadas com sucesso (Ho et al., 2014). Entretanto, a literatura contemporânea de administração sugere que há uma lacuna entre a formulação e a execução das estratégias. Após dedicarem-se ao planejamento da estratégia, os executivos mantêm apenas razoável compreensão das ações necessárias para alcançá-la (Leonardi, 2015; Mintzberg, 1994), os fatores influentes mais relevantes, bem como os principais entraves encontrados pelas empresas e como superá-los (Li et al., 2008), resultando numa taxa de 50-90% de planos implementados de forma ineficiente (Cândido & Santos, 2015). A partir de um referencial teórico composto por questões referentes ao planejamento estratégico, à administração estratégica, à implementação estratégica, bem como relativas aos fatores influentes, entraves e facilitadores encontrados na fase de execução das estratégias planejadas, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é, então, mapear e identificar os principais entraves e facilitadores encontrados pelos administradores em cada fator influente na fase de implementação das estratégias de negócios planejadas, em empresas brasileiras. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, delineou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva (Cervo et al., 2007), junto a gestores de diversos níveis hierárquicos em grandes empresas privadas, sediadas na Brasil. Propõe-se para tanto, a utilização do método survey, através da aplicação de um questionário online. A análise de dados prevê a utilização de estatísticas descritivas e testes de hipótese. Os resultados apontam que os principais entraves relacionam-se à comunicação, à formulação e ao relacionamento entre unidades de negócios, sendo que as dificuldades referentes a sistemas administrativos parecem superadas. Constatou-se ainda facilitadores com baixa penetração nas empresas, como a existência de um sistema de alertas antecipados sobre mudanças no ambiente competitivo e um clima aberto e encorajador para a comunicação multidirecional, indicando uma via para desenvolvimento e melhoria do processo de implementação estratégica das organizações brasileiras / Good strategies do not guarantee business success, unless they are successfully implemented (Ho et al., 2014). However, contemporary administration literature suggests that there is a gap between the formulation and implementation of strategies. After devoting themselves to the planning part of strategy, executives maintain only reasonable understanding of the actions necessary to achieve it (Leonardi, 2015; Mintzberg, 1994), the most relevant influential factors, as well as the main obstacles encountered by companies and how to overcome them (Li et al., 2008), resulting in a 50-90% rate of plans implemented inefficiently (Cândido & Santos, 2015). From a theoretical framework consisting of matters relating to strategic planning, strategic management, the strategic implementation as well as on the influential factors, barriers and facilitators encountered in the implementation phase of the planned strategies, the main objective of this research is to map and identify key barriers and facilitators encountered by administrators at each influential factor in the implementation phase of planned business strategies in brazilian companies. To achieve the proposed goal, a quantitative and descriptive research (Cervo et al., 2007) was designed, with managers of different hierarchical levels in large private companies headquartered in Brazil. To collect the data, it is proposed the use of a survey, through the application of an online questionnaire. Data analysis includes the use of descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing. The results show that the main obstacles are related to communication, strategy formulation and the relationship between business units, and that the difficulties related to administrative systems seem to be overcome. It was found facilitators with low penetration in companies still, such as the existence of an early warning system for changes in the competitive environment and an open and supportive climate for multidirectional communication, indicating a path to development and improvement of the strategic implementation process in brazilian organizations

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os principais Determinantes de Atratividade de Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos (IED) no Brasil no período de 2009 a 2011. A sua realização teve como motivos a necessidade profissional e o interesse intelectual do autor de conhecer os determinantes de atratividade de IED que influenciam firmas multinacionais na seleção de mercados bem como de identificar e compreender aqueles determinantes que tem contribuído para elevar a atratividade da economia brasileira. A justificativa para a realização deste trabalho reside nos efeitos das significativas transformações na economia global decorrentes da crise de 2008, que resultaram em um fato inédito na evolução histórica do fluxo global de investimentos diretos, quando em 2010 as economias em desenvolvimento em conjunto com as economias em transição, responderam por mais da metade dos ingressos de IED, com destaque para a economia brasileira que passou a figurar entre os cinco principais países de destino destes investimentos. No Capítulo 2, apresenta-se uma breve descrição da evolução do fluxo de entrada de IED na economia brasileira desde o período colonial. Em seguida, no Capítulo 3, é analisada a tendência, iniciada no final dos anos 90, de multipolaridade nos campos da produção, do comércio, das finanças e dos investimentos diretos internacionais. O referencial teórico, é analisado no Capítulo 4, está baseado nos estudos do economista John H. Dunning, em especial a sua formulação teórica apresentada em 1976 e denominada Teoria Eclética ou Paradigma Eclético. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos sobre esta temática, a pesquisa bibliográfica foi complementada por uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, cujo planejamento pode ser avaliado ao longo do Capítulo 5 deste estudo. Finalmente, no Capítulo 6, são analisados os resultados da pesquisa. Na análise foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas de distribuição de frequência e de análise fatorial. A principal conclusão deste estudo reside no fato de que a economia brasileira, segundo a percepção dos respondentes desta pesquisa, possui diversas variáveis que foram avaliados como Determinantes de Atratividade de IED Elevadíssima, como por exemplo, Mercado com Altas Taxas de Crescimento e Tamanho do Mercado, Estabilidade Econômica e Recursos Naturais, bem como outras variáveis que foram consideradas como Determinantes de Atratividade de IED Baixa, dentre os quais destacam se Sistema de Infraestrutura, Custo de Mão de Obra e Disponibilidade de Mão de Obra Qualificada. / This current thesis has as its main objective to identify the main determinants of attractiveness of foreign direct investment to Brazil during the period 2009-2011. This study has been developed from a bibliographic research followed by an electronic survey with entrepreneurs and executive of foreign enterprises who visited the country, aiming at evaluate the local prospects for directing their productive investments. The main theoretical framework is the Eclectic Paradigm of John H. Dunning, presented in 1976. A study which was undertaken by the Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency (MIGA), an institution of the World Bank Group, is also considered as a theoretical contribution. The statistical framework includes the techniques of Frequency Distribution and Factorial Analysis. The main outcomes of the survey indicates that, according to the surveyors, the country has high attractiveness determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) such as the size and the growth rate of the domestic market as well as the availability of natural resources, but also presents low attractiveness determinants, for example, Infrastructure System, Labor Costs and the lack of a large contingent of skilled workers. Thus, it would be appropriate that the country´s authorities formulate policies and initiatives towards maintaining the level of the high attractiveness determinants, improving other determinants and, mainly, strengthening the level of attractiveness of those determinants evaluated as low attractiveness, in order to increase the economy´s international competitiveness which will foster foreign direct investments in the country.

Every firm in the world in one way or another is touched by the prevailing globalization trend. In order to survive in the 21st century businesses in every industry are taking steps to expand through trade outside their home markets.  Thus this global expansion evokes stimulus by firms to internationalize. The internationalization process of firms has been studied extensively among various business scholars with the main focus on the growth or positive development of firms. However, an area which has received fairly limited attention is the de-internationalization process. In this field the role of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) under non-crisis conditions, where this phenomenon is seen as a strategic decision of firms or subsequence of internationalization process rather than a market failure, has been underestimated. This paper aims to contribute to the theoretical understanding of cross-border activities of small firms by looking into business relationships as a new perspective on analyzing de-internationalization motives. This was studied through a qualitative case study of Swedish SMEs operating globally. Interviews with sales and marketing directors of the companies together with secondary data compose the gathered empirical data for analyzing de-internationalization process. The study sheds light on business relationship constructs - dependence, bond, investment, and atmosphere - and their influence on the key factors for internationalization - trust, knowledge and commitment - which in turn determine the strategic decision by firms to reduce their market involvement in foreign markets. It has been found out that these key factors of internationalization were affected by the relationship constructs mostly negatively: the market knowledge in majority of cases was lacking due to the weak bond, the commitment determined by unbalanced dependence and reduced investment has gradually decreased along the time and the level of trust influenced by a negative atmosphere was not sufficient enough which played a decisive role on the reduced level of market involvement by firms. Thus the results of the study indicate that unfortunate business relationships influenced the decision of three case companies to de-internationalize through the key factors of internationalization.

In respond to the trend of globalization and IT applications, the pressure by big international companies on cost reduction to OEM companies required a 3%-5% goal every year. What OEM companies need is to keep on with the goal fulfillment and to work on some innovation programs with their business model. They change business model from OEM to ODM to make them survive through challenges and gain profit margin. OEM companies in Taiwan are mostly smaller in many ways in contrast to foreign companies, although they are good at precision manufacturing as their core and manufacture high quality products. It is suitable for those companies to adopt a strategic alliance to integrate their competences to create synergies. This can build up a solid supply chain collaboration platform and new business model with a vantage position and competitive advantages. GMTC, the case company, applied for industrial technology development projects sponsored by the Department of Industrial Technology (DoIT) of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) as strategies to introduce their new collaborating-commerce business model around year 2002 to 2006. They invoked their strategies to integrate the supply chains for expansion through startup a new business model for partners to understand, communicate and improve the value chain to link to the global companies. The performances cause high impacts on collaborative effectiveness among value chain partners. This thesis, based on a case study of GMTC, is to analyze and find the key factors make strategies success and to demonstrate how. Organizational learning - learning history is used in this study to analyze and research the strategies in order to find out what GMTC have done in the past. Implications for planning and moving a new business model or strategy on supply chain are discussed and future research suggestions are provided.