Gender minorities and sexual minorities have been historically under researched in the field of psychology. This becomes more so the case when looking at the intersections of those who identify as both gender and sexual minorities. Prior research has indicated that minority stress models have been shown to be linked to disparities in mental health between sexual minorities and non-sexual minorities. This has also been shown to be true between gender minorities and cis gender individuals. Little research has ever been done to establish this model on those who fall within both minority groups and how these models may differ. The present study attempts to look at this intersection by comparing a mental health and minority stress model – comprised of anticipated discrimination, social support, and depression – for those identifying as a gender and sexual minority to those who identify as purely sexual minorities. In order to do this, participants (N = 315) were recruited from social media and were given a series of surveys. All participants identified as sexual minorities and 53% (n = 167) identified as Transgender or Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC). The cross-sectional, online quantitative study featured a battery of surveys that measured anticipated discrimination in both major and every day events, LGBT community connectedness, depression, and anxiety. A mediated moderated model and a series of t tests were performed to analyze the differences between sexual and gender minorities versus sexual minorities only. Results indicated that TGNC individuals had significantly higher levels of anticipated discrimination (M = 3.56, SD = .86 compared to M = 3.30, SD = .92), lower levels of social support (M = 4.66, SD = 1.26 compared to M = 5.20, SD = 1.24), and higher levels of depression (M = 31.81, SD = 12.97 compared to M = 25.32, SD = 12.80). Further, anticipated discrimination and fewer support resources explain the increase in depression for TGNC individuals (bootstrapped indirect effects = -.4111 SE = .1720 95%CI = -.8675, -.1634). Overall TGNC individuals showed to have worse experiences and outcomes than their gender conforming, cisgender peers. These results may suggest that future counselling methods for TGNC individuals could benefit by focusing on fostering social support through methods such as interpersonal psychotherapy.

This thesis illustrates the Swedish interpretation of the national policy framework on minority and indigenous rights, by including an analysis of the Gállok mining case. The study consists of an ideology analysis of the said framework and three liberal positions on multiculturalism. The scholars Will Kymlicka, Charles Taylor, and Brian Barry each convey three approaches to the implementation of group rights. Their positions provide insights into how Sweden acts as a multicultural state. The findings are that the intentions behind Sweden’s policy framework on minority rights are to preserve and protect cultural diversity, which correlates to the core elements of liberalism according to the three liberal theories. Sweden’s implementation of the policy framework conflicts with Taylor’s argument for equal recognition, and with Kymlicka’s position on expecting minorities to adapt to majority interests. The Swedish approach follows the reasoning of Barry, where minority interests can be compromised to benefit the majority population.

Micro country-level research on why Ghana continues to hold on to a colonial-era law that criminalises sex between consenting adults of the same sex is critical to understanding the unique phenomena of homophobia and violations of sexual minority rights in Ghana. Ghana has not decriminalised the offence of ‘unnatural carnal knowledge’, a law that targets homosexual sex, which it inherited from British colonial administrators in 1892, despite calls by international human rights bodies and Ghana’s own admission that such laws fuel violations of sexual minority rights. The fundamental barriers to the decriminalisation of consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private in Ghana are religion, culture, and politics. Through the lens of decolonisation, Sankofa, as well as purposive and transformative constitutionalism theories, the thesis argues that the current religious, cultural and governance architecture in Ghana are colonial legacies that subjugated indigenous religious, cultural, and governmental institutions and replaced them for more than a century with Victorian-era structures and institutions of the colonial administrators. In order to overcome this colonial-era law, structures, and barriers to decriminalisation, which many Ghanaians unknowingly or mischievously claim as their own, there is a need for the decolonisation of colonial-era thinking and structures. The 1992 Constitution of Ghana provides for a Bill of Rights, an independent judiciary, and the Supreme Court of Ghana, whose jurisprudence upholds the rights of individuals to non-discrimination, dignity, privacy, and association. Apart from religion, culture, and politics, a major obstacle to decriminalising sodomy law in Ghana is the legal culture and socio-political environment in Ghana. The judiciary is part of a society that abhors homosexuality and proclaims that because most Ghanaians oppose same-sex relationships, Ghana should not amend its Constitution to embrace sexual minority rights. The Supreme Court has declared laws that are inconsistent with constitutional rights to non-discrimination, association, dignity, and privacy as unconstitutional. Although the Constitution of Ghana does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, the Supreme Court can overcome the barriers of religion and culture by extending its jurisprudence on the right to non-discrimination, association, dignity, and privacy to include sexual minority rights. Through a broad, purposive, and transformative approach to interpreting the Bill of Rights, the Supreme Court can draw a line between Ghana’s colonial past and the present era of constitutionalism and constitutional rights by declaring sodomy law as unconstitutional. The Supreme Court may also overcome the negative limitations of the current Ghanaian legal culture and socio-political pressure by looking to pre-colonial Ghanaian cultures that embraced same-sex sexuality for guidance. Like the proverbial Sankofa bird, the Supreme Court may, besides looking back to pre-colonial Ghanaian cultures, also fly forward to adopt decisions of foreign domestic and international courts of this modern era to endorse constitutional morality over majority morality in a Ghanaian secular state. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / University of Pretoria, Postgraduate Merit Award (Academic Associate) / Centre for Human Rights / LLD / Unrestricted

Despite Asian Americans’ noteworthy participation in activist movements over the decades, there is little known about the psychological experiences of Asian American activists let alone their activist identity development. Given the limited research about the lived experiences of Asian American activists, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the relationship between Asian American activists’ racial/ethnic identity development and activist identity development. Nineteen individuals, ages 23 to 46, with diverse genders and Asian ethnic backgrounds, completed demographic surveys and semi-structured interviews. Data analyses yielded a multi-part theoretical model for Asian Americans’ Negotiating Activist Commitment which illustrates how multiple dimensions of racial and cultural experiences affect how Asian American activists engage in their activist work, and vice versa. Results showed that individuals’ varied experiences with traditional Asian cultural values and the model minority myth influence the evolution of their racial, cultural, and activist identity development, ultimately shaping their level of commitment to an activist identity and activist-related activities. Study findings not only help to validate pre-existing literature about the racial and cultural experiences of Asian Americans but also offer more nuanced understanding of Asian American identity development as it intersects with activist identity.

Several authors have determined concepts related to the inclusion of social problems in advertising. One of them is brand-cause fit, which refers to the condition in which a brand and a social problem—with which the target audience feels identified—are conceptually united in a single communication proposal. The purpose of this study was to analyze how university students perceive the brand-cause fit as a communication strategy in Sprite's “You Are Not Alone” campaign. A qualitative methodology was adopted and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 university students of which 12 belonged to the LGBT community and 12 were heterosexual. The participants positively perceived the brand-cause fit used as an advertising strategy in Sprite's campaign. Not only do they value the fact that brands include social issues and problems in their communication, but they also claim that it is the brands’ responsibility to do so. / Revisión por pares

Disproportionate representation of minority students in special education remains a very controversial, unresolved issue. This synthesis summarizes historical perspectives and current knowledge about disproportionate representation with respect to: (a) definitions of disproportionate representation and related issues of interpretation; (b) national and state-level estimates of disproportionality for four ethnic groups; (c) legal, policy, research and teacher education responses to disproportionality; and (d) hypothesized causes and predictors of disproportionality. Authors stress the need for: coherent and well-articulated conceptual frameworks, responsible use and representation of data, research dialog that is informed by appreciation of the complex sociopolitical history and current context, and the need for effective advocacy to improve the educational success of minority students.

The purpose of the current study was to explore potential differences in pre- and post-concussion performance on a computerized neurocognitive concussion test between African American and White high-school and collegiate student-athletes. A prospective case-control design was used to compare baseline and 2- and 7-day post-concussion computerized neurocognitive performance and symptoms between 48 White and 48 African American athletes matched for age, gender, and concussion history. The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment Cognitive Test (ImPACT) version 2.0 (NeuroHealth System, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) computer software program was used to assess neurocognitive function (i.e., verbal and visual memory, motor processing speed, and reaction time) and concussion symptoms. Regardless of race/ethnicity, there were significant decrements in computerized neurocognitive performance and increased symptoms following a concussion for the entire sample. African Americans and Whites did not differ significantly on baseline or post-concussion verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, and total reported symptoms. However, African American participants were 2.4× more likely to have at least one clinically significant cognitive decline on ImPACT at 7 days post-concussion and scored lower at 7 days post-concussion compared with baseline on processing speed than White participants. The authors concluded that the baseline ImPACT test was culturally equivalent and construct valid for use with these two racial/ethnic groups. However, in contrast, the findings support deleterious performance for the African American athletes compared with the White athletes on the ImPACT post-concussion evaluation that is of critical clinical relevance and warrants further research.

No description available.

Research relevant to the unique needs and experiences of racial/ethnic/cultural (REC) minority groups in social science literature is essential to the work of policymakers and clinical practitioners. However, the social sciences have traditionally failed to publish a sufficient number of articles that address these needs and experiences or even adequately report the racial and ethnic makeup of their samples. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated look at Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) literature and how often sample participants’ ethnicity is reported, how frequently studies focus on ethnic issues or specific REC minority groups, which REC minority groups and topics receive the most attention in minority-focused studies, which REC minority groups and topics receive the most attention in funded studies, and how these trends have changed over time. Specifically, five journals (American Journal of Family Therapy, Family Process, Journal of Family Therapy, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, and Contemporary Family Therapy) were selected for inclusion in the analysis and were examined inclusively from 2000-2017. Results and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Syftet med detta arbete är att, genom utsagor om verkliga erfarenheter från lärare, utforska språkets betydelse för att andraspråkselever ska utveckla sitt historiemedvetande. Undersökningen vill vidare visa fram de utmaningar lärarna upplever med historieundervisning för andraspråkselever. Slutligen vill undersökningen ge exempel på hur lärare bemöter de utmaningar de upplever. Syftet uppnås genom intervjuer med sex lärare i årskurs 1-3 på en skola med en hög andel andraspråkselever. Metodvalet är kvalitativ forskningsintervju. Utifrån intervjuerna belyses lärarnas uppfattningar. Resultatet framställs i form av teman. Resultatet visar att lärarna ser brister i det svenska språket som en barriär för att eleverna ska uppnå kunskapskraven och därigenom utveckla sitt historiemedvetande. Andra utmaningar som lärarna ser är att läsning inte förekommer tillräckligt mycket bland eleverna, varken på andraspråket eller modersmålet, att konflikter kring olika historiska referensramar uppstår bland eleverna, att den svenska historien kan vara svår för eleverna att relatera till. Dessa utmaningar kan också ses som barriärer för att utveckla elevernas historiemedvetenhet. Lärarna arbetar till viss del med att utveckla elevernas historiemedvetande, men i begränsat omfång och framtidsperspektivet saknas. Lärarna beskriver att de arbetar med stöttning för att främja elevernas språkutveckling. Dock visar resultatet att det finns utrymme för att arbeta mer med språkutvecklande insatser.