Gender minorities and sexual minorities have been historically under researched in the field of psychology. This becomes more so the case when looking at the intersections of those who identify as both gender and sexual minorities. Prior research has indicated that minority stress models have been shown to be linked to disparities in mental health between sexual minorities and non-sexual minorities. This has also been shown to be true between gender minorities and cis gender individuals. Little research has ever been done to establish this model on those who fall within both minority groups and how these models may differ. The present study attempts to look at this intersection by comparing a mental health and minority stress model – comprised of anticipated discrimination, social support, and depression – for those identifying as a gender and sexual minority to those who identify as purely sexual minorities. In order to do this, participants (N = 315) were recruited from social media and were given a series of surveys. All participants identified as sexual minorities and 53% (n = 167) identified as Transgender or Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC). The cross-sectional, online quantitative study featured a battery of surveys that measured anticipated discrimination in both major and every day events, LGBT community connectedness, depression, and anxiety. A mediated moderated model and a series of t tests were performed to analyze the differences between sexual and gender minorities versus sexual minorities only. Results indicated that TGNC individuals had significantly higher levels of anticipated discrimination (M = 3.56, SD = .86 compared to M = 3.30, SD = .92), lower levels of social support (M = 4.66, SD = 1.26 compared to M = 5.20, SD = 1.24), and higher levels of depression (M = 31.81, SD = 12.97 compared to M = 25.32, SD = 12.80). Further, anticipated discrimination and fewer support resources explain the increase in depression for TGNC individuals (bootstrapped indirect effects = -.4111 SE = .1720 95%CI = -.8675, -.1634). Overall TGNC individuals showed to have worse experiences and outcomes than their gender conforming, cisgender peers. These results may suggest that future counselling methods for TGNC individuals could benefit by focusing on fostering social support through methods such as interpersonal psychotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Although prior studies have established the association of asthma with smoking and obesity, literature on difference-in-differences analyses involving sexual identity is sparse. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the between and within sexual identity-group differences in asthma prevalence among individuals who smoke and are obese. METHODS: We aggregated the 2017-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data on adults ( = 128,319) to perform weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis and marginal estimates and marginsplot to determine asthma prevalence by sexual identity and the status of smoking and obesity. RESULTS: About 66% of the study population reported having asthma. Among the individuals with asthma, 42% were obese, 10% were daily cigarette smokers, and 6% identified as bisexual persons. Lesbian/gay daily smokers (86%) or former smokers (75%) had a higher probability of having asthma than bisexual (daily smokers = 78% vs former smokers = 72%) and heterosexual (daily smokers = 68% vs former smokers = 65%) persons. Within each sexual identity subgroup, daily smokers (68-86%) had the highest probability of asthma. Obese bisexual (73%) or lesbian/gay (72%) persons had higher probabilities of having asthma than heterosexual persons (69%). Obese (73%) or overweight (72%) bisexual (compared to normal weight = 70% or underweight = 51%) and obese (69%) or overweight (65%) heterosexual (compared to normal weight = 62% or underweight = 57%) persons had the highest probabilities of having asthma within their groups, whereas overweight persons (overweight = 81% vs underweight = 79%, normal weight = 78%, and obese = 72%) had the highest probabilities within lesbian/gay persons. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and obesity show heightened odds for asthma, with significant odds for sexual minorities in asthma diagnosis relative to heterosexuals. These findings provide formative information for future longitudinal and experimental studies to explore these mechanisms of asthma risks among sexual and gender minorities.

Sleep problems are robust suicide risk correlates. According to the interpersonal theory of suicide, thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) may explain the link between sleep problems and suicide risk. This study examined these relationships among 331 community-dwelling adults identifying as sexual and/or gender minorities. Self-report measures of sleep problems, TB, PB, suicide risk, and anxiety were completed. Bootstrap mediation analyses were conducted to test TB and PB as interacting, individual, and parallel explanatory factors linking sleep problems and suicide risk. Sleep problems were associated with greater TB, PB, and suicide risk. TB and PB, in parallel and individually, accounted for the relationship between sleep problems and suicide risk, beyond age and anxiety. In contrast to the interpersonal theory, the indirect effect of PB was stronger at lower levels of TB and the indirect effect of TB was stronger at lower levels of PB. Exploratory analyses indicated significant differences between sexual minorities, gender minorities, and individuals identifying as both sexual and gender minorities: the indirect effect of sleep problems on suicide risk through PB was descriptively strongest among sexual minorities, and the indirect effect through TB was descriptively stronger among gender minorities and individuals identifying with both minority groups. Findings suggest that intervening upon TB and PB may thwart the trajectory from sleep problems to suicide risk among sexual and gender minorities. Further work is needed to determine whether suicide risk pathways differ across minority groups.

Extensive research has documented the experiences and outcomes of women and certain underrepresented racial/ethnic minority groups in STEM educational programs. This paper contributes to current conversations by focusing on the experiences of individuals that identify as both a racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minority (SGM). This paper has two major objectives in mind: (1) provide one of the first empirical studies examining the experiences of SGM students in STEM and (2) interrogate the intersection of racial/ethnic identity and sexual/gender identity within the context of these programs. In order to provide a more robust understanding in these areas, this paper is guided by the following research questions: (1) What are the experiences of students who identify as both a racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minority in STEM educational programs, (2) in what ways do these students' sexual/gender and racial/ethnic identity influence these experiences, (3) do racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minorities feel a sense of belonging within their respective programs and why, and (4) how do racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minorities perceive they are treated by peers, faculty, and staff within these programs. This paper takes a mixed-method approach, incorporating both interviews and quantitative survey data to gain insights into these questions. Upon analysis, major findings demonstrated that students experiences an erasure of student diversity in the classroom, while also experiencing higher salience with their sexual/gender identity when compared to their racial/ethnic identity.

Research on forced migration has largely ignored asylum seekers from sexual and gender minorities. This exploratory study aimed to examine both positive and negative experiences of LGBT asylum seekers who had migrated to Sweden. Within the study, experiences prior to migration, during transit, and after arrival in Sweden were conceptualized as a process. Guided by the research question “How do LGBT asylum seekers describe positive and negative experiences of their asylum journeys?”, semi-structured interviews with eleven LGBT asylum seekers were conducted and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in five themes; 1. Living Under Threat, 2. Into the Abyss, 3. Living in Suspension, 4. External Sources of Support and 5. Strength from Within. Considerable stressors were reported, spanning form pre- to post migration. LGBT asylum seekers are found to be an especially vulnerable group that demonstrates considerable internal resources.

In this thesis I am putting the sexual and gender minorities in South Korea and Japan under the limelight. I am discussing the topic of LGBT social acceptance, and the connection between the level of social acceptance and how the sexual and gender minorities have been perceived through history, and are currently being perceived within the law, culture and religion, politics, and Socio-economic areas in South Korea and Japan. In both countries there is still a visible lack of social acceptance towards LGBT persons, and the hypothesis of this paper is that all of the factors contributing to that outcome, except for religion, are evidently similar. The aim is to analyze and show the connection between these factors and how the sexual and gender minorities are viewed and treated, as well as to compare the outcome in respective country and discuss the similarities and differences.

No description available.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Historiskt sett har homosexualitet setts som ett psykiatrisk eller medicinskt problem. Trots att dagsläget till viss mån förändrats, kan homosexualitet och könsöverskridande identitet till följd av heteronormen ses som tabubelagda ämnen. HBTQ-personer har en ökad risk att utveckla psykiska sjukdomar, men undviker att söka vård till följd av tidigare erfarenheter eller rädsla. Sjuksköterskans uppgift är att generera acceptans och trygghet. Syfte: Sammanställa kunskap om HBTQ-personers erfarenheter av bemötandet i vården. Metod: Litteraturöversikt över 12 originalartiklar. Ingående studier är utförda i olika vårdinstanser i Sverige, USA och Nya Zeeland. Resultat: Resultaten visar att det finns både styrkor och brister i bemötandet i vården. Vissa informanter upplevde att vårdpersonalen var heteronormativt inställd, opåläst om HBTQ och i enstaka fall homo- och/eller transfobisk. Fler av informanterna kände oro inför att avslöja sin sexuella läggning för vårdpersonal. Men resultaten visar också att det finns vårdpersonal som enligt informanterna uppvisar acceptans och neutralitet. Slutsats: HBTQ-personers erfarenheter av bemötandet i vården är att det präglas av heteronormativitet och okunskap, men att det också finns vårdpersonal som är påläst och accepterande. / ABSTRACT Background: Through history, homosexuality has been recognized as a psychological or medicational condition. Regardless of present amendments, homosexuality and gender-specific identity may to some extent be seen as tabu. LGBTQ persons generally has an increased risk for developing psychological illnesses, but refrain from seeking care due to previous experiences or fear of poor treatment. The nurse shall generate acceptance and a sense of safety. Aim: To compile knowledge of LGBTQ persons´experiences of treatment in health care. Method: An overview of 13 original articles. The studies viewed in this overview are performed in varied care units in Sweden, the USA and New Zealand. Results: The results point to both strengths and shortcomings of the treatment towards LGBTQ persons in health care. Some informants sensed a heteronormative attitude and ignorance among the healthcare professionals, and in some cases homo- and/or transphobia. Many informants felt uneasy about revealing their sexual orientation to the health care professionals. But the results also show that some healthcare professionals expressed acceptance and neutrality. Conclusion: LGBTQ persons experience a sense of heteronormativity and ignorance in regards to treatment in healthcare, but there are healthcare professionals that are educated and accepting.

Bakgrund: Sexuella- och könsminoriteter faller utanför hetero- och tvåkönsnormen som finns i samhället och utsätts för diskriminering på olika sätt överallt i världen. Personer inom gruppen sexuella- och könsminoriteter har rapporterat negativa erfarenheter av vårdmötet, till exempel i form av homofoba och transfoba attityder, vilket kan medföra att hbtq-personer undviker att söka vård. Sjuksköterskan kan vara med och förbättra detta då hen har ett ansvar att främja insatser som tar särskild hänsyn till utsatta gruppers hälsa och sociala behov.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen av bemötande från vårdpersonal enligt personer som ingår i gruppen sexuella- och könsminoriteter. Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturöversikt användes som metod och i resultatanalysen ingick 14 originalartiklar som undersökte sexuella- och könsminoriteters upplevelse av vårdmötet. Resultat: Det visade sig vara viktigt när vårdpersonal gav personcentrerad vård, respekterade patientens identitet och att de utvecklade en tillits- och förtroendefull relation. Det var även viktigt att vårdpersonal hade specifik kunskap inom området och använde ett könsneutralt språk i vårdmötet. Negativa faktorer var upplevelse av diskriminering och att vårdpersonal gjorde hetero- eller cisnormativa antaganden.  Slutsats: Vårdpersonal bör vara medveten om att normer och förutfattade meningar kan påverka vårdmötet utan att de tänker på det. För att undvika stereotypt bemötande bör vårdpersonal respektera patientens identitet och ha mer kunskap om behov som är unika för sexuella- och könsminoriteter. / Background: Sexual and gender minorities do not conform to heterosexual and gender-binary social norms and are subjected to different forms of discrimination all over the world. Members of these minorities have reported instances of negative experiences of healthcare encounters which can result in a hesitation to seek further care. Given their responsibility to promote healthcare interventions tailored to the needs of marginalised groups, nurses could play an important role in resolving this issue. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe which factors affect the experience of an encounter with a health professional according to people who identify as a sexual or gender minority.  Method: The study comprised a descriptive literature review of 14 empirical studies which explored the experience of sexual and gender minorities in relation to the healthcare encounter. Result: The following factors were revealed to be particularly influential in determining the healthcare experiences of sexual and gender minorities. Positive factors included: when health professionals delivered person-centered care, respected the patient’s sexual and gender identity, and when they could develop a trusting relationship with a healthcare professional. It was also important that health professionals were knowledgeable and used gender-neutral language. Negative factors included instances of discrimination and when health professionals made hetero- or cis-normative assumptions.  Conclusion: Health professionals need to be aware of the impact that norms and preconceptions can have on the healthcare encounter. To avoid stereotypical treatment, health professionals should respect the patient’s identity and have more knowledge about sexual and gender minority-specific needs.

The mind and body connection has been actively examined in neuroscience and developmental psychology backgrounds. Sociological theorists posit ways that individuals develop a sense of self through mind, body, and the social world. While research on the connection between the mind and body in disabled and aging populations is common, less is known of the everyday impact of these connections for other minority populations. The present study uses mixed-methods research to explore the relationship between mind and body and the impacts on internal and social life. The quantitative aspect of the study found significant relationships between physical and mental health for sexual and gender minorities (N = 788). The qualitative portion of the research consisted of interviews with sexual and/or gender minorities (N = 20). Interviews revealed central themes of ownership, oppression, and disconnection as a coping mechanism for external and internal body dissatisfaction.